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Background Venous thromboembolism is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. The postpartum period is a time of particularly increased risk. International guidelines provide recommendations for when a woman should be offered thromboembolism prophylaxis, however they differ greatly in their criteria as to which women qualify for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The aim of this study was to determine the most common risk factors for women being recommended LMWH and compare the proportion of women who would qualify for postpartum LMWH according to four international guidelines. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study evaluated rates of postpartum LMWH prophylaxis by applying guideline recommendations from the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) and the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ). Demographic, medical and obstetric risk factors for venous thromboembolism were identified for individual women from one regional and two tertiary maternity hospitals in New South Wales, Australia between February and October 2022. Results A total of 338 women were included in the analyses. By applying RCOG guidelines, 53.6% of women would have qualified for postpartum LMWH compared with 40.2% of women using SOMANZ guidelines, 37.3% using SOGC guidelines, and 8.3% using ACCP guidelines. The most common risk factors were caesarean birth, maternal age greater than 35 years, body mass index above 30 kg/m 2 and instrumental birth. Conclusions There are considerable differences in the rates of women receiving postpartum pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis when recommendations from different international guidelines are applied. These differences reflect the wide variation in guideline recommendations for the use of LMWH following birth.

Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) is a leading cause of cancer deaths, with reports indicating a rising trend in the incidence rate of melanoma among Hispanics in certain U.S. states. The level of melanin pigmentation in the skin is suggested to render photoprotection from the DNA-damaging effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR). UVR-induced DNA damage leads to cytogenetic defects visualized as the formation of micronuclei, multinuclei and polymorphic nuclei in cells, and a hallmark of cancer risk. The causative relationship between Sun exposure and CM is controversial, especially in Hispanics and needs further evaluation. This study was initiated with melanocytes from White, Hispanic and Black neonatal foreskins which were exposed to UVR to assess their susceptibility to UVR-induced modulation of cellular growth, cytogenetic damage, intracellular and released melanin. Our results show that White and Hispanic skin melanocytes with similar levels of constitutive melanin are susceptible to UVR-induced cytogenetic damage, whereas Black skin melanocytes are not. Our data suggest that the risk of developing UVR-induced CM in a skin type is correlated with the level of cutaneous pigmentation and its ethnic background. This study provides a benchmark for further investigation on the damaging effects of UVR as risk for CM in Hispanics.

The black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis transmits the human anaplasmosis agent, Anaplasma phagocytophilum . In this study, we show that A. phagocytophilum specifically up-regulates I. scapularis organic anion transporting polypeptide, isoatp4056 and kynurenine amino transferase ( kat ), a gene involved in the production of tryptophan metabolite xanthurenic acid (XA), for its survival in ticks. RNAi analysis revealed that knockdown of isoatp4056 expression had no effect on A. phagocytophilum acquisition from the murine host but affected the bacterial survival in tick cells. Knockdown of the expression of kat mRNA alone or in combination with isoatp4056 mRNA significantly affected A. phagocytophilum survival and isoatp4056 expression in tick cells. Exogenous addition of XA induces isoatp4056 expression and A. phagocytophilum burden in both tick salivary glands and tick cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays provide further evidence that A. phagocytophilum and XA influences isoatp4056 expression. Collectively, this study provides important novel information in understanding the interplay between molecular pathways manipulated by a rickettsial pathogen to survive in its arthropod vector.

We surveyed users of a behavioral health helpline serving New York City and surroundings, to assess their helpline experiences, changes in psychological distress after contacting the helpline, and factors associated with differences in these measures. We surveyed users twice: roughly 2 weeks following their helpline contact, from 4/2019 to 9/2019 (N = 1097 respondents) and again 6 months following contact, from 10/2019 to 3/2020 (N = 732 respondents). Eighty-nine percent of respondents reported that contacting the helpline helped them deal a little or a lot more effectively with their problems. Rates of psychological distress decreased from 41.3% 2 weeks following helpline contact to 29.0% 6 months after (P < 0.05). Improvements in psychological distress were found across a range of demographic characteristics and were greatest for repeat users. Users reported broadly positive experiences with the helpline and improved psychological distress 6 months later. Behavioral health helplines can offer beneficial services to diverse populations, complementing the formal behavioral healthcare system.

There are large negative effects of floods on the spatial incidence of poverty. These effects are especially strong in the short term in the immediate aftermath of major floods though there also appear to be longer-term negative effects. However, normal flooding is necessary and beneficial for agriculture, transport and fisheries. The probability of catastrophic flooding in Bangladesh is about once in a decade, and micro-flood-insurance is one important policy tool to mitigate the effects of catastrophic flooding on the poor.

Gaining support from this law the authorities exercise necessary measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, thereby normalising the idea of homes as safe spaces and coercing the public into individual (“private”) dwellings by orchestrating the repressive state apparatuses—levying monetary fines and imprisonment of offenders who jeopardise the health and sanity of the general mass through their activities, in the backdrop of the pandemic. Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his address to the nation before declaring the lockdown referred to the lakshman rekha (a protective line)1 and requested each citizen to create one such line around them and not step out of it. Aiming to secure the inmates of the house, the patriarchs systematically harass the medical professionals in their neighbourhoods, press doctor and nurse family members to discontinue their duty, or force health practitioner tenants to immediately vacate the rented house. The re-emergence of plague every 20 years in London testified the immortality of the problem. [...]the plague did not have a biological or a medical death like smallpox but embraced a social exit.

Here we have examined the association of an aureolic acid antibiotic, chromomycin A3 (CHR), with Cu 2+ . CHR forms a high affinity 2:1 (CHR:Cu 2+ ) complex with dissociation constant of 0.08 × 10 −10  M 2 at 25°C, pH 8.0. The affinity of CHR for Cu 2+ is higher than those for Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ reported earlier from our laboratory. CHR binds preferentially to Cu 2+ in presence of equimolar amount of Zn 2+ . Complex formation between CHR and Cu 2+ is an entropy driven endothermic process. Difference between calorimetric and van’t Hoff enthalpies indicate the presence of multiple equilibria, supported from biphasic nature of the kinetics of association. Circular dichroism spectroscopy show that [(CHR) 2 :Cu 2+ ] complex assumes a structure different from either of the Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ complex reported earlier. Both [(CHR) 2 :Mg 2+ ] and [(CHR) 2 :Zn 2+ ] complexes are known to bind DNA. In contrast, [(CHR) 2 :Cu 2+ ] complex does not interact with double helical DNA, verified by means of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry of its association with calf thymus DNA and the double stranded decamer (5′-CCGGCGCCGG-3′). In order to interact with double helical DNA, the (antibiotic) 2 : metal (Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ) complexes require a isohelical conformation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy shows that the Cu 2+ complex adopts a distorted octahedral structure, which cannot assume the required conformation to bind to the DNA. This report demonstrates the negative effect of a bivalent metal upon the DNA binding property of CHR, which otherwise binds to DNA in presence of metals like Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ . The results also indicate that CHR has a potential for chelation therapy in Cu 2+ accumulation diseases. However cytotoxicity of the antibiotic might restrict the use.

Here we have examined the association of an aureolic acid antibiotic, chromomycin A3 (CHR), with Cu super(2+). CHR forms a high affinity 2:1 (CHR:Cu super(2+)) complex with dissociation constant of 0.08 10 super(-10) M super(2) at 25 degree C, pH 8.0. The affinity of CHR for Cu super(2+) is higher than those for Mg super(2+) and Zn super(2+) reported earlier from our laboratory. CHR binds preferentially to Cu super(2+) in presence of equimolar amount of Zn super(2+). Complex formation between CHR and Cu super(2+) is an entropy driven endothermic process. Difference between calorimetric and van't Hoff enthalpies indicate the presence of multiple equilibria, supported from biphasic nature of the kinetics of association. Circular dichroism spectroscopy show that [(CHR) sub(2):Cu super(2+)] complex assumes a structure different from either of the Mg super(2+) and Zn super(2+) complex reported earlier. Both [(CHR) sub(2):Mg super(2+)] and [(CHR) sub(2):Zn super(2+)] complexes are known to bind DNA. In contrast, [(CHR) sub(2):Cu super(2+)] complex does not interact with double helical DNA, verified by means of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry of its association with calf thymus DNA and the double stranded decamer (5'-CCGGCGCCGG-3'). In order to interact with double helical DNA, the (antibiotic) sub(2) : metal (Mg super(2+) and Zn super(2+)) complexes require a isohelical conformation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy shows that the Cu super(2+) complex adopts a distorted octahedral structure, which cannot assume the required conformation to bind to the DNA. This report demonstrates the negative effect of a bivalent metal upon the DNA binding property of CHR, which otherwise binds to DNA in presence of metals like Mg super(2+)and Zn super(2+). The results also indicate that CHR has a potential for chelation therapy in Cu super(2+) accumulation diseases. However cytotoxicity of the antibiotic might restrict the use.

Here we have examined the association of an aureolic acid antibiotic, chromomycin A3 (CHR), with Cu^sup 2+^. CHR forms a high affinity 2:1 (CHR:Cu^sup 2+^) complex with dissociation constant of 0.08 × 10^sup -10^ M^sup 2^ at 25°C, pH 8.0. The affinity of CHR for Cu^sup 2+^ is higher than those for Mg^sup 2+^ and Zn^sup 2+^ reported earlier from our laboratory. CHR binds preferentially to Cu^sup 2+^ in presence of equimolar amount of Zn^sup 2+^. Complex formation between CHR and Cu^sup 2+^ is an entropy driven endothermic process. Difference between calorimetric and van't Hoff enthalpies indicate the presence of multiple equilibria, supported from biphasic nature of the kinetics of association. Circular dichroism spectroscopy show that [(CHR)^sub 2^:Cu^sup 2+^] complex assumes a structure different from either of the Mg^sup 2+^ and Zn^sup 2+^ complex reported earlier. Both [(CHR)^sub 2^:Mg^sup 2+^] and [(CHR)^sub 2^:Zn^sup 2+^] complexes are known to bind DNA. In contrast, [(CHR)^sub 2^:Cu^sup 2+^] complex does not interact with double helical DNA, verified by means of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry of its association with calf thymus DNA and the double stranded decamer (5'-CCGGCGCCGG-3'). In order to interact with double helical DNA, the (antibiotic)^sub 2^ : metal (Mg^sup 2+^ and Zn^sup 2+^) complexes require a isohelical conformation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy shows that the Cu^sup 2+^ complex adopts a distorted octahedral structure, which cannot assume the required conformation to bind to the DNA. This report demonstrates the negative effect of a bivalent metal upon the DNA binding property of CHR, which otherwise binds to DNA in presence of metals like Mg^sup 2+^and Zn^sup 2+^. The results also indicate that CHR has a potential for chelation therapy in Cu^sup 2+^ accumulation diseases. However cytotoxicity of the antibiotic might restrict the use.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]