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Keratinocyte growth factor stimulates the growth and activity of epithelial cells via the keratinocyte growth factor receptor. We have recently shown that the growth factor is markedly elevated in cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia tissue in vivo, but the effects of cyclosporin A on the receptor are not yet known. The present study was therefore carried out to determine whether expression of the keratinocyte growth factor receptor is up-regulated in gingival hyperplasia compared with normal gingiva. Using immunohistochemistry and the reverse-transcribed polymerase chain-reaction, we obtained results which showed that receptor antigen and gene transcript levels were both elevated in gingival hyperplasia tissue. In addition, flow cytometry and the reverse-transcribed polymerase chain-reaction showed that the receptor and mRNA were also higher in gingival epithelial cells following incubation with cyclosporin A in vitro. These findings suggest that the keratinocyte growth factor-receptor pathway of mesenchymal-epithelial interaction could play an important part in the molecular pathogenesis of gingival hyperplasia.

Abstract The pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s NN $$ \\sqrt{{\\textrm{s}}_{\\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 200 GeV is measured using data collected by the sPHENIX detector. Charged hadron yields are extracted by counting cluster pairs in the inner and outer layers of the Intermediate Silicon Tracker, with corrections applied for detector acceptance, reconstruction efficiency, combinatorial pairs, and contributions from secondary decays. The measured distributions cover |η| < 1.1 across various centralities, and the average pseudorapidity density of charged hadrons at mid-rapidity is compared to predictions from Monte Carlo heavy-ion event generators. This result, featuring full azimuthal coverage at mid-rapidity, is consistent with previous experimental measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, thereby supporting the broader sPHENIX physics program.

Problem-based learning (PBL) educational settings are design studios for reflection on group dynamics perceptions. Most PBL studies report aspects related to cognitive skills and very little attention has been given to the development of group-related skills. This study reports on students' and faculty perceptions of group dynamics. A questionnaire was used to collect data from students following completion of each of four PBL themes. Data from tutors was collected using a more open-ended format. Feedback and discussions post-PBL themes offered reflective opportunities for groups. Differences were noted in what students and tutors perceived as important, demonstrating a faculty-student gap. The female students stated important aspects to be areas which facilitated their learning and exam success, whereas for the males, of importance was an environment conducive to participation by all. Further, gender differences were demonstrated in interpretation of over 50% of items, with highly significant differences between males and females ( p 0.001), in just under 25% of items.

Das and Richards conducted a questionnaire survey to find out patients' views and perceptions of surgical intervention and pre-operative counseling. Seventy-eight per cent of the patients wished to know all the details of their operation and attendant complications.

At the end of the rally, a memorandum signed by the Archbishop of Delhi and President of CBCI, Alan de Lastic, Chairman of CBCI Commission for Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Backward Classes (BC) and Bishop of Vellore, A.M. Chinnapa, Church of North India (CNI) Bishop of Delhi, Karam Masih, and Convenor of Human Rights Rally, Mr Jenis Francis, was submitted by a four member team to the Prime Minister, the President, and the Union Home Minister. Since we were socially marginalised, we needed to fall back on some other institution for support. According to the then President's secretary Dr H.C. Mukherjee: as far as educational and economic facilities to the backward classes are concerned it is not the intention of the government of India that there should be any differentiation on grounds of religion or caste. According to 1995 figures, the Christian dalits form sixty per cent of the total Christian population in India, which amounts to 1.3% of the total Indian population, and 8% of the total dalit population in India.

Sir,--The sudden and untimely death of Mr. Prakash Veer Shastri, MP, in the recent, rail accident has created a void in the political social, cultural, educational and intellectual life of the country. He was an eminent parliamentarian, prolific writer, a forceful...

Focuses on perceptions of students and tutors involved in a new PBL programme. Data were collected in English and Arabic. Gender differences in students' behaviour within groups were highlighted with significant differences between males and females in 2 areas. (Original abstract - amended)