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Recently, it has been realized that indistinguishability is a resource for quantum information processing. A new method to represent the indistinguishable particles by Franco et al. (Sci Rep 6:20603, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20603 ) and measure the concurrence is developed by Nosrati et al. (npj Quantum Inf 6:39, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-020-0271-7 ). The monogamy property says that quantum entanglement cannot be shared freely between more than two particles. For three distinguishable particles, the monogamy of entanglement was first expressed as an inequality using squared concurrence where each particle has a single degree of freedom (for pure or mixed states). Using multiple degrees of freedom, similar inequality was shown to be held between two distinguishable particles. However, for two indistinguishable particles, where each particle cannot be addressed individually, the monogamy inequality was shown to be violated maximally for a specific state. Thus a question naturally arises: what happens to the monogamy of entanglement in the case of three or more indistinguishable particles? We prove that monogamy holds in this scenario and the inequality becomes equality for all pure indistinguishable states. Further, we provide three major operational meanings of our result. Finally, we present an experimental schematic using photons to observe our result.

Understanding the common topological characteristics of the human brain network across a population is central to understanding brain functions. The abstraction of human connectome as a graph has been pivotal in gaining insights on the topological properties of the brain network. The development of group-level statistical inference procedures in brain graphs while accounting for the heterogeneity and randomness still remains a difficult task. In this study, we develop a robust statistical framework based on persistent homology using the order statistics for analyzing brain networks. The use of order statistics greatly simplifies the computation of the persistent barcodes. We validate the proposed methods using comprehensive simulation studies and subsequently apply to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance images. We found a statistically significant topological difference between the male and female brain networks.

A novel switching pulse generation methodology based on adaptive fuzzy hysteresis current controlled hybrid shunt active power filter (A-F-HCC-HSAPF) is presented in this paper for compensating reactive power and harmonics in distribution network. The harmonic problems are mainly evolved because of extensive use of nonlinear loads in industry and domestic sectors. There are some adverse effects of harmonics such as: malfunctioning of sensitive equipment, resonance issues, conductors heating, power losses and reduced efficiency in distribution system. To mitigate harmonics issues passive, filters are used but when the harmonic component increases the design of passive filters is complex and becomes bulky. With the advancement in power electronic, the active power filter has been designed. Generally, the rating of the active filter is very high for some applications; hence hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF) is proposed by low-rated shunt active power filter (SAPF) and low-cost shunt passive filter. Proportional-integral or fuzzy logic controller is used to estimate the reference current and to regulate the dc capacitor voltage. To generate the switching pulse for the voltage source inverter of the SAPF, a novel adaptive fuzzy hysteresis current controller (A-F-HCC) is adopted. The performance of the proposed A-F-HCC-HSAPF is investigated during steady-state and transient conditions using MATLAB/Simulink and real-time environments.

The electric vehicle (EV) market is experiencing significant and widespread growth across numerous countries. Electric vehicles fitted with solar PV systems have the potential to emit fewer emissions than conventional electric vehicles charged by the utility grid. Therefore, one viable approach to sustainable growth in the electric car sector is integrating solar power with electric vehicle charging stations. Electric vehicles (EVs) have seen significant expansion in metropolitan regions of India in recent years. The proposed study is conducted on four metro cities in India. Climatic conditions and overall weather conditions have been studied. Technical designs of grid-tied highway charging stations have been prepared and grid power costing have been calculated and finally, payback calculations are calculated for each city separately under different climatic conditions. Finally, this project highlights a comparative cost analysis of the consumption of PV electricity rate of $0.029 per kWh, rather than the grid rate of $0.080 per kWh, indicating considerable energy cost reductions which are achievable through the PV system for decades and calculating payback analysis depending on the different geographical locations.

Worldwide contamination of waters by metals, metalloids, and organometallic pollutants is a major health issue. In particular, the occurrence of the selenium metalloid at rather high concentrations in the environment, especially in the water compartment, is of increasing concern, notably in developing countries. Selenium is difficult to remove from groundwater and industrial effluents because selenium is often present in complex polycontaminated mixtures, thus inducing competition issues with other anions. Moreover, the efficiency of remediation methods depends on selenium speciation and water parameters, e.g. pH and concentration of competing anions. Here, we review methods for selenium removal from water, wastewater, and industrial effluents. Technologies are based on zero-valent iron, iron-oxy-hydroxides, supported materials, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, chitosan-enhanced ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, and activated granular sludge.

Background: Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), one of the phenotypes of asthma that is characterized by elevated blood eosinophil counts, is a common cause of uncontrolled asthma. Patients with SEA often experience severe persistent symptoms and have frequent exacerbations despite optimal inhaler therapy. They also have poor lung function and quality of life (QoL). Benralizumab (Fasenra), a monoclonal antibody, has been approved for managing cases of SEA. This series of six cases, the first of its kind from India, aims to add to the real-world evidence of benralizumab in India. Methods: Benralizumab 30 mg (once in four weeks for the first three doses followed by a dose every eight weeks for two years) was administered in six patients with symptoms of cough, breathlessness on exertion, and wheezing, diagnosed with SEA. The following were the endpoints assessed: (i) overlap between high immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilic asthma; (ii) reduction of exacerbations; (iii) withdrawal of oral corticosteroids; and (iv) improvement in lung function and QoL. Results: In all cases, management with benralizumab resulted in optimal clinical and functional improvement, a decline in systemic steroid use, and improved QoL. Conclusions: The cases presented here are the first of their kind in the Indian asthmatic population with all SEA patients demonstrating significant improvement in symptoms with the use of benralizumab.

Power quality (PQ) has become an important topic in today’s power system scenario. PQ issues are raised not only in normal three-phase systems but also with the incorporation of different distributed generations (DGs), including renewable energy sources, storage systems, and other systems like diesel generators, fuel cells, etc. The prevalence of these issues comes from the non-linear features and rapid changing of power electronics devices, such as switch-mode converters for adjustable speed drives and diode or thyristor rectifiers. The wide use of these fast switching devices in the utility system leads to an increase in disturbances associated with harmonics and reactive power. The occurrence of PQ disturbances in turn creates several unwanted effects on the utility system. Therefore, many researchers are working on the enhancement of PQ using different custom power devices (CPDs). In this work, the authors highlight the significance of the PQ in the utility network, its effect, and its solution, using different CPDs, such as passive, active, and hybrid filters. Further, the authors point out several compensation strategies, including reference signal generation and gating signal strategies. In addition, this paper also presents the role of the active power filter (APF) in different DG systems. Some technical and economic considerations and future developments are also discussed in this literature. For easy reference, a volume of journals of more than 140 publications on this particular subject is reported. The effectiveness of this research work will boost researchers’ ability to select proper control methodology and compensation strategy for various applications of APFs for improving PQ.

Background: For appropriate management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), it is important to detect irregular red cell antibody in the antenatal period. Though it is a simple one-step method, it is not part of routine antenatal screening in many developing countries. To reiterate the importance of antenatal antibody screening, we have assessed the frequency and clinical significance of irregular red cell antibodies in our patient population. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out from October 2013 to May 2015 at a tertiary care center from south India. All antenatal samples received by the laboratory for red cell antibody screening were screened using a commercial three-cell screening panel. Antibody identification along with further Immunohematological techniques as required were performed for cases with positive screening results. Neonates of the alloimmunized cases were followed up to determine the clinical significance of the antibody. Results: A total of 2336 antenatal mothers were screened for red cell antibodies. The overall rate of alloimmunization in the study group was 2.27%. Alloimmunization rate among RhD-negative pregnancies was 6.9%. Other than anti-D (49%), we identified anti-D + anti-C (5%), anti-G (5%), anti-c (5%), anti-E (2%), anti-e (2%), anti-H (Bombay phenotype) (7%), anti-M (2%), anti-Lea (2%), anti-Leb (12%), and autoantibodies (9%) in the maternal serum. Anti-D, anti-D + anti-C, anti-G, anti-c, and anti-H were found to be clinically significant in this study. Conclusion: This study showed that 1 in 125 RhD-positive pregnancies can develop red cell alloantibodies. Hence, implementing routine antenatal antibody screening irrespective of RhD status is essential.

Changes in water quality and environmental factors have been reported to play key roles on the health and disease susceptibility of the ornamental fish Xiphophorus hellerii (sword tail). This can further be decided by the natural distribution of pathogens with enhanced virulence properties in the aquatic system. As Aeromonas spp. are the major fish pathogens, a detailed analysis on its association with the disease of X.hellerii was conducted in the study. Here, bacterial isolation has been carried out from the surface, gill and intestine of diseased fish, and also from water samples. The twelve bacterial isolates obtained were identified biochemically and also by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Aeromonas spp.. Among the various virulence properties screened by in vitro and PCR-based methods, most of the Aeromonas spp. were found to be positive for multiple virulence properties. Further disease challenge using the highly virulent Aeromonas veronii XhG1.2 in X. hellerii showed remarkable histopathological changes of the gill, liver, and intestine in the treated fish. This confirmed the hyper -pathogenic potential of XhG1.2 as the disease occurred within a short period of 24 h. The identification of broad range of virulence factors among the fish pathogenic bacterial isolates of aquatic environment indicates the need for periodic screening to predict the threat to aquatic life especially fish.

Power quality (PQ) issues are significant in inverter‐fed distributed generation system with non‐linear loads which degrades the performance of the consumer equipments and the power system itself. Therefore, this work presents an improved photovoltaic (PV) coupled hybrid filter for the improvement in PQ in an active distribution system. A shunt hybrid active filter (SHAF) integrated with PV is designed with the help of an advanced signal processing approach called dual tree‐complex wavelet transform (DT‐CWT) for extracting the frequency information in the voltage and current due to the PQ disturbances. For calculating the reference current and switching signals, zero attracting least mean square (ZA‐LMS) is considered in the hybrid filter and adaptive perturb and observe‐fuzzy algorithm is proposed for maximum power point tracking in PV system to improve the performance under different operating conditions. The system model using the proposed technique is developed in MATLAB/Simulink and real‐time experimental set up using two different controllers, i.e. the conventional proportional‐integral (PI) and fuzzy‐PI controllers. The results on comparison illustrates better performance of the proposed ZA‐LMS and DT‐CWT with fuzzy‐PI based SHAF technique for PQ improvements with respect to that of LMS/normalised LMS with PI/fuzzy‐PI based SHAF under different operating scenarios.