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Christine Brooke-Rose's novel Such (1966) derives techniques from the nouveau roman, and combines them with theories of physics to produce an experimental text in line with contemporary scientific understanding. The term “experimental” used to describe the text is significant, considering the British post-war technocratic context. Brooke-Rose herself theorizes the nouveau roman in scientific terms when introducing it to her British audience. She combines the image of the spiral drawn from astrophysics and DNA with continental theories of subjectivity as her central structural metaphor for the interaction of individual consciousness and society. Her phantasmagorical imagery represents an attempt to subjectivize contemporary empirical understanding of physics and to make of it a heroic narrative journey.

Malignant tumours of the male urethra are rare and commonly present at an advanced stage. The most common type of urethral cancer is urothelial carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Less than 5% of urethral cancers are adenocarcinoma. We report a young male with signet ring cell carcinoma of the membranous urethra who presented with recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms. Although he was initially treated for a urinary tract infection, the correct diagnosis was made with an appropriate imaging workup. He underwent radical urethrectomy with total pelvic exenteration with bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Ileal conduit and colostomy were performed as urinary and bowel diversions, respectively. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy, however, succumbed to COVID-19 8 months after the procedure. This case has been presented to highlight the high index of suspicion required to diagnose this rare malignancy.

The impact of diabetic foot infections is enormous in India. Studies on vitamin D levels in diabetes mellitus foot infections are scarce. The primary objective of the present study was to compare the serum vitamin D level between diabetics with foot infections and those without foot infections and the secondary objective was to assess the association between the vitamin D level and the severity of foot infections and outcomes. The study included 176 type 2 diabetics who attended Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India, between September 2012 and June 2014. The serum vitamin D level was measured for 88 diabetics with foot infections (Group 1) and 88 without foot infections (Group 2) using the ELISA 25OH vitamin D DIAsource kit (DIAsource ImmunoAssays S.A., Belgium) and compared. Both groups were followed up for 6 months for outcomes. The qualitative variables were analyzed using the χ2 test and the quantitative variables using the Student test. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 17.0. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The mean serum vitamin D level was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.306). Among the patients in Group 1 who either required amputations or died, 97.44% had subnormal vitamin D levels in contrast to 59.18% in those who were grafted or achieved wound healing (P=0.001). Among those who achieved wound healing within 6 months, 78.9% had normal vitamin D levels (P=0.0006). The study found no significant difference in the serum level of vitamin D between diabetics with and without foot infections. However, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a poor outcome in diabetics with foot infections.

Using biographical research into the relationship between Anthony Burgess and William Burroughs provides new ways of reading their works. Investigating their relationship through their correspondence, I tease out the misunderstandings that lie within their mutual admiration. Analyzing Burgess's Catholicism and Burroughs's libertarianism in relation to the satirical intentions behind A Clockwork Orange (1962) and Naked Lunch (1959) opens avenues for new readings of the texts, read from the other writers' perspective, and helps us better understand the two writers' eventual disagreement.

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in men with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m 2 is considered technically challenging. We conducted a retrospective matched-pair analysis to compare the oncological and functional outcomes of RARP in men with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 . We interrogated our prospectively maintained RARP database and identified 1273 men who underwent RARP from January 2018 till June 2021. Among them, 43 had BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 , and 1230 had BMI < 35 kg/m 2 . A 1:1 genetic matching was performed between these two groups for PSA, Gleason grades, clinical stage, D'Amico risk stratification, and nerve-spare extent. Continence rates and biochemical rates on 1-year follow-up were analysed. We performed statistical analysis using SPSS, and Paired tests were done using Wilcoxon sign rank-sum test. p  < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The two groups were comparable in almost all parameters except for age. Console time ( p  = 0.20) and estimated blood loss ( p  > 0.90) were not significantly different. There was no blood transfusion, open conversion or (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 3) intra/postoperative complication in either of the two groups. The two groups did not have any difference in biochemical recurrence rates (BCR) on 1-year follow-up ( p  > 0.90). Men with BMI ≥ 35 achieved continence rates equivalent to men with BMI < 35 within 1 year. On logistic regression analysis, age ( p  < 0.001) and extent of nerve sparing ( p  = 0.026) emerged as significant factors influencing continence recovery. RARP is safe in men with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 . The 1-year continence and oncological outcomes are similar to matched men with BMI < 35 kg/m 2 undergoing RARP.

Anthony Burgess's A Clockwork Orange and Kubrick's adaptation have a reputation for extreme violence, appearing regularly on lists of 'banned' works and being implicated in 'copycat crimes'. This paper traces the development of this reputation. Both film and book were very warmly received on first appearance, the first public 'outrage' being manufactured by British tabloids two years after the film's release. The paper goes on to use the theory of the 'folk devil' to reassess the text itself and ends by investigating how the moral panic had a positive effect by stopping the torture of prisoners in California.