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Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the most competent vectors of multiple human arboviral diseases, posing a global public health concern, particularly in Bangladesh. While there are numerous genomic resources available worldwide, the genomic resources from Southeast Asian countries are scarce. Current study reported the first characterization of the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Bangladesh. The circular mitogenomes are 16,662 bp and 16,585 bp in size, with AT contents of 79.02% and 78.81%, respectively. Both mitogenomes contain all 37 functional subunits, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a control region. We also reported the unique codon usage and Relative synonymous codon usage patterns, which are congruent with other members of the Culicine family. Our intraspecific analysis of 15 mitochondrial genes revealed higher genetic distance, but lower SNP density in Ae. aegypti , compared to Ae. albopictus , indicating Ae. aegypti might have a longer evolutionary history, while Ae. albopictus might have experienced recent population expansion with steady divergence. Similarity metrics and phylogeny of 13 PCGs from 37 taxa indicated both species of Aedes formed specific clusters, where Bangladeshi Aedes spp . showed close relationships with North American, Oceania and European populations. Our comprehensive tree incorporating Aedes, Ochleroratus and Culex spp . revealed distinct clades, aligning with previous studies. Current study provides a foundation for future research on Aedes spp . of Bangladesh, leveraging it to other Southeast Asian countries, aiding vector identification, control, and disease mitigation.

This study describes the molecular characterization of marine and coastal fishes of Bangladesh based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a marker. A total of 376 mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were obtained from 185 species belonging to 146 genera, 74 families, 21 orders, and two classes of fishes. The mean length of the sequences was 652 base pairs. In Elasmobranchii (Sharks and rays), the average Kimura two parameter (K2P) distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 1.20%, 6.07%, 11.08%, and 14.68%, respectively, and for Actinopterygii, the average K2P distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 0.40%, 6.36%, 14.10%, and 24.07%, respectively. The mean interspecies distance was 16‐fold higher than the mean intraspecies distance. The K2P neighbor‐joining (NJ) trees based on the sequences generally clustered species in accordance with their taxonomic position. A total of 21 species were newly recorded in Bangladesh. High efficiency and fidelity in species identification and discrimination were demonstrated in the present study by DNA barcoding, and we conclude that COI sequencing can be used as an authentic identification marker for Bangladesh marine fish species. This study attempted to molecular characterization of marine and coastal fishes of Bangladesh based on COI gene as a marker. A total of 376 mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were obtained from 185 species belonging to 146 genera, 74 families, 20 orders, and two classes of fishes. Our barcode data can define the diversity of marine fishes across genera, families, and orders. A total of 21 species were newly recorded in Bangladesh. This is the first comprehensive barcode reference library for marine and coastal fishes of Bangladesh.

In this study, we aim to determine the efficacy of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA genes as marker in discriminating the cephalopods from Bangladesh waters. We generated 30 DNA sequences from 28 newly collected specimens, representing eight species belonging to seven genera and three families. The species were discriminated with threshold of ≥ 3% genetic distance between species for both marker genes. The mean divergence between species was 40 and 15-fold higher than the average conspecific distance for the COI and 16S rRNA, respectively. The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree topology showed that the sequences of the same species were clustered in a single clade, supporting the efficacy of marker genes in differentiating cephalopod species and further complementing the conventional taxonomy. The study confirms the efficacy of both COI and 16S rRNA as candidate markers for discriminating cephalopods species. However, we recommend the use of COI, as it showed less intra-species divergence and less amplification and sequencing failure compared to 16S rRNA.

This paper describes the first record of the rainbow runner Elagatis bipinnulata (Perciformes: Carangidae) from Cox’s Bazar, the North eastern part of Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Two specimens of E. bipinnulata ware collected on 23 June 2018 from the Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation Fish Landing Center of Cox’s Bazar. Morphometric and molecular approaches were applied for identification. Dorsal and anal fins with terminal two rayed finlet, absence of scute, upper jaw ending distinctly before vertical at front margin of eye are the key characteristics to this species. Six spines in first dorsal fin and (24 + 2) fin rays in second dorsal fin; (17 + 2) anal fin rays with one spine present. The morphometric, meristic and molecular analyses thus confirmed the presence of E. bipinnulata in Bangladesh. This report updates the geographical distribution for this species confirming its presence in the coastal region of Bangladesh, and extends the number of marine fish known from the area.

We report the first geographical record of the Burmese bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium burmensis (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae) from the coast of Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Three specimens (two males and one female) of C. burmensis were collected on 22nd March 2018, from the Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation Fish Landing Center of Cox’s Bazar. Morphometric and molecular approach were applied for taxonomic identification. The shark showed a body slender, snout blunt, nostrils subterminal and well separated from snout tip. Mouth slightly closer to eyes than snout tip, labial folds connected across chin by a dermal fold. Pectoral and pelvic fins are relatively thin. The key characteristics of this species are small eyes, less than 1.25% of total length (TL); distance from vent to tail tip more than 67% of TL; head length less than 15.8% of TL; distance from nose tip to vent less than 31% of TL. The morphometric and DNA barcoding data confirmed the presence of C. burmensis in Bangladesh. This report updates the geographical distribution for this species confirming its presence in the coastal region of Bangladesh.

A new record of Hasselt’s bamboo shark Chiloscyllium hasseltii (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae) has been confirmed from the St. Martin’s Island, the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh. Two male specimens were collected on 19th December 2018 from the coast of St. Martin’s Island as a bycatch of the local fishermen. The traditional morphometric method was applied for taxonomic identification which was further validated by a molecular approach based on partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences (DNA barcodes). The key characteristics of this species are the distance from first to second dorsal fin less than 9.3% of TL; first dorsal fin height less than 6.6% of TL and second dorsal fin height less than 5.8% of TL. The morphometric, meristic and DNA barcoding data thus confirmed the presence of C. hasseltii in Bangladesh. With this report a new shark species has been added in the treasure of the marine ichthyofaunal diversity of Bangladesh and also updates the geographical distribution range of this species.

Water, nutrients, and energy are the three main inputs in agricultural production and recently there has been a drop in the factor productivity of these inputs because of their improper management and deterioration of soil health. To maximize agricultural productivity while lowering strain on natural resources, the best synergistic combinations of tillage, residue, nitrogen, and water management should be identified for improving resource use efficiency of wheat. Hence, an attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of contrasting tillage, crop residue mulch, nitrogen, and irrigation interaction on yield, radiation productivity (RP), and water productivity (WP) of wheat in a split-factorial design. Results showed that wheat yield was higher under no-tillage (4.8%) than that of conventional tillage. Crop residue mulch (CRM) and higher nitrogen application enhanced RP, WP, and yield of wheat; although RP increased with increase in nitrogen application up to 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN). CRM significantly reduced the seasonal evapotranspiration (6.0‒7.2%) as compared to residue removal treatment. Deficit irrigation enhanced the WP while it lowered the crop yield significantly. Therefore, wheat can be grown under no-tillage, CRM, 100% RDN with deficit irrigation to obtain higher WP but with full irrigation to obtain higher yield, and RP in the semiarid climate of India.

The novel coronavirus was renamed as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the world health organization, began its spread in December 2019, in the city of Wuhan, China. Global bodies and governments weren’t prepared to handle the impact of the virus on society. Nepal’s landlocked nation encountered its incident confirmed case of COVID-19 during the first week of January, with the primary host being a student with a travel history from its place of inception. The nation is deficient in its health resources. The country mainly focused on the stringent implementation of washing of hands, wearing masks, restricting general movement, and maintaining social distancing in public. The disease transmission reached to the third stage, which began within three months after the confirmation of the first case of COVID-19. The lack of tropical hospitals, laboratory and diagnostic facilities added to the challenges faced by the country. This paper is a comprehensive review of the overall preparation and steps taken by the federal system of Nepal to combat the virus’s effects till the third stage of transmission. It concludes with the practical limitations faced by the governing authorities of the nation while implementing these measures.

The study investigates the influence of negative capacitance on the transfer characteristics of vdW FETs on the heterophase of CIPS ferroelectric. Notably, a less pronounced NC resulting from the spatial distribution of the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases plays crucial role in stabilizing of n-channel-conductance. This results into the emergence of a non-volatile logic state, between the two binary states of TFETs. Concerned study proposed NC-TFETs based on ferroionic crystals as promising devices for generating a stable logic state below Vth.

We report anisotropic magnetodielectric (MD) coupling in layered van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnetic (AFM) FePS\\(_3\\) (Néel temperature \\(T_{\\mathrm{N}}\\) \\(\\sim\\) 120K) with perpendicular anisotropy. Above \\(T_N\\), while dielectric response function along \\textit{c}-axis shows frequency dependent relaxations, in-plane data is frequency independent and reveals a deviation from phonon-anharmonicity in the ordered state, thereby implying a connection to spin-phonon coupling known to be indicative of onset of magnetic ordering. At low temperature (below 40 K), atypical anomaly in the dielectric constant is corroborated with temperature dependent DC and AC susceptibility. The magnetodielectric response across this anomaly differs significantly for both, in-plane and out-of-plane cases. We have explained this in terms of preferential orientation of magnetic AFM-z alignment, implied by the in-plane structural anisotropy as confirmed by \\textit{ab-initio} calculations. Controlling relative strength of magnetodielectric coupling with magnetic anisotropy opens up a strategy for tracking subtle modifications of structure, such as in-plane anisotropy, with potential application to spintronic technologies.