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2 result(s) for "Dascal, Mario"
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Charcot arthropathy outcomes after early referral to a regional tertiary care foot clinic
Community physicians may not encounter Charcot arthropathy frequently, and its symptoms and signs may be nonspecific. Patients often have a delay of several months before receiving a formal diagnosis and referral for specialty care. However, limited Canadian data are available. We evaluated the clinical history, treatment and outcomes of patients treated for Charcot arthropathy after prompt referral and diagnosis. We performed a retrospective chart review of 76 patients with diabetes (78 feet) who received nonoperative treatment for Charcot arthropathy in a specialty foot clinic between Jan. 20, 2009, and Mar. 26, 2018. Patients were referred to the foot clinic by community physicians for evaluation or were pre-existing patients at the foot clinic with new-onset Charcot arthropathy. Of the 78 feet included in our analyses, 52 feet (67%) were evaluated initially by a community physician and referred to the foot clinic, where they were seen within 3 ± 5 weeks. The remaining 26 feet (33%) were already being treated at the foot clinic. Most feet had swelling, erythema, warmth, a palpable pulse and loss of protective sensation. Ulcers were present initially in 23 feet (29%). Sixty-four feet (82%) with Charcot arthropathy were in Eichenholtz classification stage 1 and most had midfoot involvement. Nonoperative treatment included total contact casting (60 feet, 77%). Mean duration of nonoperative treatment until resolution for 55 feet (71%) was 6 ± 5 months. Surgery was performed on 20 feet (26%) for the treatment of infection and recurrent ulcer associated with deformity, including 6 (8%) lower limb amputations. Charcot arthropathy may resolve in most feet with early referral and nonoperative treatment, but remains a limb-threatening condition. Les médecins en milieu communautaire risquent peu de voir des cas d’arthropathie de Charcot, dont les signes et symptômes sont parfois non spécifiques. Souvent, les malades attendant des mois avant d’obtenir un diagnostic formel et d’être mis en contact avec des spécialistes. Toutefois, on dispose de peu de données canadiennes. Nous avons voulu explorer l’évolution clinique, le traitement et l’issue de la maladie chez les malades traités pour l’arthropathie de Charcot après une consultation et un diagnostics rapides. Nous avons procédé à une revue rétrospective des dossiers de 76 personnes diabétiques (78 pieds) ayant bénéficié d’un traitement non chirurgical pour l’arthropathie de Charcot dans une clinique du pied entre le 20 janvier 2009 et le 26 mars 2018. Ce sont les médecins en milieu communautaire qui avaient adressé leurs malades à la clinique du pied pour évaluation ou alors, il s’agissait de patients déjà suivis à la clinique du pied qui présentaient une arthropathie de Charcot de novo. Parmi les 78 pieds inclus dans nos analyses, 52 (67 %) ont d’abord été examinés par un médecin en milieu communautaire, puis ont fait l’objet d’une demande consultation à la clinique du pied, consultation qui a été réalisée en l’espace de 3 ± 5 semaines. Les 26 autres pieds (33 %) étaient déjà traités à la clinique du pied. La plupart des pieds présentaient enflure, érythème, chaleur, pouls palpable et perte de sensibilité protectrice. Des ulcères s’observaient initialement sur 23 pieds (29 %). Soixante-quatre pieds (82 %) touchés par l’arthropathie de Charcot se trouvaient au stade 1 de la classification d’Eichenholtz et la majorité présentaient une atteinte au milieu du pied. Le traitement non chirurgical reposait sur l’immobilisation et la décharge au moyen d’un plâtre à contact total (60 pieds, 77 %). La durée moyenne du traitement non chirurgical jusqu’à résolution pour 55 pieds (71 %) a été de 6 ± 5 mois. Vingt pieds (26 %) ont été opérés pour le traitement d’une infection et une récurrence d’ulcère associé à la difformité, incluant 6 amputations (8 %) au membre inférieur. L’arthropathie de Charcot peut rentrer dans l’ordre la plupart du temps moyennant une consultation et un traitement non chirurgical rapides, mais reste une maladie qui peut menacer la survie du membre affecté.
High Rates of Forward Transmission Events after Acute/Early HIV-1 Infection
Background. A population-based phylogenetic approach was used to characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—transmission dynamics in Quebec. Methods. HIV-1 pol sequences included primary HIV infections (PHIs; <6 months after seroconversion) from the Quebec PHI cohort (1998–2005; n = 215) and the provincial genotyping program (2001–2005; n = 481). Phylogenetic analysis determined sequence interrelationships among unique PHIs (n = 593) and infections from untreated (n = 135) and treated (n = 660) chronically infected (CI) potential transmitter populations (2001–2005). Clinical features, risk factors, and drug resistance for clustered and nonclustered transmission events were ascertained. Results. Viruses from 49.4% (293/593) of PHIs cosegregated into 75 transmission chains with 2–17 transmissions/cluster. Half of the clusters included 2.7 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD) transmissions, whereas the remainder had 8.8 ± 3.5 transmissions. Maximum periods for onward transmission in clusters were 15.2 ± 9.5 months. Coclustering of untreated and treated CIs with PHIs were infrequent (6.2% and 4.8%, respectively). The ages, viremia, and risk factors were similar for clustered and nonclustered transmission events. Low prevalence of drug resistance in PHI supported amplified transmissions at early stages. Conclusions. Early infection accounts for approximately half of onward transmissions in this urban North American study. Therapy at early stages of disease may prevent onward HIV transmission.