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A two-year study has been conducted to optimize saffron cormlet production in a soilless cultivation system. Variations in the concentration of phosphate, boron, and irrigation events were assessed in the first year. Subsequently, after optimizing the substrate composition, the effects of nutrient solution volume and the concentration of nitrate, iron, and boron were investigated on the yield and weight of cormlets and leaves, photosynthetic activities, and productivity of nutrient solutions in the second year. Irrigation events in the first year significantly influenced cormlet growth, while phosphate and boron had no substantial effects. Moisture characteristics indicated an optimal substrate composition of 15% cocopeat, 15% cocochips, and 70% perlite. In the second year, increasing nutrient solution volume (225 ml/pot/week) and nitrate concentration up to 9800 µM significantly increased the weight of the leaf, total photosynthesis rate, and large-sized cormlets (> 8 g) to nearly 50% of total cormlets. Conversely, increasing iron concentration notably decreased the weight of total and large-sized cormlets. Boron concentration again showed no significant effect on the parameters. The highest nutrient solution productivity was achieved with a 150 (ml/pot/week) nutrient solution containing 9800 µM nitrogen and 25 µM iron. These findings underscore the importance of effective irrigation and nutrition management in enhancing the quantity and quality of cormlet production, potentially boosting perennial saffron yield in the following years.

The study examined the relationship between the age of onset of symptoms of this disorder and the time of the first visit for treatment with the response rate to drug treatment and functional disability of these patients. The study method was comparative (post-hoc) and the samples were selected according to the Krejcie-Morgan table of 120 patients (24 females and 96 males) suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) admitted to Imam Hossein (AS) educational and therapeutic hospital in 2021. The study tools were the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS; Goodman et al., 1989) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Questionnaire (WHODAS II, World Health Organization, 2010). Data analysis was done using Student's t-test. There was a significant difference between the means of disability in performance, response to drug treatment, and symptoms of OCD of the groups. According to the results, it is concluded that patients who take treatment in a shorter period after the onset of symptoms get better results. Additionally, the response to drug treatment is weaker in people diagnosed with the disease at a younger age