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"DOERSCHLER, PETER"
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How Safe Do Majority Group Members, Ethnic Minorities, and Muslims Feel in Multicultural European Societies?
London elected a Muslim mayor in 2016, less than a year after Germany took the lead in welcoming Syrian refugees. What accounts, then, for political leaders' public assertions of the death of multiculturalism and the resurgence of far-right parties? We examine the possibility that some areas of multicultural policy foster a sense of discrimination on the part of majority populations and reduce their sense of safety, putting pressure on political leaders for assurances and providing the impetus for populist political party agendas, even to the point of Brexit. Data from the Banting/Kymlicka Multiculturalism Policy Index project and from the European Social Survey allow us to explore the impact of specific areas of multicultural policy on those who identify as majority group members, ethnic minorities, and Muslims in fourteen European states. We provide a quantitative multivariate analysis of the influence of key areas of state-level multicultural policy on individuals' sense of being in a group that is discriminated against, as well as their feelings of safety, satisfaction with life, and satisfaction with the national government. Background factors, including respondents' education, are controlled. For each of the three groups of respondents, the article offers conclusions as to which areas of multicultural policy seem to contribute to the most adverse reactions. Our findings help to explain the backlash against multiculturalism and the shift in focus in European states toward \"mainstreaming\" integration programs. They also provide a contextual background for understanding the increasing sway of rightist party demands and cautions for the development of programs to counter violent extremism.
Journal Article
Push-Pull Factors and Immigrant Political Integration in Germany
Objectives. Drawing specifically on the German case, I argue that individuals' motivations for immigration, or so-called push-pull factors, have a lasting impact beyond the decision to immigrate and, in fact, profoundly influence immigrants' political integration in the host country. Specifically, economic push-pull factors are likely to impede immigrants' political integration, whereas political push-pull factors lead immigrants to remain more interested and engaged in politics while abroad. Methods. I test these hypotheses using a combination of qualitative interviews conducted in 2002 with first-generation Turkish immigrants living in Berlin, and quantitative survey data from the 1998 German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Results. Results from both analyses lend considerable support to these assertions. Conclusions. The positive findings suggest that factors unique to the immigrant experience contribute to a fundamentally different understanding of immigrants' political integration from that of natives.
Journal Article
Sparking a Transition, Unmasking Confusion
Students' misunderstanding of faculty expectations for paraphrase has been empirically demonstrated, and many writing centers conduct workshops to help students adopt better strategies for work with sources. However, little empirical research supports the effectiveness of such efforts. For this study, researchers examined students' attempts to paraphrase before and after a 45-minute workshop presented by an undergraduate peer tutor in several sections of an introductory political science course. Our findings demonstrate that the workshop did help students improve both their understanding of what is expected of them and their attempts to paraphrase. The average score for language increased from 3.11 in the pretest to 3.86 on a 5-point scale in the posttest (𝑛=107, 𝑝≤.001). However, as many students improved at avoiding patchwriting, the quality of their representation of an idea from a source appeared to decline; ideas scores dropped after the workshop from 3.36 to 3.03 (𝑛=107, 𝑝≤.001). The drop in scores for ideas supports concerns that students' practice of patchwriting may serve to mask problems with their reading comprehension. These findings suggest that writing centers can effectively partner with faculty to help students read and work more thoughtfully with source material and therefore engage more fully with course material.
Journal Article
Push-Pull Factors and Immigrant Political Integration in Germany
Drawing specifically on the German case, I argue that individuals' motivations for immigration, or so-called push-pull factors, have a lasting impact beyond the decision to immigrate and, in fact, profoundly influence immigrants' political integration in the host country. Specifically, economic push-pull factors are likely to impede immigrants' political integration, whereas political push-pull factors lead immigrants to remain more interested and engaged in politics while abroad. Copyright (c) 2006 Southwestern Social Science Association.
Journal Article
Do Muslims in Germany Really Fail to Integrate? Muslim Integration and Trust in Public Institutions
Multivariate analysis of 2008 data from the German Social Survey (ALLBUS) provides firm evidence on the basis of one important dimension of political integration—individuals’ trust in the political system—that Muslims are integrating well into German society. The results are significant despite controls for multiple indicators of respondents’ social capital, socioeconomic status, post-material views, ideological position, partisan support for parties in power, assessment of government performance, interest in politics, and amount of television viewing. Furthermore, Muslims’ level of religiosity does not influence their level of political trust. The findings raise new questions about integration in that the significantly lower levels of political trust found among non-Muslims may negatively affect their views of government and its efforts to respond to Germany’s Muslim population. Skepticism and distrust of government by non-Muslim ethnic Germans may undermine important programs designed to bridge the actual value and cultural differences which remain the source of the ignorance that fuels prejudice and discrimination.
Journal Article
Host Nation Language Ability and Immigrant Integration in Germany: Use of GSOEP to Examine Language as an Integration Criterion
Civic integration contracts in western European states developed in a context of high unemployment rates among those of migrant background, European and national efforts to control migration, and the implementation of antiterrorism security measures. Language and cultural education programs are now required for non-Western immigrants to Europe in order to assure their employment and respect for the political and cultural traditions of the host nation. Political considerations spurred the development of these programs in the absence of systematic empirical analyses of the effectiveness of language acquisition in facilitating integration. Like its predecessors in other states, the 2005 German Immigration Act was based in part on the assumption that the professional and social integration of immigrants are predicated on German language skills. The Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (
http://www.integration-in-deutschland.de
announced that the language support effort marked \"the beginning of the development of the nation-wide integration programme.\" This paper presents the results of a multivariate analysis of German Socio-Economic Panel Data (GSOEP) using indicators suggested by the European Parliament in assessing the importance of language on specific dimensions of integration before implementation of the Act. The results indicate that immigrant integration programs focusing primarily on host nation language acquisition and cultural orientation ignore key problems of integration. Some aspects of immigrant integration in Germany-including the likelihood of unemployment and fear of antiforeigner hostility-are not enhanced by knowledge of German. The results also suggest that non-German citizens classified as Turkish have less contact with Germans, regardless of German language skill and schooling in Germany.
Journal Article
The origins and implications of Turkish and Yugoslavian immigrants' political attitudes and behavior in Germany
The political integration of immigrants has become a leading policy issue across countries of Western Europe with no nation perhaps more challenged than Germany. In this dissertation, I examine one central aspect of immigrants' political integration in Germany—the development of their political attitudes and behavior. Drawing on the social science and immigration literatures, I first outline how different aspects of an individual's life history, including their early socialization, education and social environment, may affect the development of their political attitudes and behavior. To illuminate more clearly how these factors function in the case of immigrants, I draw on original ethnographic data in the form of 52 in-depth qualitative interviews with first- and second-generation Turks and Yugoslavs living in Berlin. Using these data, I construct a comparative analysis in which I examine the relative explanatory power of these factors on the development of immigrants' political attitudes and behavior across the two immigrant groups (Turks and Yugoslavs) and generations (first and second). Finally, I use survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to test whether trends found in the ethnographic data also hold for larger samples of Turks and Yugoslavs in Germany. The results of this analysis suggest different paths of development between ethnic and generational groups. Whereas social environment and in particular the role of ethnic ghettos appear to hinder a greater interest in and knowledge about German politics among Turks, the effects of war in the Balkans on personal identity have led a number of Yugoslavs to become detached from politics. Generational differences are best explained by diverse socialization experiences. While traditional gender roles and the importance of citizenship clearly shape the political attitudes and behavior of first-generation immigrants, younger generations are most influenced by their educational experiences in Germany.
Dissertation