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Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized as brain dysfunction associated with sepsis. In this study we sought to investigate the effects of resveratrol in mice with SAE, as well as its effects in NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β, which were critical in the pathogenesis of SAE. SAE was induced in mice via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and resveratrol was administered at two doses after surgery. Spatial learning memory functions were evaluated by Morris water maze testing. Apoptosis in the hippocampus was quantified using TUNEL assay. Inflammation in the hippocampus was quantified by measuring the levels of microglial activation, NLRP3, and IL-1β. CLP mice treated with resveratrol demonstrated a better spatial memory during water maze training. The TUNEL assay demonstrated significantly attenuated rates of apoptosis, in resveratrol treated mice, while decreasing the number of iba-1 positive microglia in the hippocampus region. NLRP3 expression and IL-1β cleavage were well inhibited by resveratrol dose-dependently. The in vitro results showed that in the BV2 cell lines resveratrol prevents ATP induced NLRP3 activation and IL-1β cleavage, which were reversed by the sirtuin 1 inhibitor, nicotinamide. In conclusion, resveratrol improves the spatial memory in mice with SAE and inhibits the NLRP3/IL-1β axis in the microglia.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized as brain dysfunction associated with sepsis. In this study we sought to investigate the effects of resveratrol in mice with SAE, as well as its effects in NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1[beta], which were critical in the pathogenesis of SAE. SAE was induced in mice via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and resveratrol was administered at two doses after surgery. Spatial learning memory functions were evaluated by Morris water maze testing. Apoptosis in the hippocampus was quantified using TUNEL assay. Inflammation in the hippocampus was quantified by measuring the levels of microglial activation, NLRP3, and IL-1[beta]. CLP mice treated with resveratrol demonstrated a better spatial memory during water maze training. The TUNEL assay demonstrated significantly attenuated rates of apoptosis, in resveratrol treated mice, while decreasingthe number of iba-1 positive microglia in the hippocampus region. NLRP3 expression and IL- 1[beta] cleavage were well inhibited by resveratrol dosedependently. The in vitro results showed that in the BV2 cell lines resveratrol prevents ATP induced NLRP3 activation and IL-1[beta] cleavage, which were reversed by the sirtuin 1 inhibitor, nicotinamide. In conclusion, resveratrol improves the spatial memory in mice with SAE and inhibits the NLRP3/IL-1[beta] axis in the microglia.

Hemin, an inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), can enhance the activation of HO-1. HO-1 exhibits a variety of activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hemin on sepsis-induced skeletal muscle wasting and to explore the mechanisms by which hemin exerts its effects. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) was performed to create a sepsis mouse model. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, CLP, CLP plus group, and CLP-hemin-ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor). The weight of the solei from the mice was measured, and histopathology was examined. Cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to assess the expression levels of HO-1 and atrogin-1. Furthermore, we investigated the antioxidative effects of HO-1 by detecting malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. CLP led to dramatic skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy, but pretreatment with hemin protected mice against CLP-mediated muscle atrophy. Hemin also induced high HO-1 expression, which resulted in suppressed proinflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1, two ubiquitin ligases of the ubiquitin-proteasome system- (UPS-) mediated proteolysis, was also inhibited by increased HO-1 levels. Hemin-mediated increases in HO-1 expression exert protective effects on sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy at least partly by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, UPS-mediated proteolysis, and ROS activation. Therefore, hemin might be a new treatment target against sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

The heterogeneous mixed-grain microstructure is a common defect for the heavy forging of 316 LN austenitic stainless steel. Isothermal compression experiments were performed on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator to investigate the effect of process parameters on the fragment and refinement of millimeter-grade coarse grains（ MCGs） during hot cogging. The experimental results indicate that the stress of MCG specimens is much larger than that of fine grain（ FG） ones at 1 150 °C,while the stress difference between MCG and FG samples became smaller at 1 200 °C. Moreover,the MCGs can be well fragmented and refined under the condition of temperature of 1 200 °C,strain rate of 0. 01 s-1,and reduction rate of 50%. Meanwhile,numerical simulations were conducted to study the influences of temperature,strain and strain rate on microstructure evolution. The results of experiments and simulations comprehensively demonstrate that the MCG results in the increase of deformation resistance and incompatibility of deformation,and it can be fragmented and refined at 1 200 °C so that the plastic deformation energy decreases remarkably with the increase of temperature from 1 150 to 1 200 °C.

The heterogeneous mixed-grain microstructure is a common defect for the heavy forging of 316LN austenitie stainless steel. Isothermal compression experiments were performed on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator to investigate the effect of process parameters on the fragment and re- finement of millimeter-grade coarse grains （MCGs） during hot cogging. The experimental results in- dicate that the stress of MCG specimens is much larger than that of fine grain （FG） ones at 1150 ℃, while the stress difference between MCG and FG samples became smaller at 1200 ℃. Moreover, the MCGs can be well fragmented and refined under the condition of temperature of 1200 ℃, strain rate of 0.01 s-1 , and reduction rate of 50%. Meanwhile, numerical simulations were conducted to study the influences of temperature, strain and strain rate on microstructure evolution. The results of ex- periments and simulations comprehensively demonstrate that the MCG results in the increase of de- formation resistance and incompatibility of deformation, and it can be fragmented and refined at 1200 ℃ so that the plastic deformation energy decreases remarkably with the increase of temperature from 1 150 to 1200 ℃.

One of the strategies to improve the outcome of anti-erbB2-mediated immunotherapy is to combine anti-erbB2 antibodies with T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy, which can be achieved by expressing anti-erbB2 mAb on the surface of T cells. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) from an anti-erbB2 mAb has been expressed on T cell surface to bind to erbB2-positive cells, and CD3ζ has been expressed as a fusion partner at C terminus of this scFv to transduce signals. T cells grafted with this chimeric scFv/CD3ζ were able to specifically attack target tumor cells with no MHC/Ag restriction. To test the effects of CD28 signal on cellular activation and antitumor effectiveness of chimeric scFv/CD3ζ-modified T cells, we constructed a recombinant anti-erbB2 scFv/Fc/CD28/CD3ζ gene in a retroviral vector. T cells expressing anti-erbB2 scFv/Fc/CD28/CD3ζ specifically lyzed erbB2-positive target tumor cells and secreted not only interferon-γ (IFN-γ) but also IL-2 after binding to their target cells. Our data indicate that CD3 and CD28 signaling can be delivered in one molecule, which is sufficient for complete T cell activation without exogenous B7/CD28 co-stimulation.

The traditional connections between dissimilar sheets metals have some drawbacks, such as the connection difficulties, high process requirement, and high cost. As a result of these drawbacks, this article proposes a new method for the connection of dissimilar sheet metals: the cold-pressing connection method. Based on the analyses of the structure and characteristics of the connections, three schemes were designed. Experimental results indicate that the elongation of the connection increases along the length direction during the connection process. Meanwhile, the thinning degree is smallest at the middle position of the connection and increases toward the two sides. As the punch load is increased, the close degree between connected sheets increases. The connection strength test between stainless steel sheet and aluminum alloy sheet with the loading force of 290 KN shows that tensile strength of Scheme 1 is 1.4 times higher than that in Scheme 3. The tensile strength of the connection between stainless steel sheet and aluminum sheet is larger than that of the connection between stainless steel sheet and aluminum alloy sheet at the same experimental condition. This article provides the theoretical basis for the popularization of this method.

The co-precipitation method synthesized LiFePO4/C composite cathode material combined with high temperature carbonization, the amount of carbon source added was characterized by XRD, SEM and other physical tests, as well as its electrochemical properties. The results show that the amount of carbon-coated has a certain influence on the properties of the materials. Which carbon-coated contents of 60% from the first discharge the specific capacity can reach 150.77mAh/g in the discharge rate of 0.1C, and has a retention rate of 90.74% in the discharge of 1C, which has to meet the needs of practical application .