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"Davidson, Christopher"
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Actomyosin contractility-dependent matrix stretch and recoil induces rapid cell migration
Cells select from a diverse repertoire of migration strategies. Recent developments in tunable biomaterials have helped identify how extracellular matrix properties influence migration, however, many settings lack the fibrous architecture characteristic of native tissues. To investigate migration in fibrous contexts, we independently varied the alignment and stiffness of synthetic 3D fiber matrices and identified two phenotypically distinct migration modes. In contrast to stiff matrices where cells migrated continuously in a traditional mesenchymal fashion, cells in deformable matrices stretched matrix fibers to store elastic energy; subsequent adhesion failure triggered sudden matrix recoil and rapid cell translocation. Across a variety of cell types, traction force measurements revealed a relationship between cell contractility and the matrix stiffness where this migration mode occurred optimally. Given the prevalence of fibrous tissues, an understanding of how matrix structure and mechanics influences migration could improve strategies to recruit repair cells to wound sites or inhibit cancer metastasis.
How cells migrate in fibrous tissues is still poorly understood. Here, with synthetic 3D fibre matrices of controlled alignment and stiffness, the authors report that cells in stiff matrices move slowly and continuously, but in softer, deformable matrices cells can rapidly slingshot forward via stretch and recoil of matrix fibres.
Journal Article
The GCC's Economic Diplomacy in a Multi-Polar World
Donald Trump's return to the presidency in 2025 unleashed a new wave of protectionist trade policies, fundamentally reshaping global economic alliances. The monarchies of the Gulf Cooperation Council face a dilemma that will define their economic future. While currently subject to a relatively modest ten percent US tariff, the Gulf states must still balance their traditional economic ties with the US against rapidly expanding partnerships with China, now their largest trading partner, plus emerging free trade opportunities with the UK and European Union. Here, Davidson examines how the Gulf monarchies' response to these competing pressures will reshape not only their economic trajectory but their geopolitical positioning in an increasingly multipolar world.
Journal Article
Cell force-mediated matrix reorganization underlies multicellular network assembly
Vasculogenesis is the
de novo
formation of a vascular network from individual endothelial progenitor cells occurring during embryonic development, organogenesis, and adult neovascularization. Vasculogenesis can be mimicked and studied
in vitro
using network formation assays, in which endothelial cells (ECs) spontaneously form capillary-like structures when seeded in the appropriate microenvironment. While the biochemical regulators of network formation have been well studied using these assays, the role of mechanical and topographical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is less understood. Here, we utilized both natural and synthetic fibrous materials to better understand how physical attributes of the ECM influence the assembly of EC networks. Our results reveal that active cell-mediated matrix recruitment through actomyosin force generation occurs concurrently with network formation on Matrigel, a reconstituted basement membrane matrix regularly used to promote EC networks, and on synthetic matrices composed of electrospun dextran methacrylate (DexMA) fibers. Furthermore, modulating physical attributes of DexMA matrices that impair matrix recruitment consequently inhibited the formation of cellular networks. These results suggest an iterative process in which dynamic cell-induced changes to the physical microenvironment reciprocally modulate cell behavior to guide the formation and stabilization of multicellular networks.
Journal Article
الاقتصاد السياسي للتعليم في العالم العربي
يتلمس مؤلفو کتاب \"الاقتصاد السياسي للتعليم في العالم العربي\" إجابات في الاقتصادات السياسية ... التي تشكل بنية الحكم الوطني في المنطقة، وقد أظهروا بوضوح، من خلال ما قدموه من دراسات عن شمال إفريقيا ومنطقة الخليج، إضافة إلى وجهات نظر مقارنة تجارب دول شرق آسيا وأمريكا اللاتينية، أن الجهود المبذولة لتحسين التعليم، وتعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية تبعا لذلك وتوسيع قاعدة المواطنة التي تشكل عمدة استقرار وفعالية أنظمة حكم، ستفشل إلى الحد الذي تصبح معه النخب الحاكمة غير قادرة على زيادة قوتها السياسية والاقتصادية على حساب الصالح العام، يتكون الكتاب من أحد عشر بحثا توزعتها أقسام ثلاثة، بالإضافة إلى قسم تمهيدي مكون من دراستين هما بمثابة المدخلين للإشكاليات التي تناولها الكتاب، فالأولى تتمثل في البحث الأول المشترك بين هشام العلوي وروبرت سبرينغبورغ حيث عرضا بشكل عام لإشكاليات التعليم في العالم العربي من وجهة نظر الاقتصاد السياسي، واضعين القارئ في سياق الكتاب وهويته البحثية، وتتمثل الثانية في بحث إسحاق ديوان الذي تناول بدراسة رصدية إحصائية وتحليلية العلاقة بين إشكاليتي التعليم والديمقراطية في العالم العربي.
Book
Pharmacy Student Engagement, Performance, and Perception in a Flipped Satellite Classroom
Objective. To determine whether “flipping” a traditional basic pharmaceutics course delivered synchronously to 2 satellite campuses would improve student academic performance, engagement, and perception.
Design. In 2012, the basic pharmaceutics course was flipped and delivered to 22 satellite students on 2 different campuses. Twenty-five condensed, recorded course lectures were placed on the course Web site for students to watch prior to class. Scheduled class periods were dedicated to participating in active-learning exercises. Students also completed 2 course projects, 3 midterm examinations, 8 graded quizzes, and a cumulative and comprehensive final examination.
Assessment. Results of a survey administered at the beginning and end of the flipped course in 2012 revealed an increase in students’ support for learning content prior to class and using class time for more applied learning (p=0.01) and in the belief that learning key foundational content prior to coming to class greatly enhanced in-class learning (p=0.001). Significantly more students preferred the flipped classroom format after completing the course (89.5%) than before completing the course (34.6%). Course evaluation responses and final examination performance did not differ significantly for 2011 when the course was taught using a traditional format and the 2012 flipped-course format. Qualitative findings suggested that the flipped classroom promoted student empowerment, development, and engagement.
Conclusion. The flipped pharmacy classroom can enhance the quality of satellite students’ experiences in a basic pharmaceutics course through thoughtful course design, enriched dialogue, and promotion of learner autonomy.
Journal Article
Davidson's principles and practice of medicine / editors Christopher Haslett and 3 others ; illustrated by Robert Britton
\"An internationally famous and best-selling medical textbook, Davidson is renowned for providing a rational and easily understood basis for the practice of medicine. As a concise yet up-to-date and comprehensive text on clinical medicine, it has met the requirements of several generations of medical students preparing for their final examinations.\" \"The evolution of this classic textbook continues in this Eighteenth Edition, with colour utilised to enhance the presentation of the content, while the text has been restructured and updated throughout in keeping with the expanding knowledge base of disease pathogenesis and clinical practice.\"--Jacket.
Book
Gulf States and Sharp Power: Allies to Adversaries
The UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar have recently been linked to a range of contentious exploits in the West. These include covert influence operations, espionage, and (in Saudi Arabia's case) even acts of political violence. At first glance, such adversarial activity makes little sense, given longstanding economic, security, and 'soft power' ties. As this essay demonstrates, however, a potent mix of shared and state-specific motives has been steering these increasingly assertive monarchies—themselves experiencing intensive autocratization—into uncharted waters. Amidst serious divergences with the US, the European Union and other such partners, this has pitched Gulf-Western relations into a complex and unpredictable new era, with clear diplomatic and national-security ramifications as well as a pressing need for strengthened democratic defenses.
Journal Article