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Interprofessional care obliges different healthcare professions to share decision-making and sometimes, practices. Given established hierarchies, it can be difficult to promote interprofessional care, partly because of the need to reshape professional identities. Despite interest in effective interprofessional care, there is limited research on how professional identity can be mobilised to promote it. A scoping review as well as lexical review of academic publications was conducted to address this void. After searching seven academic databases and screening the identified publications, 22 publications met the inclusion criteria. They collectively reported on 22 interventions, most of which were used in healthcare. The scoping review suggested there is some evidence that professional identities can be mobilised. Yet, of the 22 interventions, only ten explicitly targeted professional identity. The most common intervention was a training or development program, followed by workplace redesign. The need for internal motivation to mobilise professional identity was reported as was the impact of external drivers, like extending the scope of practice. Extending these findings, the lexical review demonstrated that, among the 22 publications, the relationship between professional identity and mobilisation did not feature prominently within the discourse. Furthermore, it seems that geography matters–that is, while all the publications spoke of professional identity, they differed by region on how they did this. Given these findings, concentrated scholarship is needed on the relationship between professional identity and interprofessional care, lest interprofessional care programs have limited, sustained effect. Implications for scholars and practitioners are explicated.

Background Palliative care is becoming increasingly important for many health systems worldwide, driven by ageing populations and the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions. Access to and use of palliative care are not uniform across populations and are particularly limited among people of culturally and linguistically diverse communities, people of low socioeconomic status, and people residing in rural areas. To address these disparties, models of palliative care are required to meet the needs of these populations. The aim of this study was to identify stakeholder perspectives on the core components of palliative care models for these underserved populations that have the potential to improve their access to and use of palliative care. Methods Using a modified world café approach, facilitated discussions were held with stakeholders at two palliative care forums held in Australia in 2023. Targeted discussions were held on the factors that helped and hindered access to and use of palliative care, and the types of palliative care models for the three underserved populations. Participants summarised their discussions and identified three priority areas. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in the data collected from the forums. Results Over one hundred stakeholders contributed to this study ( n  = 109). The barriers to palliative care among the underserved populations included (mis)understandings of palliative care services, such as beliefs about dying, geographical or social isolation, the limited cultural appropriateness of services, and limited resources that restricted access to and use of palliative care services. Participants identified features that enabled the underserved populations to access palliative care, including communication and relationships to aid shared understanding, education for service providers and recipients, resources to promote and sustain community engagement, and cultural appropriateness to ensure communication was tailored to the needs and preferences of these populations. Conclusions Palliative care services for underserved populations should demonstrate choice, appropriateness, and connectedness, and be well-resourced. These core components might be used to underpin palliative care services for these populations to improve their access to and use of these services.

Background Despite wide recognition that clinical care should be informed by the best available evidence, this does not always occur. Despite a myriad of theories, models and frameworks to promote evidence-based population health, there is still a long way to go, particularly in maternity care. The aim of this study is to appraise the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of evidence-based interventions in maternity care. This is achieved by clarifying if and how implementation science theories, models, and frameworks are used. Methods To map relevant literature, a scoping review was conducted of articles published between January 2005 and December 2019, guided by Peters and colleagues’ (2015) approach. Specifically, the following academic databases were systematically searched to identify publications that presented findings on implementation science or the implementation process (rather than just the intervention effect): Business Source Complete; CINAHL Plus with Full Text; Health Business Elite; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; Medline; PsycARTICLES; PsycINFO; and PubMed. Information about each study was extracted using a purposely designed data extraction form. Results Of the 1181 publications identified, 158 were included in this review. Most of these reported on factors that enabled implementation, including knowledge, training, service provider motivation, effective multilevel coordination, leadership and effective communication—yet there was limited expressed use of a theory, model or framework to guide implementation. Of the 158 publications, 144 solely reported on factors that helped and/or hindered implementation, while only 14 reported the use of a theory, model and/or framework. When a theory, model or framework was used, it typically guided data analysis or, to a lesser extent, the development of data collection tools—rather than for instance, the design of the study. Conclusion Given that models and frameworks can help to describe phenomenon, and theories can help to both describe and explain it, evidence-based maternity care might be promoted via the greater expressed use of these to ultimately inform implementation science. Specifically, advancing evidence-based maternity care, worldwide, will require the academic community to make greater explicit and judicious use of theories, models, and frameworks. Registration Registered with the Joanna Briggs Institute (registration number not provided).

Background To better understand and promote public health, participatory research with Indigenous peoples represents recommended practice, worldwide. However, due to the different ways such research is referred to, described, and used, it is unclear what might (and might not) warrant the term when collaborating with Indigenous peoples. As such, this article expands conceptual understandings of participatory research with Indigenous peoples, across timelines and regions. Method Following a systematic search of 29 academic databases in April 2018, a lexical analysis of the methods sections was conducted, which were sourced from 161 publications across 107 journals. Results The active involvement of Indigenous peoples in research that is expressly participatory is limited across all project phases. This might be because the ways in which Indigenous peoples were involved throughout were not reported – however, it might also be because Indigenous peoples were not involved in all project phases. Furthermore, descriptions differ by study location and publication timeframe – notably, studies in the region of the Americas chiefly refer to pandemics, surveyors, and art; and those published in the last two decades have given primacy to artifacts of interest. Conclusions Findings from this corpus of data suggest participatory research with Indigenous peoples is not always described across different project phases; furthermore, it differs according to study location and publication timeframe. This offers considerable opportunity to further this important research area via alternative methodologies that award primacy to Indigenous expertise and agency.

Background Despite the relative abundance of frameworks and models to guide implementation science, the explicit use of theory is limited. Bringing together two seemingly disparate fields of research, this article asks, what can organisational theory offer implementation science? This is examined by applying a theoretical lens that incorporates agency, institutional, and situated change theories to understand the implementation of healthcare knowledge into practice. Methods Interviews were conducted with 20 general practitioners (GPs) before and after using a resource to facilitate evidence-based sexual healthcare. Research material was analysed using two approaches – researcher-driven thematic coding and lexical analysis, which was relatively less researcher-driven. Results The theoretical lens elucidated the complex pathways of knowledge translation. More specifically, agency theory revealed tensions between the GP as agent and their organisations and patients as principals. Institutional theory highlighted the importance of GP-embeddedness within their chosen specialty of general practice; their medical profession; and the practice in which they worked. Situated change theory exposed the role of localised adaptations over time – a metamorphosis. Conclusions This study has theoretical, methodological, and practical implications. Theoretically, it is the first to examine knowledge translation using a lens premised on agency, institutional, and situated change theories. Methodologically, the study highlights the complementary value of researcher-driven and researcher-guided analysis of qualitative research material. Practically, this study signposts opportunities to facilitate knowledge translation – more specifically, it suggests that efforts to shape clinician practices should accommodate the interrelated influence of the agent and the institution, and recognise that change can be ever so subtle.

Background As in many countries, Australians are living longer and experience greater rates of chronic conditions. This can require greater use of palliative care services. However, there is limited research on how many people would benefit from palliative care. The aim of this study is to estimate the current and future need for palliative care services in Australia and within geographical regions. Methods Using national mortality data and population projections, the study used two methods to estimate the observed (2011 to 2022) palliative care need in Australia by age, sex, and geographical area. These were: 75% of all deaths would require palliative care; and a diagnostic based approach on main underlying cause of death. These methods were used to estimate the future need for palliative care, applying the proportion of palliative deaths to the Australian Bureau of Statistics projected deaths to 2042 using 75%, the 2022 proportion of diagnostic-based deaths, and the mean annual change in proportion of these deaths from 2011 to 2022. Analyses were also performed across sex, age group, geographical areas and disease group to identify areas of increasing palliative care need. Results The two methods demonstrated a growing need for palliative care in the observed and projected period. From 2011 to 2022, there was an 18 to 30% increase in the number of people who needed palliative care. From 2023 to 2042, there will be an increase of 37 to 65% in the number of people needing palliative care. People aged over 85 years, as well as people living with cancer and dementia are expected to drive the future need for palliative care. The need for palliative care in regional and remote areas is greater than that in the major cities. Conclusion Current workforce trends in Australia are unlikely to meet the growing need for palliative care. Future palliative care services must be developed in line with these findings and further research is required ensure an adequate supply of palliative care to match the expected demand.

Introduction To redress the scholarly preoccupation with gaps, issues, and problems in palliative care, this article extends previous findings on what constitutes brilliant palliative care to ask what brilliant nursing practices are supported and promoted. Methods This study involved the methodology of POSH‐VRE, which combines positive organisational scholarship in healthcare (POSH) with video‐reflexive ethnography (VRE). From August 2015 to May 2017, inclusive, nurses affiliated with a community health service who delivered palliative care, contributed to this study as co‐researchers (n = 4) or participants (n = 20). Patients who received palliative care (n = 30) and carers (n = 16) contributed as secondary participants, as they were part of observed instances of palliative care. With a particular focus on the practices and experiences that exceeded expectations and brought joy and delight, the study involved capturing video‐recordings of community‐based palliative care in situ; reflexively analysing the recordings with the nurses; as well as ethnography to witness, experience, and understand practices and experiences. Data were analysed, teleologically, to clarify what brilliant practices were supported and promoted. Results Brilliant community‐based palliative care nursing largely involved maintaining normality in patients’ and carers’ lives. The nurses demonstrated this by masking the clinical aspects of their role, normalising these aspects, and appreciating alternative ‘normals’. Conclusion Redressing the scholarly preoccupation with gaps, issues, and problems in palliative care, this article demonstrates how what is ordinary is extraordinary. Specifically, given the intrusiveness and abnormalising effects of technical clinical interventions, brilliant community‐based palliative care can be realised when nurses enact practices that serve to promote a patient or carer to normality. Patient or Public Contribution Patients and carers contributed to this study as participants, while nurses contributed to this study as co‐researchers in the conduct of the study, the analysis and interpretation of the data, and the preparation of the article.

Introduction To extend research on positive aspects of health care, this article focusses on health care for children who tube‐feed—this is because knowledge about tube‐feeding for children is limited and fragmented. This is achieved by consulting with clinicians and carers who supported children who tube‐feed to clarify their understandings of and experiences with brilliant feeding care. Methods Nine clinicians and nine carers who supported children who tube‐fed were interviewed. The interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Results Findings highlighted several features of brilliant feeding care—namely: practices that go above and beyond; attentiveness; empowerment; being ‘on the same page’; hopefulness and normalcy. Conclusions These findings show that seemingly trivial or small acts of care can make a significant meaningful difference to carers of children who tube‐feed. Such accounts elucidate brilliant care as grounded in feasible, everyday actions, within clinicians' reach. The implications associated with these findings are threefold. First, the findings highlight the need for clinicians to listen, be attuned and committed to the well‐being of children who tube‐feed and their carers, share decision‐making, source resources, and instil hope. Second, the findings suggest that carers should seek out and acknowledge clinicians who listen, involve them in decision‐making processes, and continue to source the resources required to optimize child and carer well‐being. Third, the findings point to the need for research to clarify the models of care that foster brilliant feeding care, and the conditions required to introduce and sustain these models. Patient or Public Contribution All of the carers and clinicians who contributed to this study were invited to participate in a workshop to discuss, critique, and sense‐check the findings. Three carers and one clinician accepted this invitation. Collectively, they indicated that the findings resonated with them, and they agreed with the themes, which they indicated were well‐substantiated by the data.

Background Midwifery group practice (MGP) has consistently demonstrated optimal health and wellbeing outcomes for childbearing women and their babies. In this model, women can form a relationship with a known midwife, improving both maternal and midwife satisfaction. Yet the model is not widely implemented and sustained, resulting in limited opportunities for women to access it. Little attention has been paid to how MGP is managed and led and how this impacts the sustainability of the model. This study clarifies what constitutes optimal management and leadership and how this influences sustainability. Methods This qualitative study forms part of a larger mixed methods study investigating the management of MGP in Australia. The interview findings presented in this study are part of phase one, where the findings informed a national survey. Nine interviews and one focus group were conducted with 23 MGP managers, clinical midwife consultants, and operational/strategic managers who led MGPs. Transcripts of the audio-recordings were analysed using inductive, reflexive, thematic analysis. Results Three themes were constructed, namely: The manager, the person , describing the ideal personal attributes of the MGP manager; midwifing the midwives , illustrating how the MGP manager supports, manages, and leads the group practice midwives; and gaining acceptance , explaining how the MGP manager can gain acceptance beyond group practice midwives. Participants described the need for MGP managers to display midwife-centred management. This requires the manager to have qualities that mirror what is generally accepted as requirements for good midwifery care namely: core beliefs in feminist values and woman-centred care; trust; inclusiveness; being an advocate; an ability to slow down or take time; an ability to form relationships; and exceptional communication skills. Since emotional labour is a large part of the role, it is also necessary for them to encourage and practice self-care. Conclusions Managers need to practice in a way that is midwife-centred and mimics good midwifery care. To offset the emotional burden and improve sustainability, encouraging and promoting self-care practices might be of value.

Background Youth health issues represent a “wicked problem” – they are complex and multifaceted. Furthermore, they are likely to require novel approaches to understand their complexity and develop novel solutions. Objective Given the importance of youth healthcare, and the need for novel approaches, the aim of this article was to demonstrate the innovative use of two research methods – thematic and lexical analyses – to better understand practitioner perspectives of youth healthcare. It clarifies the factors that shape practitioner ability to support young people and opportunities to improve practice. Design and Setting Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 37 youth health practitioners. They represented government and non‐government services; hospital and community services; and metropolitan and regional services. Results Thematic analysis highlighted the complexity of participants' work and the judgements made as they negotiated relationships with young people and ancillary services. Lexical analysis revealed two hitherto neglected dimensions of the complexity of youth healthcare – uncertainty and corporeality. Discussion In addition to affirming the complexities of youth healthcare, this study revealed how practitioners (can) negotiate these complexities. These findings were only possible because of the innovative use of the two research methods. Conclusions This study has important theoretical, methodological and practical implications. Theoretically, it is the first to view the complexities of youth healthcare through the wicked problem lens. Methodologically, it highlights the complementary value of thematic and lexical analyses. Practically, it reinforces the importance of policy support and professional development to enable practitioners to grasp the complexities of their work.