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Most types of packaging that are in contact with food are made of polypropylene (PP), and the environmental impacts of their production and use are still high. Currently, incorporating recycled PP in the food industry is not a viable solution for reducing environmental impacts due to its complexity and high costs. For this reason, understanding how to reduce the environmental impacts derived from the production process of plastic food packaging is essential. This study aims to analyze the environmental performance of the production of single-use PP food-contact packaging using the Life Cycle Assessment approach in order to estimate the effectiveness of proposed solutions to mitigate its impacts. Furthermore, the economic savings from the avoided CO2 emissions were estimated. To achieve these goals, three diverse scenarios with different energy source mixes were studied. The analysis was carried out using SimaPro v9.5 software, the Ecoinvent v3.8 database, and a ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment. The findings show that upstream processes are the main contributors to the environmental profile, with 67% of the total impact, followed by core processes, with 32% of the total impacts. An increase in the use of renewable energy can lead to environmental benefits, with an impact reduction ranging from 13% to 61% depending on the energy source mix. Furthermore, up to EUR 12,458 per 100 tons of units produced was saved due to the lack of CO2 emissions. The results of this research will be useful to encourage the use of renewable energy in the processes of PP packaging production as an alternative when polymer replacement is difficult.

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas found in rocks, soil, and building materials. Precisely because of its gaseous nature, it tends to concentrate in indoor environments, resulting in a danger to human health. The effects of radon have been described, documented, and attested by the international scientific community and recognized as the second cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoking and in synergy with it. In December 2013, the Council of the European Union issued Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom, which establishes basic safety standards relating to protection against the dangers deriving from exposure to ionized radiation and managing the health risks associated with radon. In addition, designing buildings against radon risk in synergy with the use of low environmental impact materials is one of the objectives of building sustainability certifications. This work presents how radon creeps into buildings and reports several technologies that are needed to remove and mitigate the risk associated with indoor radon in existing and new buildings.

The sustainable valorization of marine biomass is central to advancing a circular bioeconomy. This study delivers the first integrated Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) of a cascade biorefinery for the red macroalga , evaluating environmental, economic, and, crucially, social impacts. Addressing the limited attention to social dimensions in macroalgae research, a Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) was performed using the Reference Scale Approach aligned with ISO 14075:2024 and UNEP guidelines. Stakeholder and expert evaluations were applied to two process phases: harvesting and processing. The S-LCA identified notable social benefits, including strengthened local economic development and improved worker social security, alongside moderate risks in occupational health and safety, as well as wealth distribution. These results were integrated with environmental and economic indicators using a multicriteria decision-making method (TOPSIS), comparing the cascade biorefinery (PrAp) with two alternatives: a single-product system (AAp1) and a three-line extraction system (AAp2). The cascade configuration emerged as the most sustainable option, achieving the highest closeness coefficient (0.776) and demonstrating advantages in product recovery, economic performance, and social co-benefits. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of these rankings under varied weighting assumptions. Overall, this research highlights the value of multi-product valorization strategies and provides new insights to guide sustainable blue bioeconomy development, especially regarding underexplored social aspects.

Collecting urban solid waste (USW) is a critical and essential phase for proper waste management and valorization. To date, many data are available for large cities, but few studies have focused on low-density areas, such as mountainous regions. Considering this lack in the literature, this study aimed to compare two separate waste collection systems in two mountainous valleys in terms of effectiveness and GHG emissions. In the first scenario, a mixed collection system (door-to-door + centers) was used, while in the other, waste was separately collected by a full door-to-door system. The results suggested that the full door-to-door system achieved better performance than the mixed collection system (door-to-door + centers), with a fraction of separate waste collection compared to the unit equals (0.84 ± 0.01 vs. 0.79 ± 0.02). Moreover, the full door-to-door system represented the best option for collecting separate waste in mountainous areas in terms of GHG emissions, with 11.21 kgCO2, eq twaste−1 emitted vs. 15.62 kgCO2, eq twaste−1 in the case of the mixed system. Despite utilities emitting a higher amount of GHGs in the door-to-door scenario (4.66 kgCO2, eq inh−1 y−1), they were fully compensated for by the low GHG emissions from citizens in the mixed scenario (1.77 kgCO2, eq inh−1 y−1 vs. 6.65 kgCO2, eq inh−1 y−1). Given the low amount of data on this topic, this work could be considered as a pioneer study of waste management in mountainous areas by comparing the results of two systems regarding effectiveness and GHG emissions. The outcomes of this study could be helpful for waste utilities, institutional agencies, and local communities and also serve as a tool for decision-making in the case of comparing the different options for USW collection systems.

We introduce two new linear differential operators which are invariant with respect to the unitary group SU（n）. They constitute analogues of the twistor and the Rarita-Schwinger operator in the orthogonal case. The natural setting for doing this is Hermitian Clifford Analysis. Such operators are constructed by twisting the two versions of the Hermitian Dirac operator 6z_ and 6z_ and then projecting on irreducible modules for the unitary group. We then study some properties of their spaces of nullsolutions and we find a formulation of the Hermitian Rarita-Schwinger operators in terms of Hermitian monogenic polynomials.

The delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome can arise in the period from 4 days to 5 weeks following carbon monoxide poisoning, and is characterized by neuropsychological deficits, which in some cases become chronic. This case report describes an adult female who apparently suffered self-inflicted carbon monoxide poisoning. She was not treated with hyperbaric oxygen and developed delayed sequelae on day 20. The treatment started with 40 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and subsequently with neuropsychological rehabilitation and physiotherapy. The treatment resulted in a progressive and almost complete physical and psychological recovery as evidenced by neuropsychometric tests and diagnostic imaging performed in the follow-up. Recovery was attributed to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Although further research is required, we propose hyperbaric oxygen therapy also in the recovery protocol in the treatment of delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome.

An attempt to study the compatibility conditions, and the general free resolution, for the system associated with the Dirac operator in k vector variables appeared already in Sabadini et al. (Math Z 239: 293–320, 2002 ), from the point of view of Clifford analysis, and in Sabadini et al. (Exp Math 12: 351–364, 2003 ) using the tool of megaforms. Other studies have been carried out in other papers, like Krump (Adv Appl Clifford Alg 19: 365–374, 2009 ), Krump and Souček (17: 537–548, 2007 ), Salač (The generalized Dolbeault complexes in Clifford analysis, Praha 2012 ), using methods of representation theory. In this paper, we restrict our attention to the case of three variables and we describe the free resolution associate to the module from various different angles. The comparison has several noteworthy consequences. In particular, it gives the explicit description of all the maps contained in the algebraic resolution and shows that they are invariant with respect to the action of S L ( 3 ) × S O ( m ) . We also discuss how the methods used in this paper can be generalized to the case of k > 3 Dirac operators.

This paper is a short report on the generalization of some results of our previous paper [12] to the case of spin j/2 Dirac operators in real dimension three for arbitrary odd integer j. We use an explicit formula for the local expression of such operators to study their algebraic properties, construct the compatibility conditions of the overdetermined system associated to the operator in several spatial variables, and we prove that its associated algebraic complex, dual do the BGG sequence coming from representation theory, has substantially the same pattern as the Cauchy-Fueter complex.

. In this paper we study properties of invariant differential operators acting between spaces of h -monogenic functions. In this way one obtains differential operators acting between invariant ( m )-modules which can be seen as the Hermitean analogues of the classical Rarita-Schwinger operators.

This paper is devoted to the algebraic analysis of the system of differential equations described by the Hermitian Dirac operators, which are two linear first order operators invariant with respect to the action of the unitary group. In the one variable case, we show that it is possible to give explicit formulae for all the maps of the resolution associated to the system. Moreover, we compute the minimal generators for the first syzygies also in the case of the Hermitian system in several vector variables. Finally, we study the removability of compact singularities. We also show a major difference with the orthogonal case: in the odd dimensional case it is possible to perform a reduction of the system which does not affect the behavior of the free resolution, while this is not always true for the case of even dimension.