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We examine the effect of media coverage on firm innovation. Using a comprehensive sample of corporate news coverage and patenting over the period from 2000 to 2012, we find a negative relation between media coverage and firm innovation. We further document the two offsetting economic mechanisms underlying the impact of media coverage on innovation: the media’s role of short-term pressure on managers relates negatively to innovation, while its role of mitigating financial constraints is positively associated with innovation. Our findings provide new insights into the effect of news coverage on firms’ long-term growth.

Background Global antiretroviral therapy has entered a new era. Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) has become the first choice in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment. Because INSTI has high antiviral efficacy, rapid virus inhibition, and good tolerance. However, INSTIs may increase the risk of obesity. Each INSTI has its unique impact on weight gain in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. This study systematically assessed different INSTIs in causing significant weight gain in HIV/AIDS patients by integrating data from relevant literature. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases were searched to find studies on the influence of different INSTIs in weight gain. Data on weight change were extracted, and a network meta-analysis was performed. Results Eight studies reported weight changes in HIV/AIDS patients were included. Results of the network meta-analysis showed that the weight gain of HIV/AIDS patients treated with Dolutegravir (DTG) was significantly higher than that of Elvitegravir (EVG) [MD = 1.13, (0.18–2.07)]. The consistency test results showed no overall and local inconsistency, and no significant difference in the results of the direct and indirect comparison was detected ( p  > 0.05). The rank order of probability was DTG (79.2%) > Bictegravir (BIC) (77.9%) > Raltegravir (RAL) (33.2%) > EVG (9.7%), suggesting that DTG may be the INSTI drug that causes the most significant weight gain in HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion According to the data analysis, among the existing INSTIs, DTG may be the drug that causes the most significant weight gain in HIV/AIDS patients, followed by BIC.

Background Occupational noise has long been recognized as a significant risk factor for hearing loss, particularly among workers. This study aimed to assess the disease burden of hearing loss caused by occupational noise in China from 1990 to 2019, with a focus on differences across sex and age groups, so as to address the existing gaps in the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) reports. By analyzing changes in years lived with disability (YLDs) among different sex and age groups over the past 30 years, this study provides valuable insights for the development of occupational noise safety measures in China. Methods We extracted data on the burden of hearing loss attributable to occupational noise from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. R software (version 4.12) was used to calculate the YLDs, age-standardized rates (ASRs), and average annual percent change (AAPC), stratified by age and sex. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in the burden of disease attributable to occupational noise exposure from 1990 to 2019. Results In China, the YLDs attributable to occupational noise-induced hearing loss in 2019 were 2.3277 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.5779–3.3478 million, marking a 70.95% increase compared with that in 1990. Throughout the study period, YLD rates exhibited a declining trend, with rates of 127.7 per 100,000 (95% UI: 87.4–181.4) in 1990 and 119.8 per 100,000 (95% UI: 81.2–182.1) in 2019. Using the Joinpoint regression model, the annual percent change (APC) in age-standardized YLD rates for occupational noise-related hearing loss initially increased from 1990 to 2000, followed by a decline, reaching its lowest point in 2015. From a sex perspective, the burden of YLDs in Chinese males exceeded that in females, although the rate of decline was less pronounced in females. With regard to age, the number and rate of YLDs attributable to occupational noise-induced hearing loss generally increased with age, particularly among middle-aged individuals and older adults. However, from 1990 to 2019, the number of YLDs attributable to occupational noise-induced hearing loss decreased among young people aged 15–19 years, accompanied by a significant reduction in YLDs rates. Conclusion Hearing loss attributable to occupational noise represents a substantial public health concern, especially among middle-aged and older adult workers in China. These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective measures to mitigate occupational noise exposure.

Acute liver injury (ALI) is a prevalent hepatic condition that poses significant risks to both life and overall health. Traditional Mongolian medicine utilizes Honghua Qinggan Thirteen-Flavor Pills (HHQG) as a primary formula for dispelling liver heat, illustrating both an extensive application in clinical settings and notable therapeutic effectiveness for treating liver ailments such as hepatitis and liver failure. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the hepatoprotective properties of HHQG remain inadequately understood.We employed a CCl 4 -induced mouse model of liver injury alongside network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking studies, and cellular assays to dissect the effects and mechanisms of action of HHQG. Our findings demonstrated that HHQG significantly improved CCl 4 -induced liver injury in mice, reducing pathological damage and inflammatory factors. Network pharmacology identified 184 overlapping targets, 6 key genes, and 5 key active components in HHQG. Molecular docking confirmed the binding affinity of these components to RASD1. Gene expression analysis in liver tissue revealed a positive correlation between mRNA expression of RASD1 and NLRP3. Cell experiments demonstrated the role of RASD1 in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory factors. Pretreatment of HHQG attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory response and the activation of PKCδ-NF-κB signaling pathway. In the CCl 4 -induced liver injury model, HHQG significantly reduced NLRP3, RASD1, and PKCδ-NF-κB expression.This study revealed that HHQG effectively mitigates CCl 4 -induced liver injury by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating the PKCδ-NF-κB signaling pathway via RASD1. These findings provide novel theoretical support for the rational application of HHQG as a potential hepatoprotective agent.

Background The purpose of this study is to explore the related factors of precocious puberty in children. Methods 1239 children who underwent physical examination in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were analyzed, including 198 precocious children and 1041 normal children. According to the age of 198 precocious children and 1041 normal children, 205 normal children were selected, and the remaining 836 normal children were excluded. They were divided into precocious group and normal group. The general data of the two groups were recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of precocious puberty in children. Results There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups in sex, bone age, daily exercise time, E2, FSH, LH, leptin, mother’s menarche time, living environment, consumption of nutritional supplements, consumption of foods containing pigments and preservatives, consumption of high-protein foods, and sleeping time. The multifactor logistic regression analysis shows that the risk factors of children’s precocious puberty included gender (female), bone age (> 10 years old), and daily exercise time (< 0.9 h), E2 (≥ 66.00pmol/L), FSH (≥ 6.00U/L), LH (≥ 3.50U/L), leptin (≥ 8.00 µ G/L), mother’s menarche time (< 12 years old), living environment (chemical industry zone), consumption of nutritional supplements (often), consumption of high-protein food (often), and sleep time (< 10 h). Conclusion In conclusion, children’s gender, bone age, exercise habits, E2, FSH, LH, leptin, mother’s menarche time, living environment, eating habits, sleep time and other factors are closely related to precocious puberty in children. Reminding parents to actively prevent related factors in clinical work is helpful to prevent the occurrence of precocious puberty in children.

To address the technical challenges in the educational domain named entity recognition (NER), such as ambiguous entity boundaries and difficulties with nested entity identification, this study proposes an enhanced semantic BERT model (ES-BERT). The model innovatively adopts an education domain, vocabulary-assisted semantic enhancement strategy that (1) applies the term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm to weight domain-specific terms, and (2) fuses the weighted lexical information with character-level features, enabling BERT to generate enriched, domain-aware, character–word hybrid representations. A complete bidirectional long short-term memory-conditional random field (BiLSTM-CRF) recognition framework was established, and a novel focal loss-based joint training method was introduced to optimize the process. The experimental design employed a three-phase validation protocol, as follows: (1) In a comparative evaluation using 5-fold cross-validation on our proprietary computer-education dataset, the proposed ES-BERT model yielded a precision of 90.38%, which is higher than that of the baseline models; (2) Ablation studies confirmed the contribution of domain-vocabulary enhancement to performance improvement; (3) Cross-domain experiments on the 2016 knowledge base question answering datasets and resume benchmark datasets demonstrated outstanding precision of 98.41% and 96.75%, respectively, verifying the model’s transfer-learning capability. These comprehensive experimental results substantiate that ES-BERT not only effectively resolves domain-specific NER challenges in education but also exhibits remarkable cross-domain adaptability.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by myelin damage, followed by axonal and ultimately neuronal loss, which has been found to be associated with mitophagy. The etiology and pathology of MS remain elusive. However, the role of FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5, also called FKBP51), a newly identified gene associated with MS, in the progression of the disease has not been well defined. Here, we observed that the progress of myelin loss and regeneration in Fkbp5 ko mice treated with demyelination for the same amount of time was significantly slower than that in wild-type mice, and that mitophagy plays an important regulatory role in this process. To investigate the mechanism, we discovered that the levels of FKBP5 protein were greatly enhanced in the CNS of cuprizone (CPZ) mice and the myelin-denuded environment stimulates significant activation of the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, in which the important regulator, PPAR-γ, is critically regulated by FKBP5. This study reveals the role of FKBP5 in regulating a dynamic pathway of natural restorative regulation of mitophagy through PPAR-γ in pathological demyelinating settings, which may provide potential targets for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.

Monocytes are innate immune cells that serve as the first line of defense against pathogens by engulfing and destroying pathogens or by processing and presenting antigens to initiate adaptive immunity and stimulate immunological responses. Monocytes are classified into three types: classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes, each of which plays a particular function in response to pathogens. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts the balance of monocyte subsets, and the quantity and function of monocytes will not fully recover even with long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monocytes are vital for the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latent viral reservoirs and are closely related to immune dysfunction even after ART. Therefore, the present review focuses on the phenotypic function of monocytes and their functions in HIV-1 infection to elucidate their roles in HIV patients.

Objectives: To compare the benefits and risks between Rapid ART and standard/delayed treatment for HIV. Methods: Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of science were searched from the inception to 28 October 2021. Two investigators independently screened studies related to Rapid ART, extracted data, and evaluated the literature quality. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the statistical software Stata15.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results: Ten eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis, the results showed Rapid ART was superior to standard/delayed treatment in continuing care for at least 8 months (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.03∼1.25, Z = 2.44, p = 0.015), and severe bacterial infection (RR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.25∼0.70, Z = 3.33, p = 0.001). At 12 months following treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in viral load <100 copies/mL (RR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.80∼1.39, Z = 0.35, p = 0.726), mortality (RR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.47∼1.24, Z = 1.09, p = 0.277), or the incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.16∼1.76, Z = 1.05, p = 0.294) compared with standard/delayed treatment. Conclusion: In comparison to standard/delayed treatment, rapid ART can reduce the incidence of TB and severe bacterial infections in HIV patients. Our findings suggest that rapid ART should be utilized when clinical conditions and the patient’s physical state allow. Systematic Review Registration: [ https://inplasy.com/?s=202210004 ], identifier [INPLASY202210004].

Sepsis, characterized by immune dysregulation, inflammatory cascades, and coagulation dysfunction, remains a global health challenge with high mortality, particularly in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Existing prognostic tools, such as SOFA and APACHE II scores, are limited by complexity and lack of real-time monitoring, necessitating simple and reliable biomarkers for risk stratification and individualized management. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-to-platelet ratio (NLPR) for mortality in sepsis patients and explore its potential utility in dynamic risk stratification and treatment optimization. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database (v3.1), including adult sepsis patients meeting Sepsis-3.0 criteria. NLPR was calculated based on neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts within 24 h of admission. Patients were stratified into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on NLPR values. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were performed to assess NLPR's association with 28-day, 90-day, and 365-day mortality. Subgroup analyses examined NLPR's performance in diverse clinical populations. NLPR was a strong and independent predictor of mortality at all time points. Patients in the highest NLPR quartile (Q4) had significantly higher 28-day (28.22% vs. 12.64%), 90-day (36.82% vs. 18.06%), and 365-day (44.94% vs. 25.58%) mortality compared to the lowest quartile (Q1, all P < 0.001). Cox regression confirmed the independent association of high NLPR with mortality after adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, BMI, and SOFA scores. RCS analysis identified nonlinear relationships between NLPR and mortality, with critical thresholds (e.g.,NLPR = 6.5 for 365-day mortality) providing actionable targets for early risk identification. Subgroup analysis revealed consistent predictive performance across clinical populations, with amplified risks in younger patients, malnourished individuals, and those with acute kidney injury. NLPR is a simple, accessible, and robust biomarker for sepsis risk stratification, integrating inflammation and coagulation data. It complements traditional scoring systems, provides actionable thresholds for early intervention, and facilitates dynamic monitoring. These findings underscore NLPR's potential to improve clinical decision-making and outcomes in sepsis management, warranting validation in prospective multicenter studies.