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Conclusion: EU-TIRADS is an easy tool to apply and it is reliable in prediction of malignancy risk of thyroid nodules. Results: FNAB was performed in 196 nodules. Twenty-seven (14%) nodules were histopathologically diagnosed as malignant. The risk of malignancy of TIRADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 0%, 2.2%, 5.1%, 59,5%, respectively. Considering TIRADS 2, 3, and 4 as probable benign and TIRADS 5 as probable malignant, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were found to be as 0.82, 0.91, 0.60, and 0.97, respectively. The overall accuracy of ultrasound was determined as 0.90. Materials and methods: In all, 156 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided FNAB of thyroid between May 2013 and May 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Ultrasound images were reviewed, and ultrasound-guided FNAB results were obtained. With the use of EU-TIRADS classification, each nodule was categorized as TIRADS from 1 to 5 according to its ultrasound features. Purpose: It is essential to predict the malignancy risk in thyroid nodules. For this purpose, thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) classification system can be used to evaluate malignancy risk and plan the treatment strategy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical feasibility and reliability of European-TIRADS (EU-TIRADS) classification.

Background: The Appropriateness of Aspirin Use in Medical Outpatients: A Multicenter, Observational Study trial has been the largest study ever conducted among patients in Turkey regarding aspirin treatment. In the subgroup analysis of the hypertensive group of the Appropriateness of Aspirin Use in Medical Outpatients: A Multicenter, Observational Study trial, we aimed to evaluate the physicians' adherence to current guidelines regarding their aspirin treatment preferences. Methods: The Appropriateness of Aspirin Use in Medical Outpatients: A Multicenter, Observational Study trial is a cross-sectional and multicenter study conducted among 5007 consecutive patients aged ≥18 years. The study population consisted of outpatients on aspirin treatment (80-300 mg). The patient data were obtained from 30 different cardiology clinics of 14 cities from all over Turkey. In this subgroup analysis, patients were divided into 2 groups: the hypertensive group (n=3467, 69.3%) and the group without hypertension (n=1540, 30.7%) according to the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/ European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. Results: Aspirin use for primary prevention was higher in patients with hypertension compared to patients without hypertension [328 (21.3%); 1046 (30.2%); P <.001]. Treatment with a dose of 150 mg aspirin (n=172, 5%) was mostly preferred by internists for hypertensive patients (n =226, 6.5%); however, a daily dose of 80-100 mg aspirin therapy (n=1457, 94.6%) was mostly prescribed by cardiologists (n=1347, 87.5%) for patients without hypertension. Conclusion: Aspirin was found to be used commonly among patients with hypertension for primary prevention despite the current European Society of Cardiology Arterial Hypertension Guideline not recommending aspirin for primary prevention in patients with hypertension.

[LANGUAGE= \"English\"] Objectives: There is an increasing number of studies showing that anxiety levels and sleep disorders should be con?sidered as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Also, it is known that there is an increase in anxiety and sleep disorders during the pandemic period. In our study, we aimed to evaluate whether the anxiety levels and sleep quality deteriorations, which are thought to increase in patients with CVD, affect the patients' quality of life (QoL) and treat?ment compliance and response, and whether the deterioration in clinical parameters predicts the OoL. Methods: A total of 150 patients were included in the study during the pandemic. Sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale, and anxiety levels were evaluated with the Beck Anxiety Inventory. QoL scores were also evaluated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Short Form Turkish Version (WHO?QOL-BREF-TR). The blood pressure patterns of the individuals participating in the study were assessed with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement, and Ejection fraction (EF) was measured with an echocardiogram. After the evaluations, the patients were classified as those with hypertension (HT), those with coronary artery disease (CAD), and those with congestive heart failure (CHF). Results: A negative correlation observed between Beck anxiety scores and total QoL scores, in patients with CVD (p=0.029, r=-.287). Regression analyzed showed that older age, higher average diastolic blood pressure, higher Beck anxiety scores, higher maximum heart rate were factors that could predict lower Physical health QoL scores in patients with CVD. Conclusion: There is a need for new studies with large samples to be conducted in this area. During the pandemic period, not only increased anxiety levels, but also sleep level and many factors negatively affect the quality of life in patients with CVD. These factors, especially anxiety, should be taken into account in treatment and follow-up.

Allergic myocardial infarction, known as Kounis Syndrome (KS), is a significant cause of acute coronary syndrome. However, the management and outcomes of KS are not clear. Thus, we aimed to investigate demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory findings, prognosis, and outcomes of patients with KS. Between January 2018 and December 2024, all consecutive patients who were diagnosed with KS were retrospectively analyzed. The precipitating factors, laboratory, ECG, and echocardiographic findings at presentation, in-hospital, and long-term outcomes were examined. Follow-up data were acquired from the hospital database and telephone interviews. Twenty-eight patients with KS (18 men, mean age 47.7±14.3 years) were included in the study. Allergic symptoms such as pruritus, and cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, palpitation, and dyspnea were the most common presenting symptoms. Type 1 KS was the most frequent form (89.3%) of the disease. The most frequent triggering factor was drugs (71.4%), followed by a bee or insect stings (14.3%). Of the study population, 78.6% had left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormality at presentation, which completely recovered in 92.9% of the patients within a few weeks. No cases of mortality occurred during the follow-up among patients with KS. This is the largest series of patients with KS. The results of this study showed that drugs and insect/hymenoptera stings were the most common triggering factors in KS. Compared to atherosclerotic acute coronary syndromes, in-hospital and long-term prognosis were better in patients with KS.

Objective: The metabolic equivalent (MET) and Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score are two parameters with known cardiovascular prognostic significance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the direct relationship between MET and SYNTAX score in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Method: This retrospective study included 200 patients over 18 years of age who underwent coronary angiography and had a positive exercise electrocardiography test result. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 with a low SYNTAX score and Group 2 with a medium-high SYNTAX score. MET values were then compared between these groups. Results: Baseline demographic characteristics and laboratory values were similar between the groups. The mean MET values in the low and medium-high SYNTAX score groups were 9.36 [+ or -] 2.38 and 8.78 [+ or -] 2.43, respectively. No statistical difference was observed (P = 0.086). Additionally, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of MET values being 10 [less than or equal to] or 10 > (P = 0.172). Conclusion: The main conclusion of our study is that there is no correlation between the SYNTAX score and functional MET value in CCS. Keywords: Chronic coronary syndrome, metabolic equivalent, SYNTAX score Amac: Metabolik esdeger (MET) ve SYNTAX skoru kardiyovaskuler prognostik onemi bilinen iki parametredir. Bu calismada, kronik koroner sendrom (KKS) hastalarinda MET ile SYNTAX skorunun dogrudan iliskiyi arastirmayi amacladik. Yontem: Bu retrospektif calismaya koroner anjiyografi yapilan ve pozitif egzersiz elektrokardiyografi testi sonucu olan 18 yas ustu 200 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrildi: Dusuk SYNTAX skoru olan Grup 1 ve orta-yuksek SYNTAX skoru olan Grup 2. Ardindan bu gruplar arasinda MET degerleri karsilastirildi. Bulgular: Hastalarin bazal demografik ozellikleri ve laboratuvar degerleri benzerdi. Dusuk ve orta-yuksek SYNTAX skoru gruplarinda ortalama MET degeri sirasiyla 9,36 [+ or -] 2,38 ve 8,78 [+ or -] 2,43 olarak saptandi. Istatiksel farklilik izlenmedi (P = 0,086). Ayrica, MET degerlerinin 10 [less than or equal to] veya 10 > olmasi acisindan yapilan degerlendirmede her iki grup arasinda istatistiksel fark saptanmadi (P = 0,172). Sonuc: Calismamizda saptadigimiz temel sonuc, KKS'de SYNTAX skoru ile fonksiyonel MET degeri arasinda iliski olmadigidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik koroner sendrom, metabolik esdeger, SYNTAX skoru

OBJECTIVEThe metabolic equivalent (MET) and Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score are two parameters with known cardiovascular prognostic significance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the direct relationship between MET and SYNTAX score in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS).METHODThis retrospective study included 200 patients over 18 years of age who underwent coronary angiography and had a positive exercise electrocardiography test result. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 with a low SYNTAX score and Group 2 with a medium-high SYNTAX score. MET values were then compared between these groups.RESULTSBaseline demographic characteristics and laboratory values were similar between the groups. The mean MET values in the low and medium-high SYNTAX score groups were 9.36 ± 2.38 and 8.78 ± 2.43, respectively. No statistical difference was observed (P = 0.086). Additionally, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of MET values being 10 ≤ or 10 > (P = 0.172).CONCLUSIONThe main conclusion of our study is that there is no correlation between the SYNTAX score and functional MET value in CCS.

Background/Objectives: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is an important cause that is thought main potential factor in Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Extended Holter ECG is an expensive and time-consuming examination. It needs another tools for predicting PAF in ESUS patients. In this study, serum galectin-3 levels, ECG parameters (PR interval, P wave time and P wave peak time) LA volume index, LA global peak strain and atrial electromechanical conduction time values were investigated for predicting PAF. Methods: 150 patients with ESUS and 30 volunteers for the control group were recruited to study. 48–72 h Holter ECG monitoring was used for detecting PAF. Patients were divided into two groups (ESUS + PAF and ESUS-PAF) according to the development of PAF in Holter ECG monitoring. Results: 30 patients with ESUS whose Holter ECG monitoring showed PAF, were recruited to the ESUS + PAF group. Other 120 patients with ESUS were recruited to the ESUS-PAF group. PA lateral, PA septum, and PA tricuspid were higher in the ESUS + PAF group (p < 0.001 for all). Serum galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in ESUS + PAF than in ESUS-PAF and control groups (479.0 pg/mL ± 435.8 pg/mL, 297.8 pg/mL ± 280.3 pg/mL, and 125.4 ± 87.0 pg/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). Serum galectin-3 levels were significantly correlated with LAVI, PA lateral, and global peak LA strain (r = 0.246, p = 0.001, p = 0.158, p = 0.035, r = −0.176, p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: Serum galectin-3 levels is found higher in ESUS patients which developed PAF and Serum galectin-3 levels are associated LA adverse remodeling in patients with ESUS.

The Appropriateness of Aspirin Use in Medical Outpatients: A Multicenter, Observational Study trial has been the largest study ever conducted among patients in Turkey regarding aspirin treatment. In the subgroup analysis of the hypertensive group of the Appropriateness of Aspirin Use in Medical Outpatients: A Multicenter, Observational Study trial, we aimed to evaluate the physicians' adherence to current guidelines regarding their aspirin treatment preferences. The Appropriateness of Aspirin Use in Medical Outpatients: A Multicenter, Observational Study trial is a cross-sectional and multicenter study conducted among 5007 consecutive patients aged ≥18 years. The study population consisted of outpatients on aspirin treatment (80-300 mg). The patient data were obtained from 30 different cardiology clinics of 14 cities from all over Turkey. In this subgroup analysis, patients were divided into 2 groups: the hypertensive group (n=3467, 69.3%) and the group without hypertension (n=1540, 30.7%) according to the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/ European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. Aspirin use for primary prevention was higher in patients with hypertension compared to patients without hypertension [328 (21.3%); 1046 (30.2%); P < .001]. Treatment with a dose of 150 mg aspirin (n=172, 5%) was mostly preferred by internists for hypertensive patients (n =226, 6.5%); however, a daily dose of 80-100 mg aspirin therapy (n=1457, 94.6%) was mostly prescribed by cardiologists (n=1347, 87.5%) for patients without hypertension. Aspirin was found to be used commonly among patients with hypertension for primary prevention despite the current European Society of Cardiology Arterial Hypertension Guideline not recommending aspirin for primary prevention in patients with hypertension.

Abstract Purpose. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to investigate the presence of endothelial dysfunction and whether serum concentrations of liver enzymes may reflect the severity of such an endothelial dysfunction in patients with NASH. Methods. Fifty patients with NASH diagnosed by liver biopsies and 30 healthy controls were included. Blood samples after fasting were harvested for measurements of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and liver enzymes. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and brachial and carotid artery Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Results. Patients with NASH had impaired FMD (4.9 ± 2.8% to 9.3 ± 4.4%, P < 0.001) and higher CIMT (0.79 ± 0.16 mm to 0.64 ± 0.11 mm, P < 0.001) when compared with healthy controls. Linear regression analyses revealed that serum concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were associated with FMD and CIMT. Conclusions. Patients with NASH have impaired FMD and increased CIMT when compared with healthy controls. In patients with NASH, serum concentrations of GGT and ALT might have a predictive value for FMD and CIMT.