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Tropical storms, such as cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, present major threats to coastal communities. Around two million people worldwide have died and millions have been injured over the past two centuries as a result of tropical storms. Bangladesh is especially vulnerable to tropical cyclones, with around 718 000 deaths from them in the past 50 years. However, cyclone-related mortality in Bangladesh has declined by more than 100-fold over the past 40 years, from 500 000 deaths in 1970 to 4234 in 2007. The main factors responsible for these reduced fatalities and injuries are improved defensive measures, including early warning systems, cyclone shelters, evacuation plans, coastal embankments, reforestation schemes and increased awareness and communication. Although warning systems have been improved, evacuation before a cyclone remains a challenge, with major problems caused by illiteracy, lack of awareness and poor communication. Despite the potential risks of climate change and tropical storms, little empirical knowledge exists on how to develop effective strategies to reduce or mitigate the effects of cyclones. This paper summarizes the most recent data and outlines the strategy adopted in Bangladesh. It offers guidance on how similar strategies can be adopted by other countries vulnerable to tropical storms. Further research is needed to enable countries to limit the risks that cyclones present to public health.

Tropical storms, such as cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, present major threats to coastal communities. Around two million people worldwide have died and millions have been injured over the past two centuries as a result of tropical storms. Bangladesh is especially vulnerable to tropical cyclones, with around 718 000 deaths from them in the past 50 years. However, cyclone-related mortality in Bangladesh has declined by more than 100-fold over the past 40 years, from 500 000 deaths in 1970 to 4234 in 2007. The main factors responsible for these reduced fatalities and injuries are improved defensive measures, including early warning systems, cyclone shelters, evacuation plans, coastal embankments, reforestation schemes and increased awareness and communication. Although warning systems have been improved, evacuation before a cyclone remains a challenge, with major problems caused by illiteracy, lack of awareness and poor communication. Despite the potential risks of climate change and tropical storms, little empirical knowledge exists on how to develop effective strategies to reduce or mitigate the effects of cyclones. This paper summarizes the most recent data and outlines the strategy adopted in Bangladesh. It offers guidance on how similar strategies can be adopted by other countries vulnerable to tropical storms. Further research is needed to enable countries to limit the risks that cyclones present to public health.

Tropical storms, such as cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, present major threats to coastal communities. Around two million people worldwide have died and millions have been injured over the past two centuries as a result of tropical storms. Bangladesh is especially vulnerable to tropical cyclones, with around 718 000 deaths from them in the past 50 years. However, cyclone-related mortality in Bangladesh has declined by more than 100-fold over the past 40 years, from 500 000 deaths in 1970 to 4234 in 2007. The main factors responsible for these reduced fatalities and injuries are improved defensive measures, including early warning systems, cyclone shelters, evacuation plans, coastal embankments, reforestation schemes and increased awareness and communication. Although warning systems have been improved, evacuation before a cyclone remains a challenge, with major problems caused by illiteracy, lack of awareness and poor communication. Despite the potential risks of climate change and tropical storms, little empirical knowledge exists on how to develop effective strategies to reduce or mitigate the effects of cyclones. This paper summarizes the most recent data and outlines the strategy adopted in Bangladesh. It offers guidance on how similar strategies can be adopted by other countries vulnerable to tropical storms. Further research is needed to enable countries to limit the risks that cyclones present to public health.

Developing a competitive product with significant economic advantages presents a formidable challenge in today’s business landscape. Organizations can overcome the challenge by employing the House of Quality (HOQ), a well-established product modification and development methodology. This paper endeavors to investigate the pragmatic utilization of the House of Quality in augmenting customer satisfaction and optimizing product development procedures. It seeks to integrate QFD methodologies within strategic planning frameworks to effectively address customer needs and foster innovation in product development endeavors. Market surveys were conducted to align the product design with customer demands and ascertain the primary and latent needs of the target users. The paper examines the relevance of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) as a dynamic tool for identifying necessary modifications for newly developed products. The paper addresses potential data collection and decision-making challenges and provides valuable recommendations to overcome these obstacles. Based on user feedback, the study identifies crucial sensory requirements, such as defect-free performance (18%), product durability (14%), and the need for additional space (12%) to accommodate more significant food portions. The glass-plate model underwent material and design modifications to fulfil these needs and enhance user satisfaction.

The k -essence emergent Reissner–Nordstrom–de Sitter spacetime has exactly mapped on to the Robinson–Trautman (RT)-type spacetime with cosmological constant Λ for certain configuration of k -essence scalar field. Theoretically, we evaluated that the thermodynamical quantities for the RT-type emergent black hole is different from the usual one in the presence of kinetic energy of the k -essence scalar field i.e., the dark energy density. We restrict ourselves into the fact that the dark energy density ( K ) is to be unity, then the effective temperature and pressure both are negative for the RT-type emergent black hole which implies that the system is thermodynamically unstable when the charge Q ≠ 0 , and the emergent spacetime is only dark energy dominated, and it does not radiate when Q = 0 . The thermodynamically unstable situation is physically plausible only when we consider spin degrees of freedom of a system. We have made this analysis in the context of dark energy in an emergent gravity scenario having k -essence scalar fields ϕ with a Dirac–Born–Infeld-type Lagrangian. The scalar field also satisfies the emergent equation of motion at r → ∞ .

Goldsmithing is an ancient craft in India and has been a prominent cottage industry for generations. Goldsmith workers are skilled in working with various metals, not just gold. Over the years, Indian goldsmiths have dedicatedly pursued their craft under challenging conditions, often sitting in a cross-legged position for extended periods. Unfortunately, these dedicated workers face the negative consequences of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which encompass a range of injuries and disorders affecting different parts of the body, such as muscles, nerves, connective tissues, ligaments, joints, and the spinal canal. The prevalence of MSDs among goldsmiths is a significant concern as it affects their well-being and overall productivity in the gold industry. To address this issue, this study aims to assess the postural condition of goldsmith workers. The researchers use the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Upper Body Assessment (REBA) methods to evaluate the work postures, nature of work, stress levels, and discomfort experienced by the workers. Additionally, direct interviews using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaires and analyzed data through digital photography and video records have been conducted to apply the REBA and RULA methods. The findings of this investigation reveal that goldsmith workers often adopt uncomfortable postures during their daily work processes, which need to be addressed immediately and changed for their benefit.

For a particular type of {\\bf k-}essence scalar field, the {\\bf k-}essence emergent gravity metric is exactly mapped on to the Barriola-Vilenkin (BV) type metric for Schwarzschild background established by Gangopadhyay and Manna. Based on the S. Chandrasekhar, we report the exciting features of the time-like geodesic structure in the presence of dark energy in an emergent gravity scenario for this Barriola-Vilenkin type metric. We trace the different kinds of trajectories for time-like geodesic in the presence of dark energy for the {\\bf k-}essence emergent Barriola-Vilenkin spacetime, which is same as the Schwarzchild spacetime in view of the basic orientation, but the allowed ranges of the aphelion and perihelion distances are much more different. The bound and unbound orbits are plotted for a fixed value of the dark energy density.

The {\\bf k-}essence emergent Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter spacetime has exactly mapped on to the Robinson-Trautman (RT) type spacetime with cosmological constant \\(\\L\\) for certain configuration of {\\bf k-}essence scalar field. Theoretically, we evaluated that the thermodynamical quantities for the RT type emergent black hole is different from the usual one in the presence of kinetic energy of the {\\bf k-}essence scalar field i.e., the dark energy density. We restrict ourselves into the fact that the dark energy density (K) is to be unity, then the effective temperature and pressure both are negative for the RT type emergent black hole which implies that the system is thermodynamically unstable when the charge \\(Q\\neq 0\\) and the emergent spacetime is only dark energy dominated and it does not radiate when \\(Q=0\\). The thermodynamically unstable situation is physically plausible only when we consider spin degrees of freedom of a system. We have made this analysis in the context of dark energy in an emergent gravity scenario having {\\bf k-}essence scalar fields \\(\\phi\\) with a Dirac-Born-Infeld type lagrangian. The scalar field also satisfies the emergent equation of motion at \\(r\\rightarrow\\infty\\).