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Bacteriome and virome alterations are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the gut fungal microbiota in CRC remains largely unexplored. We aimed to characterise enteric mycobiome in CRC. Faecal shotgun metagenomic sequences of 184 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 204 control subjects from Hong Kong were analysed (discovery cohort: 73 patients with CRC and 92 control subjects; validation cohort: 111 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 112 controls from Hong Kong). CRC-associated fungal markers and ecological changes were also validated in additional independent cohorts of 90 patients with CRC, 42 patients with adenoma and 66 control subjects of published repository sequences from Germany and France. Assignment of taxonomies was performed by exact k-mer alignment against an integrated microbial reference genome database. Principal component analysis revealed separate clusters for CRC and control (p<0.0001), with distinct mycobiomes in early-stage and late-stage CRC (p=0.0048). Basidiomycota:Ascomycota ratio was higher in CRC (p=0.0042), with increase in Malasseziomycetes (p<0.0001) and decrease in Saccharomycetes (p<0.0001) and Pneumocystidomycetes (p=0.0017). Abundances of 14 fungal biomarkers distinguished CRC from controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.93 and validated AUCs of 0.82 and 0.74 in independent Chinese cohort V1 and European cohort V2, respectively. Further ecological analysis revealed higher numbers of co-occurring fungal intrakingdom and co-exclusive bacterial-fungal correlations in CRC (p<0.0001). Moreover, co-occurrence interactions between fungi and bacteria, mostly contributed by fungal Ascomycota and bacterial Proteobacteria in control, were reverted to co-exclusive interplay in CRC (p=0.00045). This study revealed CRC-associated mycobiome dysbiosis characterised by altered fungal composition and ecology, signifying that the gut mycobiome might play a role in CRC.

ObjectivesWe aimed to characterise the microbial changes associated with histological stages of gastric tumourigenesis.DesignWe performed 16S rRNA gene analysis of gastric mucosal samples from 81 cases including superficial gastritis (SG), atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric cancer (GC) from Xi’an, China, to determine mucosal microbiome dysbiosis across stages of GC. We validated the results in mucosal samples of 126 cases from Inner Mongolia, China.ResultsWe observed significant mucosa microbial dysbiosis in IM and GC subjects, with significant enrichment of 21 and depletion of 10 bacterial taxa in GC compared with SG (q<0.05). Microbial network analysis showed increasing correlation strengths among them with disease progression (p<0.001). Five GC-enriched bacterial taxa whose species identifications correspond to Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, Parvimonas micra, Slackia exigua and Dialister pneumosintes had significant centralities in the GC ecological network (p<0.05) and classified GC from SG with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.82. Moreover, stronger interactions among gastric microbes were observed in Helicobacter pylori-negative samples compared with H. pylori-positive samples in SG and IM. The fold changes of selected bacteria, and strengths of their interactions were successfully validated in the Inner Mongolian cohort, in which the five bacterial markers distinguished GC from SG with an AUC of 0.81.ConclusionsIn addition to microbial compositional changes, we identified differences in bacterial interactions across stages of gastric carcinogenesis. The significant enrichments and network centralities suggest potentially important roles of P. stomatis, D. pneumosintes, S. exigua, P. micra and S. anginosus in GC progression.

A landslide occurred in Kamenziwan, Zigui, the Three Gorges Reservoir area, located about 43 km from the dam on December 10, 2019. Due to a successful early warning system, no casualties were reported following the Kamenziwan landslide. However, roads, citrus groves, water supply lines, and 280-V power lines were damaged, resulting in a direct economic loss of 5.8 million RMB. This landslide is a newborn, wedge-shaped (apparent dip) red-layer rockslide, controlled by double-slip surface and covers an area of about 2.1 × 104 m2 and a volume of about 42 × 104 m3. The sliding mechanism includes leading-edge traction in the early stage and middle-rear gravity displacement in the late stage. The landslide movement was rapid, with a maximum sliding velocity of about 0.15 m/s, a movement time of more than 15 min, and a movement distance of about 18 m. Based on our investigation, the Kamenziwan landslide is not triggered by the reservoir water level and rainfall; indeed, this landslide has no obvious triggering factors. The results from our study suggest the long-term water level fluctuation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has eroded the key anti-slip section in the middle-lower part of the Kamenziwan landslide, greatly accelerating its evolution process. The landslide that occurs “naturally”, due to the degradation of rock mass in the water level fluctuation zone, may be an important path for the development of new landslides in the later stage of water impoundment. The Kamenziwan landslide is of great reference value for understanding the development of a new type of reservoir-induced landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Comprehensive studies on this landslide help to identify potential geohazards, similar to Kamenziwan landslide, in the early stage of their development.

Rockfall represents a sudden and highly destructive geological hazard, posing significant risks to mountainous communities and infrastructure. This study presents an integrated dynamic risk assessment for the Jiaohua perilous rock zone in Kaizhou District, Chongqing, China, by fusing multi-source data including field investigation, UAV photogrammetry, and 3D numerical simulation. Kinematic analysis identified a critical slope angle of 57° for rockfall initiation, enabling the classification of two primary susceptibility zones. High-precision 3D simulations using RAMMS: ROCKFALL were conducted on six identified hazardous rock masses (#WY1–#WY6). The simulations delineated two distinct rockfall mechanisms: #WY1–#WY3 sources generate high-energy, short-duration impacts, achieving kinetic energies up to 1.88 × 10⁴ kJ within 10–15 s, posing a direct threat to the residential area below. Conversely, rockfalls from #WY4–#WY6 involve longer travel paths with considerable energy attenuation, yet residual kinetic energy remains capable of causing zonal damage. The simulated kinetic energies were translated into quantitative impact force estimates, forming the basis for differentiated mitigation strategies. These include active reinforcement and high-strength interception for short-range, high-energy events, and multi-level buffering with trajectory control for long-runout cases. This integrated methodology offers a scientifically grounded framework for precise hazard prevention and serves as a valuable reference for rockfall risk management in analogous geological settings, particularly within the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Background Alterations of gut microbiota are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in different populations and several bacterial species were found to contribute to the tumorigenesis. The potential use of gut microbes as markers for early diagnosis has also been reported. However, cohort specific noises may distort the structure of microbial dysbiosis in CRC and lead to inconsistent results among studies. In this regard, our study targeted at exploring changes in gut microbiota that are universal across populations at species level. Results Based on the combined analysis of 526 metagenomic samples from Chinese, Austrian, American, and German and French cohorts, seven CRC-enriched bacteria ( Bacteroides fragilis , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas asaccharolytica , Parvimonas micra , Prevotella intermedia , Alistipes finegoldii , and Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans ) have been identified across populations. The seven enriched bacterial markers classified cases from controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.80 across the different populations. Abundance correlation analysis demonstrated that CRC-enriched and CRC-depleted bacteria respectively formed their own mutualistic networks, in which the latter was disjointed in CRC. The CRC-enriched bacteria have been found to be correlated with lipopolysaccharide and energy biosynthetic pathways. Conclusions Our study identified potential diagnostic bacterial markers that are robust across populations, indicating their potential universal use for non-invasive CRC diagnosis. We also elucidated the ecological networks and functional capacities of CRC-associated microbiota.

The Lanbazi landslide, a typical reservoir landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir, has exhibited significant and increasing deformation over the past two years, posing a severe threat to the safety of nearby residents’ lives and property. This study employed a combination of field investigation, engineering geological survey, SBAS-InSAR interpretation, and RAMMS numerical simulation to predict and analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of landslide deformation and the instability movement of the Lanbazi landslide. The results suggest that the deformation rate of the landslide ranges from − 73.5 mm/a to 24.7 mm/a from January 2022 to December 2024, and the deformation of the middle and rear edge of the landslide is the largest and the movement rate is the most significant. The RAMMS software is used to calculate the movement process of the secondary potential landslide instability area. The total time from the start to the end of the landslide is 275 s, the maximum movement speed is 25.2 m/s, the maximum movement accumulation height is 31 m, the maximum impact force is 1265.2 kPa, and the landslide accumulation body will eventually flow into the Yangtze River, which will produce a surge of up to 11.7 m. This study innovatively combines SBAS-InSAR and RAMMS numerical simulation technology to realize the collaborative analysis of landslide deformation monitoring and instability motion prediction. This method breaks through the separation problem of deformation analysis and disaster prediction in traditional research.

This paper presents details of the recently reactivated landslide in Wushan Town, Chongqing, China. The landslide was reactivated on July 17, 2019, by slope cutting, and thereafter, entered a state of imminent sliding. The landslide involved 4 million m3 of rock and soil masses, thereby threatening National Road G348 and the safety of 588 residents in 136 households in Xiping Village and over 1000 residents in the Jinke Community. Field investigations, drilling, and in situ monitoring were performed to determine the landslide deformation characteristics and reactivation mechanism. The results show that the regional abundant rainfall, formation lithology, and tectonic effects were responsible for the formation of the ancient Baiyangwan landslide. Moreover, the building load on the rear and middle parts increased the sliding force. Open excavation at the toe decreased the anti-sliding force and directly promoted landslide reactivation. In particular, the groundwater table rise caused by gully filling in recent years also played a key role in the reactivation of the ancient landslide.

Rammed earth is a kind of cleaning material, widely used in all kinds of buildings in the world. The Great Wall of ancient China is a typical world cultural site built from rammed earth. The rammed earth Great Wall of Shanhaiguan is close to Bohai Bay, which has suffered from long-term erosion by rain, causing a series of problems such as soil loss, collapse and gully flushing. The protection materials of the rammed earth site have always puzzled scholars. However, during the rainy season, it was found that some of the walls at Xiaowan Gouge and Nantuzhuang Gouge in the Shanhaiguan Great Wall had unwashed traces, the soil surface of the walls was intact, and the anti-erosion ability of the walls was significantly higher than that of other places. In order to explore the reasons for its strong anti-erosion ability in the natural state of rammed earth wall, guide the protection of rammed earth Great Wall, and carry out different experimental tests to explore its anti-erosion reasons and internal mechanisms. Firstly, the characteristics of rammed soil were understood through the composition test of rammed soil, and the indoor and outdoor erosion test was carried out to determine that the anti-erosion reason was the protection of gray-green soil crust. The property and composition of soil crust were determined through the immersion test and genome sequencing. Finally, the protection mechanism of soil crust was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.

Aberrant alternative splicing is well-known to be closely associated with tumorigenesis of various cancers. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis driven by deregulated splicing events remain largely unexplored. Here, we unveiled that RBM7 is decreased in lymph node and distant organ metastases of breast cancer as compared to primary lesions and low expression of RBM7 is correlated with the reduced disease-free survival of breast cancer patients. Breast cancer cells with RBM7 depletion exhibited an increased potential for lung metastasis compared to scramble control cells. The absence of RBM7 stimulated breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, RBM7 controlled the splicing switch of MFGE8, favoring the production of the predominant isoform of MFGE8, MFGE8-L. This resulted in the attenuation of STAT1 phosphorylation and alterations in cell adhesion molecules. MFGE8-L exerted an inhibitory effect on the migratory and invasive capability of breast cancer cells, while the truncated isoform MFGE8-S, which lack the second F5/8 type C domain had the opposite effect. In addition, RBM7 negatively regulates the NF-κB cascade and an NF-κB inhibitor could obstruct the increase in HUVEC tube formation caused by RBM7 silencing. Clinically, we noticed a positive correlation between RBM7 expression and MFGE8 exon7 inclusion in breast cancer tissues, providing new mechanistic insights for molecular-targeted therapy in combating breast cancer.

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) remains a globally concerning infectious disease, and significant challenges persist in attaining the 2030 targets set by the WHO. With the rapid advancements in computer-aided detection (CAD) technology, CAD-assisted Chest X-Ray (CAD-CXR) has been applied in TB patients triaging, but the practical application value of the CAD-CXR system in real-world primary healthcare settings in China for TB prevention and control has not been fully elucidated. This protocol reports a design of a cluster randomised controlled trial (CRCT), which aims to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical pathway of CAD-CXR in enhancing TB diagnostic yield in primary healthcare settings, thereby contributing to global TB elimination strategies.Methods and analysisScheduled for September 2025, this CRCT will recruit 22 townships in Yichang of Hubei Province, China. These townships will be randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to either the CAD-CXR system intervention group or the control group. In the intervention group, healthcare providers will use the CAD-CXR analysis system to assist in TB screening, whereas the control group will rely solely on conventional CXR interpretation by radiologists. The primary outcome of the study is the TB diagnostic yield; the secondary outcomes include diagnostic delay duration and the accuracy of the CAD-CXR system. These metrics will be comprehensively evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the CAD-CXR intervention. Findings from this study are anticipated to offer evidence-based recommendations regarding the optimal application scenarios and implementation pathways for CAD-CXR.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC-IEC-2025-044). Findings of this study will be disseminated through traditional academic pathways, including peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration number NCT06963606.