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Rotavirus species A (RVA) is a pathogen mainly affecting children under five years old and young animals. The infection produces acute diarrhea in its hosts and, in intensively reared livestock animals, can cause severe economic losses. In this study, we analyzed all RVA genomic constellations described in animal hosts. This review included animal RVA strains in humans. We compiled detection methods, hosts, genotypes and complete genomes. RVA was described in 86 animal species, with 52% (45/86) described by serology, microscopy or the hybridization method; however, strain sequences were not described. All of these reports were carried out between 1980 and 1990. In 48% (41/86) of them, 9251 strain sequences were reported, with 28% being porcine, 27% bovine, 12% equine and 33% from several other animal species. Genomic constellations were performed in 80% (32/40) of hosts. Typical constellation patterns were observed in groups such as birds, domestic animals and artiodactyls. The analysis of the constellations showed RVA’s capacity to infect a broad range of species, because there are RVA genotypes (even entire constellations) from animal species which were described in other studies. This suggests that this virus could generate highly virulent variants through gene reassortments and that these strains could be transmitted to humans as a zoonotic disease, making future surveillance necessary for the prevention of future outbreaks.

Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis is the major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in both children under the age of 5 and young mammals and birds globally. RVAs are non-enveloped viruses with a genome comprising 11 double-stranded RNA segments. In 2008, the Rotavirus Classification Working Group pioneered a comprehensive and complete RVA genome classification system, establishing a specific threshold, which measures the genetic distances between homologous genes. The aim of this study was to perform an updated systematic analysis of the genetic variability across all RVA genes. Our investigation involved assessing the established cutoff values for each RVA genome segment and determining the need for any updates. To achieve this objective, multiple sequence alignments were constructed for all 11 genes and one for each genotype with discrepancies. Also, pairwise distances along with their cutoff values were evaluated. The analyses provided insights into the current relevance of cutoff values, which remain applicable for the majority of genotypes. In conclusion, this study fortifies the current classification system by highlighting its robustness and accurate genotyping of Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis.

Fil: Liotta, Domingo Javier. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos Malbrán”. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina

The emergence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) in Latin America is a growing public health problem. The urbanization of ZVL has been observed in different countries around the world, and there are a growing number of reports drawing attention to the emergence of this infection in new locations, as well as its increase in previously established areas of endemicity. In the city of Posadas, Misiones province, Northeastern Argentina, the transmission of ZVL associated with canines and Lutzomyia longipalpis was first reported in 2006. In the city of Puerto Iguazú, also in Misiones province, the first human case of ZVL was reported in February 2014. From 209 surveyed dogs, 15 (7.17%) were identified as positive by serological and/or parasitological methods. Amplification was observed in 14 samples and in all cases the species implicated was Leishmania infantum. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of L. infantum from dogs in this area

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2025.1607246.].

To characterize the clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized children as part of the EPICO multicenter cohort study. We included hospitalized children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from Colombian and Spanish institutions to assess disease evolution and outcomes. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clinical phenotypes. A total of 2318 patients were included (55% male, 36% infants). Five phenotype clusters emerged: Cluster 1 (26.5%): infants without comorbidities, low PICU admissions and mortality; Cluster 2 (18.5%): respiratory comorbidities, high microorganism co-detection and mortality; Cluster 3 (11.5%): fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, high PICU admissions; Cluster 4 (32%): mild unspecific symptoms, low mortality; Cluster 5 (11.3%): adolescents without comorbidities, low co-detection and hospitalization rates. Findings were consistent across both countries. Identifying clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 in children may improve risk stratification and guide future management strategies.