Explore the vast range of titles available.

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in the production and cultivation of crops. In recent years, the extensive use of imidacloprid in agricultural production has resulted in large amounts of pesticide residues in agricultural products and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rapid, accurate, sensitive and convenient method for detecting imidacloprid pesticide residues to ensure the safety of agricultural products and the environment. To clarify how to use the molecular imprinting method for the electrochemical rapid residue detection of imidacloprid. This paper selected reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles as modifiers modified on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) chitosan as a functional monomer, and imidacloprid as template molecule to prepare molecularly imprinted polymer, and applied this sensor to the residue detection of imidacloprid. The results showed that the concentration of imidacloprid showed a good linear relationship with the peak response current, and the detection limit of imidacloprid was 0.5 μM, while the sensor had good repeatability and interference resistance. The recoveries of imidacloprid spiked on three samples, mango, cowpea and water, were in the range of 90–110% (relative standard deviation, RSD<5%), which proved the practicality and feasibility of the assay established in this paper. The results of this paper can be used as a basis for the research on the detection of imidacloprid pesticide residues in food or environment.

In order to achieve rapid detection of thiamethoxam residues in mango, cowpea and water, this study modified the screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to make a specific molecular imprinting sensor (Thiamethoxam-MIP/Au/rGO/SPCE) for thiamethoxam. An integrated smartphone platform was also built for thiamethoxam residue analysis. The performance of the complete system was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The system was then applied for the rapid determination of thiamethoxam residues in water, mango and cowpea samples. The results showed that the molecular sensor showed good linearity in the range 0.5–3.0 μmol/L of thiamethoxam. The detection limit of thiamethoxam was 0.5 μmol/L. Moreover, the sensor had good reproducibility and anti-interference performance. The average recovery rates of the pesticide residues in water, mango and cowpea samples were in the range of 90–110% with relative standard deviations < 5%. The rapid detection system for thiamethoxam residue constructed in this study was simple, reliable, reproducible and had strong anti-interference. It has broad application prospects in the field detection of thiamethoxam residue, and serves as a valuable reference for the further development of rapid detection technology of pesticide residues in the field of environment and food safety.

In order to achieve rapid detection of thiamethoxam residues in mango, cowpea and water, this study modified the screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to make a specific molecular imprinting sensor (Thiamethoxam-MIP/Au/rGO/SPCE) for thiamethoxam. An integrated smartphone platform was also built for thiamethoxam residue analysis. The performance of the complete system was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The system was then applied for the rapid determination of thiamethoxam residues in water, mango and cowpea samples. The results showed that the molecular sensor showed good linearity in the range 0.5–3.0 μmol/L of thiamethoxam. The detection limit of thiamethoxam was 0.5 μmol/L. Moreover, the sensor had good reproducibility and anti-interference performance. The average recovery rates of the pesticide residues in water, mango and cowpea samples were in the range of 90–110% with relative standard deviations < 5%. The rapid detection system for thiamethoxam residue constructed in this study was simple, reliable, reproducible and had strong anti-interference. It has broad application prospects in the field detection of thiamethoxam residue, and serves as a valuable reference for the further development of rapid detection technology of pesticide residues in the field of environment and food safety.

To determine the rate and mechanism of CH^sub 4^ production in Lake Biwa sediment, slurry was prepared and incubated. Surface sediment (sed) slurry (1.5-6cm) showed a CH^sub 4^ release rate (4.9-9.5nmolg-dry-sed^sup -1^ day^sup -1^) higher than that observed in the 5- to 10-cm sediment slurry (0.2-2nmolg-dry-sed^sup -1^ day^sup -1^). Methane release from the surface (1.5-6cm) sediment slurry was biotic and was inhibited by addition of 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES, an inhibitor of CH^sub 4^ production), whereas that from 5- to 10-cm sediment slurry was abiotic. The addition of BES, HNO^sub 3^, and O^sub 2^ showed no effect on the CH^sub 4^ release rate from the 5- to 10-cm sediment slurry. In addition, tracers (NaH^sup 13^CO^sub 3^, ^sup 13^CH^sub 3^COONa) were not incorporated into the released CH^sub 4^. However, δ^sup 13^C of CH^sub 4^ released from the 5- to 10-cm sediment slurry (-74.0 ± 0.6[per thousand]) indicated that this CH^sub 4^ was produced by bacterial metabolism in the past, stored by adsorption on the surface of clay minerals in the sediment, and then released abiotically by desorption from the sediment slurry as a result of a decrease in hydraulic pressure and CH^sub 4^ concentration in the pore water. This CH^sub 4^ stored by adsorption could be extracted by autoclaving. In the sediment below 5cm, bacterial activity for CH^sub 4^ production ceased, possibly because of the limitated availability of H^sub 2^. To clarify the mechanism of CH^sub 4^ production in the sediment, biotic CH^sub 4^ production and the abiotic CH^sub 4^ release found here should be estimated separately.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

DAX 1,a member of nuclear receptor superfamily,has a function in the sex determination and gonadal differentiation of several vertebrate species.However,little information about DAX1 of invertebrates is available.Here we cloned a homolog of scallop （Chlamys farreri Jones and Preston 1904） dax1,Cf-dax1,and determined its expression characteristics at mRNA and protein levels.The cDNA sequence of Cf-dax1 was 2093 bp in length,including 1404 bp open reading frame （ORF） encoding 467 amino acids.Unlike those of vertebrates,no conserved LXXLL-related motif was found in the putative DNA binding region of Cf-DAX1.Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that Cf-dax1 located on the short arm of a pair of subtelocentric chromosomes.Tissue distribution analysis using semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that Cf-dax1 expressed widely in adult scallop tissues,with the highest expression level found in adductor muscle,moderate level in mantle,gill and testis,and low level in kidney,ovary and hepatopancreas.The result of quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Cf-dax1 was significantly higher （P＜0.05） in testis than in ovary at the same stage,showing a sex-dimorphic expression pattern.Furthermore,immunohistochemical detection found that Cf-DAX1 mainly located in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of testis and in oogonia and oocytes of ovary,implying that DAX1 may involve in gametogenesis of bivalves.

Abstract To address the challenges of path planning for transmission line barrier operations in complex terrains, this paper proposes a solution based on multimachine collaborative control. A path-planning algorithm that integrates multiple classical algorithms and incorporates multiobjective optimization methods is constructed to handle the complexities of challenging terrains. Auction algorithm and genetic algorithm are adopted to achieve optimal load balance by dynamically adjusting task allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed method effectively enhances task execution efficiency, optimizes path planning, and reduces energy consumption in complex terrains and dynamic environments, while maintaining high-obstacle avoidance success rates and communication stability.

In terms of providing additional feeds and improving the soil fertility, planting forage crops during the fallow seasons is an effective strategy to promote resource utilization. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of planting different forage crops on the yields and nutritive compositions of forage and soil properties of winter fallow paddy in southern China. Five forage crops, including alfalfa ( Medicago sativa , AF), common vetch ( Vicia sativa , CV), milk vetch ( Astragalus sinicus , MV), smooth vetch ( Vicia villosa , SV) and Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum , IR), were planted by monoculture on the winter fallow paddy in 2017-2018 (season 1) and 2018-2019 (season 2), respectively. The dry matter yield of IR was significantly higher than those of AF, CV, SV and MV ( P <0.05). The crude protein yield of IR was significantly higher than those of AF, CV and MV ( P <0.05). The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of CV, SV and IR were significantly lower than those of AF and MV ( P <0.05). Forage crops significantly affected the culturable microbial population of soils ( P <0.05). The bacteria, actinomyces and fungi numbers on IR were the highest, while azotobacter number was the lowest. The catalase, acid-phosphatase and invertase activities of IR soil were the lowest. The numbers of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi of IR soil were the highest. IR and SV were the best crops to obtain forage and improve the soil. When producers pursue higher forage yield, we recommend planting Italian ryegrass. If the producers want to improve soil characteristics, smooth vetch is the most suitable plant. These results provide useful information to rice growers for cropping management when growing forage crops (based on the yield and nutritional value) or green manure (based on improving the soil fertility) as an alternative to late rice harvest.

Although exposure to cigarette smoking and air pollution is common, the current prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown in the Chinese adult population. We conducted the China Pulmonary Health (CPH) study to assess the prevalence and risk factors of COPD in China. The CPH study is a cross-sectional study in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 20 years or older from ten provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China. All participants underwent a post-bronchodilator pulmonary function test. COPD was diagnosed according to 2017 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Between June, 2012, and May, 2015, 57 779 individuals were invited to participate, of whom 50 991 (21 446 men and 29 545 women) had reliable post-bronchodilator results and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of spirometry-defined COPD was 8·6% (95% CI 7·5–9·9), accounting for 99·9 (95% CI 76·3–135·7) million people with COPD in China. Prevalence was higher in men (11·9%, 95% CI 10·2–13·8) than in women (5·4%, 4·6–6·2; p<0·0001 for sex difference) and in people aged 40 years or older (13·7%, 12·1–15·5) than in those aged 20–39 years (2·1%, 1·4–3·2; p<0·0001 for age difference). Only 12·0% (95% CI 8·1–17·4) of people with COPD reported a previous pulmonary function test. Risk factors for COPD included smoking exposure of 20 pack-years or more (odds ratio [OR] 1·95, 95% CI 1·53–2·47), exposure to annual mean particulate matter with a diameter less than 2·5 μm of 50–74 μg/m3 (1·85, 1·23–2·77) or 75 μg/m3 or higher (2·00, 1·36–2·92), underweight (body-mass index <18·5 kg/m2; 1·43, 1·03–1·97), sometimes childhood chronic cough (1·48, 1·14–1·93) or frequent cough (2·57, 2·01–3·29), and parental history of respiratory diseases (1·40, 1·23–1·60). A lower risk of COPD was associated with middle or high school education (OR 0·76, 95% CI 0·64–0·90) and college or higher education (0·47, 0·33–0·66). Spirometry-defined COPD is highly prevalent in the Chinese adult population. Cigarette smoking, ambient air pollution, underweight, childhood chronic cough, parental history of respiratory diseases, and low education are major risk factors for COPD. Prevention and early detection of COPD using spirometry should be a public health priority in China to reduce COPD-related morbidity and mortality. Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Technology of China.

Although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. Through RNA sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense RNA viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. With this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain viruses that fall basal to major virus groups, including the vertebrate-specific arenaviruses, filoviruses, hantaviruses, influenza viruses, lyssaviruses, and paramyxoviruses. We similarly documented a remarkable diversity of genome structures in arthropod viruses, including a putative circular form, that sheds new light on the evolution of genome organization. Hence, arthropods are a major reservoir of viral genetic diversity and have likely been central to viral evolution. Many illnesses, including influenza, hemorrhagic fever, and rabies, are caused by a group of viruses called negative-sense RNA viruses. The genetic information—or genome—of these viruses is encoded in strands of RNA that must be copied before they can be translated into the proteins needed to build new viruses. It is currently known that there are at least eight different families of these viruses, which have a wide range of shapes and sizes and arrange their RNA in different ways. Insects, spiders, and other arthropods carry many different RNA viruses. Many of these viruses have not previously been studied, and those that have been studied so far are mainly those that cause diseases in humans and other vertebrates. Researchers therefore only know a limited amount about the diversity of the negative-sense RNA viruses that arthropods harbor and how these viruses evolved. Studying how viruses evolve helps scientists to understand what makes some viruses deadly and others harmless and can also help develop treatments or vaccines for the diseases caused by the viruses. Li, Shi, Tian, Lin, Kang et al. collected 70 species of insects, spiders, centipedes, and other arthropods in China and sequenced all the negative-sense RNA viruses in the creatures. This revealed an enormous number of negative-sense RNA viruses, including 112 new viruses. Many of the newly discovered arthropod viruses appear to be the ancestors of disease-causing viruses, including influenza viruses and the filoviruses—the group that includes the Ebola virus. Indeed, it appears that arthropods host many—if not all—of the negative-sense RNA viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and plants. While documenting the new RNA viruses and how they are related to each other, Li et al. found many different genome structures. Some genomes were segmented, which may play an important role in evolution as segments can be easily swapped to create new genetic combinations. Non-segmented and circular genomes were also found. This genetic diversity suggests that arthropods are likely to have played a key role in the evolution of new viruses by acting as a site where many different viruses can interact and exchange genetic information.

Whole-crop wheat ( Triticum aestivum , WCW) has a high nutritional value and digestibility. No-tillage (NT) can reduces energy and labor inputs in the agricultural production process, thus decreasing production costs. There are many studies on planting techniques of WCW at present, few being on no-tillage planting. This study aimed to compare the effects of different tillage methods and maturity stages on the yield, nutritive value, and silage fermentation quality of WCW. The experiment included two tillage methods (NT; conventional tillage, CT), two maturity stages (flowering stage; milk stage), and three years (2016-2017; 2017-2018; 2018-2019). Years had a strong influence on the yield and nutritional composition of WCW. This was mainly related to the amount of rainfall, as it affects the seedling emergence rate of wheat. Although tillage methods showed no significant effects on the yield, plant height, and stem number per plant of WCW ( P > 0.05), compared to CT, the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields of NT decreased by 0.74 t/ha and 0.13 t/ha. Tillage methods showed no significant effects on the nutritive composition of WCW ( P > 0.05). The WCW at the milk stage had greater DM (5.25 t/ha) and CP (0.60 t/ha) yields than that at the flowering stage (3.19 t/ha and 0.39 t/ha) ( P < 0.05). The acid detergent fiber concentration of WCW decreased by 34.5% from the flowering to the milk stage, whereas water-soluble carbohydrates concentration increased by 50.6%. The CP concentration at the milk stage was lower than that at the flowering stage ( P < 0.05). The lactic acid concentration of NT (17.1 g/kg DM) silage was lower than that of CT (26.6 g/kg DM) silage ( P < 0.05). The WCW silage at the milk stage had a lower NH 3 -N concentration (125 g/kg TN) than that at the flowering stage (169 g/kg TN) ( P < 0.05). Wheat sown by NT and CT was of similar yield and nutritional value, irrespective of harvest stages. WCW harvested at the milk stage had greater yield and better nutritional composition and silage fermentation quality than that at the flowering stage. Based upon the results of the membership function analysis, no-tillage sowing of wheat was feasible and harvesting at milk stage was recommended.