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"Das, P."
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Silencing NOTCH signaling causes growth arrest in both breast cancer stem cells and breast cancer cells
Background:
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are characterized by high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity and are refractory to current treatment modalities, show a higher risk for metastasis, and influence the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to a shorter time to recurrence and death. In this study, we focused on examination of the mechanism of action of a small herbal molecule, psoralidin (Pso) that has been shown to effectively suppress the growth of BSCSs and breast cancer cells (BCCs), in breast cancer (BC) models.
Methods:
ALDH
−
and ALDH
+
BCCs were isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells, and the anticancer effects of Pso were measured using cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, invasion, migration, mammosphere formation, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis.
Results:
Psoralidin significantly downregulated NOTCH1 signaling, and this downregulation resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in both ALDH
−
and ALDH
+
cells. Molecularly, Pso inhibited NOTCH1 signaling, which facilitated inhibition of EMT markers (
β
-catenin and vimentin) and upregulated E-cadherin expression, resulting in reduced migration and invasion of both ALDH
−
and ALDH
+
cells.
Conclusion:
Together, our results suggest that inhibition of NOTCH1 by Pso resulted in growth arrest and inhibition of EMT in BCSCs and BCCs. Psoralidin appears to be a novel agent that targets both BCSCs and BCCs.
Journal Article
Mutations inhibiting KDM4B drive ALT activation in ATRX-mutated glioblastomas
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance pathway utilised in 15% of cancers. ALT cancers are strongly associated with inactivating mutations in
ATRX
; yet loss of ATRX alone is insufficient to trigger ALT, suggesting that additional cooperating factors are involved. We identify H3.3
G34R
and IDH1/2 mutations as two such factors in ATRX-mutated glioblastomas. Both mutations are capable of inactivating histone demethylases, and we identify KDM4B as the key demethylase inactivated in ALT. Mouse embryonic stem cells inactivated for ATRX, TP53, TERT and KDM4B (KDM4B knockout or H3.3
G34R
) show characteristic features of ALT. Conversely, KDM4B over-expression in ALT cancer cells abrogates ALT-associated features. In this work, we demonstrate that inactivation of KDM4B, through H3.3
G34R
or IDH1/2 mutations, acts in tandem with ATRX mutations to promote ALT in glioblastomas.
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance pathway utilised in 15% of cancers that have been associated with mutations in ATRX. Here the authors reveal a functional role of histone demethylases KDM4B in regulating ALT activation.
Journal Article
Exact smooth and nonsmooth solutions for integro-partial differential equations by rapidly convergent approximation method
We investigate a general class of second-order integro–ordinary-differential equations with arbitrary-power nonlinear terms, which can be used as a mathematical model for a variety of important physical areas in mathematics, mathematical physics, and applied sciences. The exact smooth and nonsmooth solutions of the aforementioned integro–differential equation in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric function are obtained here for the first time using the rapidly convergent approximation method. The prerequisites for the existence of such solutions are outlined in a theorem. Additionally, a few theorems are presented that contain the conditions under which our derived nonsmooth solution can be viewed as a weak solution. Using the aforementioned results, we obtain exact smooth and nonsmooth solutions of the following nonlinear integro-partial differential equations: the
-dimensional integro–differential Ito equation, the
-dimensional Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation, and the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation.
Journal Article
Strong cooperative coupling of pressure-induced magnetic order and nematicity in FeSe
A hallmark of the iron-based superconductors is the strong coupling between magnetic, structural and electronic degrees of freedom. However, a universal picture of the normal state properties of these compounds has been confounded by recent investigations of FeSe where the nematic (structural) and magnetic transitions appear to be decoupled. Here, using synchrotron-based high-energy x-ray diffraction and time-domain Mössbauer spectroscopy, we show that nematicity and magnetism in FeSe under applied pressure are indeed strongly coupled. Distinct structural and magnetic transitions are observed for pressures between 1.0 and 1.7 GPa and merge into a single first-order transition for pressures ≳1.7 GPa, reminiscent of what has been found for the evolution of these transitions in the prototypical system Ba(Fe
1−
x
Co
x
)
2
As
2
. Our results are consistent with a spin-driven mechanism for nematic order in FeSe and provide an important step towards a universal description of the normal state properties of the iron-based superconductors.
Whilst strong coupling between structure and magnetism is a signature of many of the Fe-based superconductors, no evidence for this has been reported in the normal state of FeSe. Here, the authors demonstrate strong coupling between nematicity and magnetism in FeSe under applied pressure.
Journal Article
Probiotics in fish and shellfish culture: immunomodulatory and ecophysiological responses
Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most viable and promising enterprises for keeping pace with the surging need for animal protein, providing nutritional and food security to humans, particularly those residing in regions where livestock is relatively scarce. With every step toward intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in the stress level in the animal as well as the environment. Hence, disease outbreak is being increasingly recognized as one of the most important constraints to aquaculture production in many countries, including India. Conventionally, the disease control in aquaculture has relied on the use of chemical compounds and antibiotics. The development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. Consequently, with the emerging need for environmentally friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. In recent years, probiotics have taken center stage and are being used as an unconventional approach that has numerous beneficial effects in fish and shellfish culture: improved activity of gastrointestinal microbiota and enhanced immune status, disease resistance, survival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products, probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Therefore, comprehensive research to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of prominent fish species, mechanisms of action of probiotics and their effects on the intestinal ecosystem, immunity, fish health and performance is reasonable. This review highlights the classifications and applications of probiotics in aquaculture. The review also summarizes the advancement and research highlights of the probiotic status and mode of action, which are of great significance from an ecofriendly, sustainable, intensive aquaculture point of view.
Journal Article
From Rainfall to Rumors: Interpreting the 2024 Bangladesh Floods Through Numbers, Narratives, and Information Gaps
When severe floods struck southeastern Bangladesh in August 2024, competing explanations emerged. Meteorological analysis revealed that extreme precipitation was exacerbated by the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and jet stream dynamics. However, alternative narratives proliferated on social media, particularly claims that India deliberately released water from upstream dams. This study synthesizes hydrometeorological data and social media analysis to examine the divergence between scientific evidence and social narratives. Despite hydrometeorological explanations, misinformation attributing floods to intentional dam releases gained traction because it aligned with existing sentiments in Bangladesh. While these narratives did not appear to materially impact disaster response in 2024, similar patterns elsewhere demonstrate the potential harm. Effective flood management requires aligning scientific data with narratives that motivate collective action. We argue that both India and Bangladesh face mutual vulnerabilities that give misinformation its power but can also facilitate cooperation. Drawing on the water diplomacy literature, we propose a pilot flood early warning initiative on the Feni and Gomati rivers, combining data sharing with community‐based outreach through locally trusted individuals and institutions, as a practical first step toward strengthening transboundary flood preparedness, countering divisive misinformation, and achieving a flood‐resilient system.
Journal Article
Evaluation of Phenotypic Responses of Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Hexavalent Chromium Stress in Soil
The current work is designed to search for suitable rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars capable of growing on Cr(VI), hexavalent chromium contaminated soils. The study of tolerance and phenotypical changes of three selected rice cultivars like Bina Dhan 11, Kalachampa, and Pratikshya, at the seedling stages, was done under soil Cr(VI) concentrations up to 300 mg.kg-1 of soil. The 7-day seedlings of these rice cultivars growing on Cr(VI) treated soils were found to exhibit a significant reduction in shoot and root growth at p ≤ 0.05. The experimental results support that 7-day seedlings of Bina Dhan 11 were found to be the best among the three cultivars under soil Cr(VI) stress conditions. The present work may help in selecting suitable rice cultivar for paddy cultivation on Cr(VI) contaminated crop lands present in mining and industrial belts. Further work on this aspect may be useful in increasing rice productivity, catering to the increase in demand for food.
Publication
Establishing gene Amelogenin as sex-specific marker in yak by genomic approach
Yak, an economically important bovine species considered as lifeline of the Himalaya. Indeed, this gigantic bovine is neglected because of the scientific intervention for its conservation as well as research documentation for a long time. Amelogenin is an essential protein for tooth enamel which eutherian mammals contain two copies in both X and Y chromosome each. In bovine, the deletion of a fragment of the nucleotide sequence in Y chromosome copy of exon 6 made Amelogenin an excellent sex-specific marker. Thus, an attempt was made to use the gene as an advanced molecular marker of sexing of the yak to improve breeding strategies and reproduction. The present study confirmed that the polymerase chain reaction amplification of the Amelogenin gene with a unique primer is useful in sex identification of the yak. The test is further refined with qPCR validation by quantifying the DNA copy number of the Amelogenin gene in male and female. We observed a high level of sequence polymorphisms of AMELX and AMELY in yak considered as novel identification. These tests can be further extended into several other specialized fields including forensics, meat production and processing, and quality control.
Journal Article
Reactive syringofibroadenoma
A 45-year-old diabetic and hypertensive man from Bihar presented with multiple, asymptomatic, elevated lesions on his right foot that developed over a period of 6 months. The lesions started developing gradually after auto-amputation of toes and have been increasing in size and thickness since then. He was treated with multi-drug therapy for Hansen's disease, 8 years before presenting to us. The further course was uneventful until he started developing auto-amputation of the toes of his right foot and he lost all of them over a period of 2 years. Cutaneous examination showed multiple, firm, slightly erythematous plaques and nodules having smooth surface, without any scaling or verrucosity, present over the distal aspect and dorsum of the right foot [Figure - 1].
Journal Article