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Background Frequent consumption of Energy Drinks (EDs) is associated with numerous health problems, including overweight and obesity, particularly among children and adolescents. The extensive promotion, wide accessibility, and relatively low cost of EDs have significantly increased their popularity among this age group. This paper examines policies/programs that, directly and indirectly, contribute to reducing ED consumption in children and adolescents and shares global experiences to help policymakers adopt evidence-based policies. Methods A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to June 2024, along with reputable international organization websites, to find literature on policies aimed at reducing ED consumption among children and adolescents. All sources meeting the inclusion criteria were included without restrictions. Titles and abstracts were initially screened, followed by a full-text review. After evaluating the quality of the selected studies, data were extracted and, along with information from the selected documents, compiled into a table, detailing the country, policy type, and the effectiveness and weaknesses of each policy. Results Out of 12166 reviewed studies and documents, 84 studies and 70 documents met the inclusion criteria. 73 countries and territories have implemented policies like taxation, sales bans, school bans, labeling, and marketing restrictions on EDs. Most employ fiscal measures, reducing consumption despite enforcement challenges. Labeling, access restrictions, and marketing bans are common but face issues like black markets. Conclusion This scoping review outlines diverse strategies adopted by countries to reduce ED consumption among children and teenagers, such as taxation, school bans, sales restrictions, and labeling requirements. While heightened awareness of ED harms has reinforced policy efforts, many Asian and African nations lack such measures, some policies remain outdated for over a decade, and existing policies face several challenges. These challenges encompass industry resistance, governmental disagreements, public opposition, economic considerations, and the intricacies of policy design. Considering this, countries should tailor policies to their cultural and social contexts, taking into account each policy's strengths and weaknesses to avoid loopholes. Inter-sectoral cooperation, ongoing policy monitoring, updates, and public education campaigns are essential to raise awareness and ensure effective implementation.

Introduction Organizational commitment (OC) significantly impacts the quality of care provided by healthcare staff. It reflects employees’ connection to and engagement with their organization, affecting job satisfaction, employee turnover, and the overall success of the healthcare organization. This research seeks to assess OC levels and identify its influencing factors among health sector staff in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the staff of the health sector including physicians/family physician (FP), midwives, healthcare workers, psychologists, dentists, and nutritionists were selected through a multi-stage sampling; they filled out an online 36-item questionnaire (12 demographic items and 24-item Allen and Mayer OC questionnaire). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). Descriptive statistics of OC scores were provided. Also, independent samples t-test and analysis of variance were used as statistical tests, and P -value < 0.05 was considered the significant level. Results Overall, 289 staff with a mean age of 32 ± 7.6 years participated in this study. The OC total mean score was higher in the public sector compared with the private sector and higher in the non-FP team compared with the FP team. The mean score of all types of OC among all job positions was low. Moreover, education level, workplace, job experience in current job, engagement in other jobs for making money, and FP staff showed a significant association with the total mean score of OC. Conclusion According to the results, OC among health sector staff is low. Therefore, policymakers in the health sector are strongly recommended to implement immediate measures to enhance this critical factor among their workforce.

The marketing of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) within grocers is an obesogenic factor that negatively impacts children’s nutritional behavior, specifically for people from racial and ethnic minority groups, such as immigrants. We aimed to develop and employ a methodology that more precisely assesses the availability, price, and promotion of SSBs to young immigrant children within independently owned grocery stores. A case comparison design was used to explore the differences in the grocery store landscape of SSB marketing by conducting an enhanced Nutrition Environment Measures Survey-SSB (NEMS-SSB) within 30 grocery stores in the Hispanic and Latino enclaves in Southwest Detroit, in the Arab and Chaldean enclaves in North-central Detroit, and in Warren, Hamtramck, and Dearborn, in comparison with 48 grocers in Metro Detroit. Unsweetened, plant-based, and organic toddler and infant beverages, as well as questions about marketing, were added to the original NEMS to capture the promotion tactics used in marketing SSBs. NEMS-SSB scores revealed that, in the immigrant enclaves, there was a significantly higher availability of SSBs in grocery stores (−2.38), and they had lower prices than those in the comparison group (−0.052). Unsweetened, plant-based, and organic beverages were unavailable in 97% of all participating grocery stores across both groups. Signage featuring cartoon characters was the most frequent in-store SSB marketing tactic across both groups. Widespread SSB marketing toward toddlers within the grocery stores in immigrant enclaves could be linked with the higher early childhood obesity prevalence among the immigrant population. Our findings can assist local and national organizations in developing and implementing healthy eating interventions. This study must be repeated in other immigrant enclaves across states to provide comparable results.

The purpose of this study describes the impact of SSB marketing on the nutritional behaviors of children aged 2-5 years old, particularly within immigrant families. This study took place within the independently owned grocers located in four health disparate cities: Detroit, Warren, Hamtramck, and Dearborn (DWHD). This study aimed to 1) understand the landscape of SSBs’ price, placement, and promotion to families of young children in grocery stores and 2) determine strategies to support reduced SSB consumption by young children. A mixed-methods design guided this explanatory sequential study. Differences in availability, accessibility, and affordability of SSBs within the grocers’ environments (n=78) were assessed using an enhanced Nutrition Environment Measure Survey (NEMS). NEMS scores of the DWHD group were compared to other grocers in Metro Detroit. The attitudes of parents (n=92) towards the impact of SSB marketing on the nutritional behaviors of their children were explored by conducting intercept customer surveys. Regarding determining promising strategies to support reduced SSB consumption among young children, surveyed immigrant parents (n=18) were interviewed. The study found the NEMS scores indicated that the DWHD group grocers have a higher abundance of SSBs than the Detroit grocers. SSB products were promoted using different tactics to families with young children. As a result, practicing healthy eating behaviors may have been more difficult for these targeted families, especially those living in low-income ethnic minority neighborhoods. Additionally, healthy beverage marketing received the highest rank as a promising strategy to support reduced SSB consumption among young children. Additionally, non-supportive grocery stores’ environments catalyze unhealthy eating habits among children. Acculturation to American food environments also deteriorates the health and wellness of children within immigrant families. When parallel efforts within the grocers support parents’ actions, it promotes healthy eating behaviors among children. Co-development of nutrition interventions with grocery store owners, along with creating conditions to make healthy choices, the easy choice should be further examined. Study results can increase the understanding of the implications that SSB marketing in grocer environments can impact the nutritional behaviors of young children. The results are especially important as it relates to early childhood obesity among marginalized communities.

Grocery store environments are recognized as one of the most crucial community settings for developing and maintaining healthy nutritional behaviors in children. This is especially true for disadvantaged ethnic minority families, such as immigrants, who reside in the Detroit Metropolitan area and have historically experienced inequities that result in poor health outcomes. Rates of obesity and type II diabetes have affected Detroit 38% more than the rest of the state and nationwide. In 2019, almost 54% of children aged 0–17 in Metro Detroit lived in poverty, and 21.6% experienced food insecurity, compared with the state level of 14.2%. Moreover, nearly 50% of ethnic minority children in Metro Detroit consume sports drinks, and 70% consume soda or pop in an average week. The primary purpose of this study was to explore immigrant parents’ perspectives on (1) how in-store Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) marketing impacts the purchasing behaviors of parents and the eating behaviors of toddlers, and the secondary objective was to (2) determine strategies to reduce SSB purchases and consumption within grocery environments from the viewpoints of immigrant parents. A qualitative multiple-case study design was used to achieve the aims of this study. Semi-structured individual interviews were completed with 18 immigrant parents of children aged 2 to 5 years old who were consumers in 30 independently owned full-service grocery stores within the immigrant enclaves of Detroit, Dearborn, Hamtramck, and Warren, Michigan. Three key thematic categories emerged from the parents’ narratives. These themes were: (1) non-supportive grocery store environments; (2) acculturation to the American food environment; and (3) strategies to support reduced SSB consumption among young immigrant children. The findings of this study revealed widespread SSB marketing targeting toddlers within the participating independently owned grocery stores. Even if families with young children practiced healthy nutritional behaviors, the prices, placements, and promotion of SSBs were challenges to establishing and sustaining these healthy eating habits. The parents believed that planning and implementing retail-based strategies in collaboration with families and considering families’ actual demands would assist in managing children’s eating patterns and reducing early childhood obesity.

A collaborative partnership launched the Great Grocer Project (GGP) in March 2021 in Detroit, Michigan where health inequities, including deaths due to COVID-19, have historically been politically determined and informed by socially entrenched norms. Institutional and structural racism has contributed to a lack of diversity in store ownership among Detroit grocers and limited access to high-quality, affordable healthy foods as well as disparate food insecurity among Detroit residents. The GGP seeks to promote Detroit’s healthy grocers to improve community health and economic vitality through research, programs, and policies that have the potential to advance health equity. A cross-sectional design was used to explore relationships between scores from the Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys-Stores (NEMS-S) in 62 stores and city-level data of COVID-19 cases and deaths as well as calls to 211 for food assistance. Regression and predictive analyses were conducted at the ZIP code level throughout the city to determine a relationship between the community food environment and food insecurity on COVID-19 cases and deaths. COVID-19 cases and deaths contributed to greater food insecurity. The use of ZIP code data and the small sample size were limitations within this study. Causation could not be determined in this study; therefore, further analyses should explore the potential effects of individual grocery stores on COVID-related outcomes since a cluster of high-scoring NEMS-S stores and calls to 211 for food security resources inferred a potential protective factor. Poor nutrition has been shown to be associated with increased hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19. It is important to understand if a limited food environment can also have a negative effect on COVID-19 rates and deaths. Lessons learned from Detroit could have implications for other communities in using food environment improvements to prevent an uptick in food insecurity and deaths due to COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.