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It is well known that Arctic sea ice and Arctic amplification have played an important role in recent climate change in middle to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. We present a high‐resolution elemental data set, spanning the past 9,000 years, obtained using in‐situ synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence measurements of a lake sediment core from Lake Shuang in the Altai Mountains. Based on calibration against the local instrumental climatic record, the Rb/Sr ratio of the sediments is interpreted as an indicator of weathering intensity, which is related to precipitation and temperature variations. There is very little bromine in the granites and moyites in the catchment of Lake Shuang, and the sedimentary Br is derived primarily from wet deposition originating from precipitation and enriched by biogenic processes in this open lake system. The Br variation is positively correlated with local precipitation. The Rb/Sr and Br time series show distinct decadal‐scale to millennial‐scale cycles that are similar to those of Arctic sea‐ice variations, which implies the important role of Artic sea ice in modulating environmental change at Lake Shuang. Our results support a previous suggestion that sea ice loss would cause an increase in atmospheric water vapor content in the Arctic, resulting in the frequent incursion of cold air masses from the Arctic into middle latitudes, and leading to increased snow cover and precipitation, and vice versa. Plain Language Summary Cyclical and abrupt paleoclimatic events in the Holocene are often linked with Arctic amplification in which atmospheric changes induced by variations in solar radiation are amplified and transmitted globally via the impact of sea ice on ocean‐atmosphere circulation patterns. However, a few of high‐resolution regional paleoclimatic records from midlatitudes have been used to evaluate and verify this link on longer time scales. Here, we present high‐resolution elemental data from the sediments of a lake in the Altai Mountains. The results show distinct decadal‐scale to millennial‐scale cycles that are similar to those of Arctic sea‐ice variations, which implies the important role of Artic sea ice in modulating environmental change at Lake Shuang. Key Points High‐resolution elemental record from an alpine lake in the Altai Mountains The result indicates distinct decadal‐to‐centennial cycles over the past 9.0 ka The cycles link with Arctic sea‐ice variations

The method of analytical microstratigraphy of lacustrine sediments allows to obtain paleoclimatic information fundamentally and new quality was tested on a model object -- Lake Teletskoe. In this paper, the Teletskoe lake bottom sediments were studied by scanning X-ray microprobe using synchrotron radiation from VEPP-3 with an annual time resolution on the time interval of 1,500 years. Data on the distribution of isotopes Cs-137, Pb-210, C-14 were used to create an age model. Using this model, the authors constructed time series of sediment cores composition changes. At each point of the core, they determine the content of more than 20 trace elements. Terrigenous elements reflect changes in precipitation in the catchment, while Organogenic elements are more associated with regional temperature changes. The ratio of Rb/Sr shows the size of the particles and associated with spring flooding dynamics. The resulting time series were processed by mathematical methods, including the Hilbert-Huang transformation.

A sediment column of 155 cm in length was retrieved by hammer corer in the deepest central part of lake Shira. Solid samples were prepared from the wet cores by freeze drying and impregnating with epoxy resin. The inter annual and inter seasonal variations in the trace element composition of annual layers are studied by means of X-ray scanning microanalysis with synchrotron radiation on the VEPP-3 and BESSY-II storage rings. Detailed experimental investigations of the internal structure of annual layers allowed the authors to create a lithological-geochemical model of sedimentation in Lake Shira, and to find climatically correlated minor elements. This model of the annual cycle of sedimentation was used to explain the periodic white layers with high Sr contents in the core. Thick 3 cm-5 cm light carbonate Sr-enriched intervals correspond to an extremely low level of the lake and are repeated every 450-550 years.