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The paper demonstrates that deformations and failures of metal support in underground workings of the Yakovlevskoye deposit of high-grade iron ores and the Kupol gold-and-silver mine (the Chukchi Peninsula) are caused by microorganisms. The main source of microbiota is highly saline ground waters that contain nutritious and energy substrates, while the water temperature does not affect the corrosion activity of microorganisms.

Urban subsurface space is considered to be a dynamic multicomponent system, which includes sandy-clayey soils, groundwater in different state, microbiota, gases, and underground facilities (either as foundations or as surrounding walls), or engineering structures (tunnels of different purpose, hazardous industrial-waste storages, etc.). Special attention is paid to the significance of hydrogeological studies, primarily, to the influence of hydrodynamic and physicochemical conditions and aquifer chemistry on soils, stress and strain state of the stratum, deformation of structures, and the formation of corrosiveness of subsurface medium. The main factors that govern groundwater composition within zones with different contamination level in megacity territory are analyzed. Results of studying the effect of various aquifers on the conditions of construction and operation of above-ground and subsurface structures are presented. Recommendations for assessing the hydrogeological conditions as a part of geotechnical survey are given.

This article considers the problem of improving safety for reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings of 1898-1902s located in Telejnaya St., Saint-Petersburg. The multiple investigation of bearing constructions mentioned above buildings as well as their foundations was made. The geotechnical analysis of foundation soils of the buildings was carried out. The underground water contamination level was assessed, contaminant sources were found. Taking in consideration palustrain deposits widespread occurrence and the term of sewer leakage, microbiological examination of foundation soils of the buildings, groundwater and constructional materials (bricks, mortar, wood, out of service waterproofing layer and other) were made. Abundance and species of micromycetes, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were established. Change in microorganisms number with depth of foundation soils of the buildings depending from redox conditions was found. Reducing conditions with ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential) <0 mV (in some cases ORP=20-30 mV) were detected. ORP value was measured in the field. In these physical and chemical conditions anaerobic microorganisms (sulfate-reducing, methane, denitrifying bacteria) generating gases of different degree of solubility are pervaded. High level of microbiological prevalence of foundation soils of the buildings, groundwater and constructional materials leads to the necessity of usage of bioresistant constructional materials. It is necessary to take into account the presence of drift sand and slow-soluble gases which causes the change in foundation soils of any building stress-deformed state.

Humans have generated ecological and environmental disturbances, such as vineyards, across the globe. Disturbed environments create widespread and repeated selective pressures that can drive colonization and local adaptation in microbial species. We investigated the distribution of fermentative yeast species in vineyards compared to nearby arboreal habitats and measured their resistance to two commonly used vineyard antimicrobials, copper and sulfite. We analyzed 4,101 strains, representing 70 species, collected from grapevine- and oak-associated substrates at 17 vineyard and 20 non-vineyard sites in the USA and Slovenia. Species frequency varied with geography and substrate, but the majority of species commonly present in vineyards were also found in non-vineyard arboreal environments, representing a potential source for vineyard colonization and exploitation of sugar from grapes. Species varied in both copper and sulfite resistance, but only showed elevated resistance in vineyard compared to non-vineyard samples. Our results indicate that has uniquely taken advantage of vineyard environments through adaptations that appear either unnecessary or inaccessible to other yeast species present in vineyards.