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\"Analyzing a range of traditional and contemporary perspectives, this crisp text explores the core attachment styles and charts their impact on childhood and adult behaviour. Written by one of social work's most highly-regarded commentators, it is a perfect introduction to the complex field of attachment theory\"--Provided by publisher.

Daily weather conditions for an entire city are usually represented by a single weather station, often located at a nearby airport. This resolution of atmospheric data fails to recognize the microscale climatic variability associated with land use decisions across and within urban neighborhoods. This study uses heat index, a measure of the combined effects of temperature and humidity, to assess the variability of heat exposure from ten weather stations across four urban neighborhoods and two control locations (downtown and in a nearby nature center) in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Results suggest that trees may negate a portion of excess urban heat, but are also associated with greater humidity. As a result, the heat index of locations with more trees is significantly higher than downtown and areas with fewer trees. Trees may also reduce heat stress by shading individuals from incoming radiation, though this is not considered in this study. Greater amounts of impervious surfaces correspond with reduced evapotranspiration and greater runoff, in terms of overall mass balance, leading to a higher temperature, but lower relative humidity. Heat index and relative humidity were found to significantly vary between locations with different tree cover and neighborhood characteristics for the full study time period as well as for the top 10% of heat index days. This work demonstrates the need for high-resolution climate data and the use of additional measures beyond temperature to understand urban neighborhood exposure to extreme heat, and expresses the importance of considering vulnerability differences among residents when analyzing neighborhood-scale impacts.

'Science and Sensibility' unveils the stories of scientists with the thoughts and feelings of artists, embracing what the sciences and arts can reveal together.

Previous research demonstrating that positive episodic simulation enhances future expectancies has relied on explicit expectancy measures. The current study investigated the effects of episodic simulation on implicit expectancies. Using the Future Thinking Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (FT-IRAP), participants made true/false decisions to indicate whether or not they expected positive/negative outcomes after adopting orientations consistent or inconsistent with an optimistic disposition. The outcome measure, D IRAP , was based on response time differences between consistent and inconsistent blocks. Participants then engaged in either positive simulation training, in which they imagined positive future events, or a neutral visualisation task before repeating the FT-IRAP twice following 10-minute intervals. Positive simulation training increased D IRAP scores for don’t-expect-negative trials–boosting participants’ readiness to affirm that negative events were unlikely to happen to them. Although findings did not generalise across all trial types, they show potential for positive simulation training to enhance implicit future expectancies.

Citizen-science programs are often touted as useful for advancing conservation literacy, scientific knowledge, and increasing scientific-reasoning skills among the public. Guidelines for collaboration among scientists and the public are lacking and the extent to which these citizen-science initiatives change behavior is relatively unstudied. Over two years, we studied 82 participants in a three-day program that included education about non-native invasive plants and collection of data on the occurrence of those plants. Volunteers were given background knowledge about invasive plant ecology and trained on a specific protocol for collecting invasive plant data. They then collected data and later gathered as a group to analyze data and discuss responsible environmental behavior with respect to invasive plants. We tested whether participants without experience in plant identification and with little knowledge of invasive plants increased their knowledge of invasive species ecology, participation increased knowledge of scientific methods, and participation affected behavior. Knowledge of invasive plants increased on average 24%, but participation was insufficient to increase understanding of how scientific research is conducted. Participants reported increased ability to recognize invasive plants and increased awareness of effects of invasive plants on the environment, but this translated into little change in behavior regarding invasive plants. Potential conflicts between scientific goals, educational goals, and the motivation of participants must be considered during program design. Los programas de ciencia-ciudadana a menudo son vendidos como útiles para que el público avance en sus conocimientos sobre conservación, en su conocimiento científico y en el incremento de las habilidades de razonamiento científico. No existen directrices para la colaboración entre científicos y el público y casi no se ha estudiado el grado en que estas iniciativas ciudadanos-ciencia cambian el comportamiento. Durante dos años estudiamos a 82 participantes en un programa de 3 días que incluía educación sobre plantas invasoras no nativas y la recolección de datos sobre la ocurrencia de estas plantas. A los voluntarios se les proporcionó conocimiento básico sobre la ecología de plantas invasoras y fueron entrenados en un protocolo específico para la recolección de datos de plantas invasoras. Posteriormente recolectaron datos y se reunieron para analizarlos y discutir sobre comportamiento ambiental responsable en relación con plantas invasoras. Probamos si los participantes sin experiencia en la identificación de plantas y con poco conocimiento de plantas invasoras incrementaron su conocimiento de ecología de especies invasoras, si la participación incrementó su conocimiento de métodos científicos y si la participación afectó su comportamiento. El conocimiento de plantas invasoras incremento 24% en promedio, pero la participación no fue suficiente para incrementar el entendimiento de cómo se lleva a cabo la investigación científica. Los participantes reportaron incremento en su habilidadpara reconocer plantas invasoras e incremento en la conciencia sobre el efecto de las plantas invasoras sobre el ambiente, pero esto se tradujo en pocos cambios en el comportamiento respecto a las plantas invasoras. Los potenciales conflictos entre las metas científicas, las metas educativas y la motivación de participantes deben ser considerados durante el diseño del programa.

ObjectivesThis study used a mixed-method approach to explore cultural and ethnic influences on the perception of, and decision to engage with or not to engage with, physical activity and exercise therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).DesignQualitative research was conducted through the use of semistructured interviews and focus groups. Self-reported physical activity levels were measured using the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ), and self-efficacy for exercise with Bandura’s Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale.SettingThis study was conducted in a non-clinical setting of a single National Health Service Hospital Trust between April 2018 and July 2019.ParticipantsParticipants >18 years of age with a diagnosis of CKD, from black African, black Caribbean, South Asian or white ethnicity were eligible for the study. 84 patients with a diagnosis of CKD (stages 2–5), aged 25–79 (mean age 57) were recruited. Semistructured interviews (n=20) and six single-sex, ethnic-specific focus group discussions were undertaken (n=36).OutcomesPrimary outcome was to explore the perceptions, attitudes and values about exercise and physical activity in different ethnic groups through qualitative interviews, analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Questionnaires were analysed using Pearson correlation to determine if there was a significant relationship between the self-efficacy and GPPAQ levels.ResultsQualitative analysis provided four primary themes: I am who I am, Change of identity, Influences to physical activity and exercise and Support and education. Quantitative analysis using Pearson correlation revealed a significant correlation between GPPAQ levels of activity and self-efficacy to regulate exercise behaviour (r=−0.40, p=0.001).ConclusionUnderstanding the cultural, attitudes and beliefs of individuals with CKD from a variety of ethnic backgrounds is complex. Understanding of patients’ experiences, thoughts and beliefs may be of relevance to clinicians when designing CKD exercise services.Trial registration numberNCT03709212; Pre-results.

This paper illuminates the potential of diversely embodied sporting cultures to challenge ableism, the ideology of ability. Ableism constructs the able body as conditional to a life worth living, thus devaluing all those perceived as ‘dis’-abled. This hegemonic ideology develops into a ‘logic of practice’ through a cultural appropriation of body’s lived complexity, by reducing it to symbolic dichotomies (able/disabled). The path to challenge ableism is then to restore body’s complexity, by turning attention toward its lived embodied existence. Drawing upon an ethnographic study of a sitting volleyball (SV) community, we condense multiple data sources into a sensuous creative non-fiction vignette to translate the physical embodied culture of the sport. In exploring SV physicality through the ethnographic vignette, it is our intention to activate the readers’ own embodiment when interpreting and co-creating this text. By placing the reader in the lived reality of playing SV, we hope that the potential of this physical culture to destabilize engrained ableist premises becomes apparent. Ultimately, our goal is to promote a shift from ableism towards an appreciation and celebration of differently able bodies. This cultural shift is crucial for long lasting social empowerment for people with disabilities.

High-quality frequency references are the cornerstones in position, navigation and timing applications of both scientific and commercial domains. Optomechanical oscillators, with direct coupling to continuous-wave light and non-material-limited f × Q product, are long regarded as a potential platform for frequency reference in radio-frequency-photonic architectures. However, one major challenge is the compatibility with standard CMOS fabrication processes while maintaining optomechanical high quality performance. Here we demonstrate the monolithic integration of photonic crystal optomechanical oscillators and on-chip high speed Ge detectors based on the silicon CMOS platform. With the generation of both high harmonics (up to 59th order) and subharmonics (down to 1/4), our chipset provides multiple frequency tones for applications in both frequency multipliers and dividers. The phase noise is measured down to −125 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset at ~400 μW dropped-in powers, one of the lowest noise optomechanical oscillators to date and in room-temperature and atmospheric non-vacuum operating conditions. These characteristics enable optomechanical oscillators as a frequency reference platform for radio-frequency-photonic information processing.

Correspondence to Lucinda Tullie, Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; ltullie@doctors.org.uk Identification of a small or absent stomach during fetal anomaly screening may be indicative of a range of underlying pathologies, many of which carry implications for counselling, continuing the pregnancy and planning delivery. [...]trimester polyhydramnios was defined as either maximum vertical pool >8 cm or an amniotic fluid index >95th percentile for gestational age. Table 1 Outcomes of fetuses with multiple prenatally detected anomalies in addition to small or absent stomach Prenatal findings Postnatal findings Scan anomalies Absent stomach Small stomach Polyhydramnios OA and/or TOF Final diagnosis AVSD, dextrocardia + T21 and Ivemark syndrome Talipes + T21, talipes Holoprosencephaly, CHD, talipes + T18×2 Dandy-Walker, CLP + T13 Fallot’s, IUGR + 69,XXX Increased nuchal translucency + i(12p) Coarctation + + + Coarctation, VSD Fallot’s + + + Fallot’s AVSD, absent kidney, ventriculomegaly + TOP + VACTERL AVSD, absent kidney + TOP + VACTERL Dilated rectum + TOP VATER CLP + + + CLP, small larynx Macrocephaly, ballotable skull + Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata AVSD, CLP + CHARGE Predominantly cardiac anomalies ×3 +, + + Ivemark, HLH, AVSD+PA Predominantly renal anomalies ×5 +,+,+,+ + Renal agenesis, dysplasia, hypoplasia Predominantly CLP ×3 + ++ CLP and microgastria Other +,+,+ ++ Ulna hypoplasia, microgastria, NTD, ventriculomegaly Cystic hygroma, pleural effusions + Webbed neck but nil else AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect; CHARGE, coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae (also known as choanal atresia), growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities; CHD, congenital heart disease; CLP, cleft lip and palate; HLH, hypoplastic left heart; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; NTD, neural tube defect;OA, oesophageal atresia; PA, pulmonary valve atresia; TOF, tracheoesophageal fistula; TOP, termination of pregnancy <24/40—before polyhydramnios develops; VACTERL, vertebral defects, anorectal malformations, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies and limb abnormalities; VATER, vertebrae, anus, trachea, oesophagus and renal (or kidneys) anomalies; VSD, ventricular septal defect.

Over the last two decades the Paralympic Games have gained a high public profile. As a result there has been an ever increasing commercial marketplace for aerodynamic and feather light racing (wheel) chairs as well as biomechanically and ergonomically responsive prostheses that have helped create a legion of cyborg bodies that is manifest in the ¡ mage of the sporting supercrip. Mobility devices that enhance performance have also created a divide between different impairment groups and also amongst 'developed' and 'developing' nations. This article highlights the development of a technocentric ideology within the Paralympic Movement that has led to the cyborgification of some Paralympic bodies. It questions whether the advances in technology are actually empowering disabled athletes.