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"Davis, Radford G"
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Animals, diseases, and human health : shaping our lives now and in the future
\"This book explains how animals shape our lives and our health, providing evidence that a \"One Health\" approach is the only logical methodology for advancing human health in the future\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
HIV/AIDS Education: Still an Important Issue for Veterinarians
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a significant cause of immunosuppression that puts infected individuals at higher risk for developing severe complications from zoonotic infections and other animal-related hazards. The number of people living with HIV grows each year, assuring that veterinary practitioners will have clients and/or employees who are afflicted with HIV/AIDS. Veterinarians need to better understand HIV/AIDS for many reasons: to dispel unfounded beliefs; to address discrimination and liability issues; to educate and protect the health of clients and employees; to help those with HIV/AIDS keep their pets; and to meet legal and professional requirements. To do this, veterinarians must become proactive in learning about HIV/AIDS and in reaching out to pet owners living with HIV/AIDS, as well as the physicians of those individuals. Through discussion on historical and contemporary issues surrounding HIV/AIDS, this article examines why veterinarians need to better understand HIV/AIDS, advocates for more time in the veterinary curriculum on the topic of HIV/AIDS, and provides resources for veterinarians and their clients.
Journal Article
Malcolm X's Michigan Worldview
The provocative debate about Malcolm X's legacy that emerged after the publication of Manning Marable's 2011 biography raised critical questions about the revolutionary Black Nationalist's importance to American and world affairs: What was Malcolm's association with the Nation of Islam? How should we interpret Malcolm's discourses? Was Malcolm antifeminist? What is Malcolm's legacy in contemporary public affairs? How do Malcolm's early childhood experiences in Michigan shape and inform his worldview? Was Malcolm trending toward socialism during his final year? Malcolm X's Michigan Worldviewresponds to these questions by presenting Malcolm's subject as an iconography used to deepen understanding of African descendent peoples' experiences through advanced research and disciplinary study. A Black studies reader that uses the biography of Malcolm X both to interrogate key aspects of the Black world experience and to contribute to the intellectual expansion of the discipline, the book presents Malcolm as a Black subject who represents, symbolizes, and associates meaning with the Black/Africana studies discipline. Through a range of multidisciplinary prisms and themes including discourse, race, culture, religion, gender, politics, and community, this rich volume elicits insights about the Malcolm iconography that contribute to the continuous formulation, deepening, and strengthening of the Black studies discipline.
eBook
APOE4 exacerbates synapse loss and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease patient iPSC-derived cerebral organoids
APOE4
is the strongest genetic risk factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To address the underlying mechanism, we develop cerebral organoid models using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with
APOE
ε3/ε3 or ε4/ε4 genotype from individuals with either normal cognition or AD dementia. Cerebral organoids from AD patients carrying
APOE
ε4/ε4 show greater apoptosis and decreased synaptic integrity. While AD patient-derived cerebral organoids have increased levels of Aβ and phosphorylated tau compared to healthy subject-derived cerebral organoids,
APOE4
exacerbates tau pathology in both healthy subject-derived and AD patient-derived organoids. Transcriptomics analysis by RNA-sequencing reveals that cerebral organoids from AD patients are associated with an enhancement of stress granules and disrupted RNA metabolism. Importantly, isogenic conversion of
APOE4
to
APOE3
attenuates the
APOE4
-related phenotypes in cerebral organoids from AD patients. Together, our study using human iPSC-organoids recapitulates
APOE4
-related phenotypes and suggests
APOE4
-related degenerative pathways contributing to AD pathogenesis.
APOE4
is a strong genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors show that
APOE4
is associated with AD features in hiPSCs-derived cerebral organoids. Isogenic conversion of
APOE4
to
APOE3
attenuates the AD-associated phenotype.
Journal Article
Apolipoprotein E regulates lipid metabolism and α-synuclein pathology in human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids
APOE4 is a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies; however, how its expression impacts pathogenic pathways in a human-relevant system is not clear. Here using human iPSC-derived cerebral organoid models, we find that APOE deletion increases α-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation accompanied with synaptic loss, reduction of GBA levels, lipid droplet accumulation and dysregulation of intracellular organelles. These phenotypes are partially rescued by exogenous apoE2 and apoE3, but not apoE4. Lipidomics analysis detects the increased fatty acid utilization and cholesterol ester accumulation in apoE-deficient cerebral organoids. Furthermore, APOE4 cerebral organoids have increased αSyn accumulation compared to those with APOE3. Carrying APOE4 also increases apoE association with Lewy bodies in postmortem brains from patients with Lewy body disease. Our findings reveal the predominant role of apoE in lipid metabolism and αSyn pathology in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids, providing mechanistic insights into how APOE4 drives the risk for synucleinopathies.
Journal Article
Effect of Exogenous Ketones as an Adjunct to Low-Calorie Diet on Metabolic Markers
Background/Objectives: Overweight and obesity affect a majority of adults, contributing to metabolic disorders. Caloric restriction often leads to undesirable lean mass loss alongside fat reduction. This study investigated whether exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) supplementation, as an adjunct to a hypocaloric diet, improves body composition and metabolic markers in overweight and obese adults by preferentially reducing fat mass while preserving lean mass. Methods: In this 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 51 adults were assigned to receive either racemic BHB mineral salts or placebo (maltodextrin) twice daily, alongside modest caloric restriction. Assessments at baseline and week 8 included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition, indirect calorimetry for resting metabolic rate (RMR), and venous blood analyses for cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g., lipids, HOMA-IR, uric acid, liver enzymes). Results: Body mass decreased in both groups over the intervention (p < 0.01 within placebo and p < 0.001 within BHB). Within the BHB group, fat mass decreased significantly (−2 kg; p < 0.05 vs. baseline), body fat percentage improved (p < 0.01 vs. baseline), and lean-to-fat mass ratio increased (p < 0.05 vs. baseline); no such significant changes were observed within the placebo group. Group × time interactions were not significant for these body composition variables (p > 0.05). Furthermore, lean mass was largely preserved, with no declines in RMR. Within the BHB group, LDL cholesterol was reduced (p < 0.05 vs. baseline), while other lipids, HOMA-IR, and uric acid remained stable, with liver enzymes showing a positive change. Conclusions: Exogenous BHB supplementation may enhance the quality of diet-induced weight loss through within-group improvements in fat mass reduction and lean mass preservation, with no adverse metabolic impacts.
Journal Article
Health-related quality of life in survivors of septic shock: 6-month follow-up from the ADRENAL trial
PurposeTo investigate the impact of hydrocortisone treatment and illness severity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months in septic shock survivors from the ADRENAL trial.MethodsUsing the EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) at 6 months after randomization we assessed HRQoL in patient subgroups defined by hydrocortisone or placebo treatment, gender, illness severity (APACHE II < or ≥ 25), and severity of shock (baseline peak catecholamine doses < or ≥ 15 mcg/min). Additionally, in subgroups defined by post-randomisation variables; time to shock reversal (days), treatment with renal replacement therapy (RRT), and presence of bacteremia.ResultsAt 6 months, there were 2521 survivors. Of these 2151 patients (85.3%-1080 hydrocortisone and 1071 placebo) completed 6-month follow-up. Overall, at 6 months the mean EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale (VAS) was 70.8, mean utility score 59.4. Between 15% and 30% of patients reported moderate to severe problems in any given HRQoL domain. There were no differences in any EQ-5D-5L domain in patients who received hydrocortisone vs. placebo, nor in the mean VAS (p = 0.6161), or mean utility score (p = 0.7611). In all patients combined, males experienced lower pain levels compared to females [p = 0.0002). Neither higher severity of illness or shock impacted reported HRQoL. In post-randomisation subgroups, longer time to shock reversal was associated with increased problems with mobility (p = < 0.0001]; self-care (p = 0.0.0142), usual activities (p = <0.0001] and pain (p = 0.0384). Amongst those treated with RRT, more patients reported increased problems with mobility (p = 0.0307) and usual activities (p = 0.0048) compared to those not treated. Bacteraemia was not associated with worse HRQoL in any domains of the EQ-5D-5L.ConclusionsApproximately one fifth of septic shock survivors report moderate to extreme problems in HRQoL domains at 6 months. Hydrocortisone treatment for septic shock was not associated with improved HRQoL at 6 months. Female gender was associated with worse pain at 6 months.
Journal Article
Voices of chemical biology
We asked a collection of chemical biologists, “What is the most exciting frontier area in chemical biology and what key technology is needed to advance knowledge and applications in this area?” and reveal some of the perspectives we received.
Journal Article