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Since its first publication, this essential guide to book commissioning has established itself as the one and only 'must-read' for any successful editor, and the core training text used both within publishing houses and on publishing courses worldwide. In this new edition, Davies concentrates on the essential skills of commissioning, as well as other editorial challenges such as handling new lists following mergers and takeovers, and the demands of digital technology. New case-studies have been added which illustrate the commercial and practical problems that editors must address in today's complex and demanding marketplace. This book remains the one text that editors must have by their side throughout their careers. Gill Davies worked in publishing for 26 years and became one of the leading academic publishers in her field. She held three managing directorships in that time since beginning work in publishing as an editorial secretary, and worked in New York for two years. She was the first woman to be elected Chair of the Council of Academic Publishing at the Publishers' Association of Great Britain. Professor Gill Davies is now Director of the MA in Book Publishing at the London College of Communication. She also provides training on courses for young editors run by the Publishing Training Centre and other organisations.

Background The standard measurement of oral conditions that are mainly of cosmetic concern can be carried out by a trained clinical professional, or they can be assessed and reported by the individuals who may have the condition or be aware of others who have it. Enamel opacities of anterior teeth are examples of such a condition. At a public health level the interest is only about opacities that are of aesthetic concern, so the need for an index that records opacities that the public perceive to be a problem is clear. Measurement methods carried out by highly trained professionals, using unnatural conditions are not indicated at this level. This study reports on the testing of a novel epidemiological tool that aims to report on the prevalence and impact of self-perceived enamel opacities in a population of young adolescents. Methods A dental health survey was carried out using a random sample of 12-year-old school pupils during 2008/09 by Primary Care Organisations (PCOs) in England. This included the use of a novel self-perception tool which aimed to measure individual’s self-perception of the presence and impact of enamel opacities to produce population measures. This tool comprised questions asking about the presence of white marks on their teeth and whether these marks bothered the volunteers and a sheet of grouped photographs of anterior teeth showing opacities ranging from TF 0, TF 1–2 to TF 2–3. Volunteers were asked which of the groups of photographs looked more like their own teeth. Examining teams from a convenience sample of 3 PCOs from this survey agreed to undertake additional measurements to assess the value of the self-perception tool. Volunteer pupils were asked the questions on a second occasion, some time after the first and clinical examiners recorded their assessments of the most closely matching set of photographs of the volunteers on two occasions. Results The tool was feasible to use, with 74% of pupils making a response to the first question about the presence of white marks on front teeth, 94% to the second (do these marks bother you?) and 79% to the third about which set of images most closely matched the volunteer’s own, with regard to white marks. Responses to these sequential questions showed coherence with pupils who perceived themselves as having white marks on their teeth being more likely to select images that showed teeth with opacities to match with their appearance. Pupils who reported themselves concerned about their white marks were the most likely to select images with the most severe opacities. Repeatability was good among pupils (Kappa = 0.65) and very good among examiners (Kappa = 0.87). Agreement levels between pupil’s and examiner’s choice of images was poor as examiners were less likely than pupils to select images that showed more severe levels of mottling. Conclusions With regard to feasibility, coherence and repeatability the standardised epidemiological tool under scrutiny, with operator training, appears to be a suitable method for measuring the prevalence and impact of self-perceived enamel opacities in a population of young adolescents.

•Area-level deprivation was directly linked with oral cancer incidence and mortality.•Effect of deprivation on oral cancer was stronger at the end of the deprivation spectrum.•Area-level deprivation was an independent risk factor for oral cancer. The relationship between deprivation and oral cancer is complex. We examined magnitude and shape of deprivation-related inequalities in oral cancer in England 2012-2016. Oral cancer was indicated by cancers of the lip and oral cavity (ICD10 C00-C06) and lip, oral cavity and pharynx (C00-C14) and deprivation by the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Deprivation inequality in incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer outcomes was measured using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). Fractional polynomial regression was used to explore the shape of the relationships between deprivation and oral cancer outcomes. Multivariate regression models were fitted with the appropriate functions to examine the independent effect of deprivation on cancer adjusting for smoking, alcohol and ethnicity. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were greater for more deprived areas. The RII values indicated significant inequalities for oral cancer outcomes but the magnitude of inequalities were greater for mortality. The relationships between deprivation and oral cancer outcomes were curvilinear. Deprivation, Asian ethnicity and alcohol consumption were associated with higher incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer. This is the first study, to our knowledge, exploring the shape of socioeconomic inequalities in oral cancer at neighbourhood level. Deprivation-related inequalities were present for all oral cancer outcomes with a steeper rise at the more deprived end of the deprivation spectrum. Deprivation predicted oral cancer even after accounting for other risk factors.

Introduction The use of dental general anaesthetics (DGAs) remains a cause for concern due to additional strains placed on health services. There are numerous factors influencing the prevalence and use of DGAs, and understanding these is an important first step in addressing the issue.Aim Conduct a rapid review of current peer-reviewed and grey literature on the variation in the use of DGAs in children.Methods Electronic searching using Medline via Ovid covering DGA articles from 1998 onwards, written in English. Publication types included primary and secondary sources from peer-reviewed journals and reports, as well as grey literature.Results From 935 results, 171 articles were included in the final review. Themes emerging from the literature included discussions of DGA variation, variations in standards of service provision by health services, and the socio-demographic and geographical characteristics of children. Prominent socio-demographic and geographical characteristics included age, other health conditions, ethnic and cultural background, socioeconomic status and deprivation, and geographical location.Conclusions This review identified numerous variations in the patterns associated with DGA provision and uptake at both a health service and individual level. The findings demonstrate the complicated and multifaceted nature of DGA practices worldwide.

Background Untreated caries in young children can result in a referral for extraction in hospital under general anaesthetic (GA). This study aims to explore the impact of caries during the ensuing wait for GA on children resident in the North West of England. Methods The study involved 456 respondents referred to six hospitals in the Northwest of England. Over a two-month period each of these children/ families completed a questionnaire and gave permission to access their referral and consultation notes. Results Children (6.78 years old: 1.50 to 16.42) had on average five teeth extracted (ranging from one to a full clearance, with all teeth removed). Sixty seven per cent of parents reported their child had been in pain, 26% reported schools days being missed and 38% having sleepless nights. The average time from referral to operation was 137 days. Results indicated that children could be in discomfort during their wait, as pain was experienced, on average, 14 days before the operation. Wait time significantly predicated the number of sleepless nights b  = .004, t (340) = 2.276, p = .023. Conclusions It is clear that pain, sleepless nights and missed school are a feature during a wait for dental GA and can be exacerbated by an extended wait. These data support the need for not only effective prevention of caries within primary care to reduce wait times and experience of GA but also effective management of pain and infection during a prolonged wait for treatment.

Aim To profile the staff in the community dental service (CDS) in terms of qualifications, clinical service provisions and gender. Method Postal questionnaire to all clinical dental service managers in the United Kingdom. Results The response rate was in the order of 99%. A higher proportion (67.5%) of community dental staff are women, but they are more likely (P < 0.001) to work part time. There were a higher proportion of men (14.1%) in the most senior management grade when compared with women (6.1%). A postgraduate qualification is relatively common, but men are more likely (P < 0.001) to have a higher qualification. The CDS provides a wide range of services centering on clinical care for adults and children, special needs care, epidemiology and health promotion. Most managers tended to have a clinical role. Conclusions Women play an important part in the CDS. They are more likely to work part time, tend to occupy lower positions in the organisation and are less likely to have a postgraduate qualification than men.

Key Points The CDS offers a broad range of clinical services to priority groups in our society. Many in the workforce have postgraduate qualifications The workforce is predominantly female. Some women have a managerial function but are more likely to be in the CDO grade. Aim To profile the staff in the community dental service (CDS) in terms of qualifications, clinical service provisions and gender. Method Postal questionnaire to all clinical dental service managers in the United Kingdom. Results The response rate was in the order of 99%. A higher proportion (67.5%) of community dental staff are women, but they are more likely ( P < 0.001) to work part time. There were a higher proportion of men (14.1%) in the most senior management grade when compared with women (6.1%). A postgraduate qualification is relatively common, but men are more likely ( P < 0.001) to have a higher qualification. The CDS provides a wide range of services centering on clinical care for adults and children, special needs care, epidemiology and health promotion. Most managers tended to have a clinical role. Conclusions Women play an important part in the CDS. They are more likely to work part time, tend to occupy lower positions in the organisation and are less likely to have a postgraduate qualification than men.