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"De, R."
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Evaluation of Organic Acids and Ultrasound as Pretreatment in Convective Drying Kinetics and Quality Parameters of Pumpkin
There is a growing interest in the food industry in new drying technologies that reduce the time required for dehydration, combined with low energy consumption, low environmental impact, and maintenance of the overall quality of the product. This work investigated convective drying of pumpkin with and without ultrasound-organic (citric or acetic) acid pretreatment for different durations (10, 20, and 30 min). Drying was carried out at 60 °C, and the Wang and Singh model had the best fit for the experimental data. Samples pretreated for 30 min had the shortest drying times. Water diffusivities ranged from 6.68 × 10−8 m2/s to 7.31 × 10−8 m2/s, with the pretreated samples presenting the highest values. The dried pumpkin water activity values were below 0.60. Regarding color parameters, there was a slight increase in luminosity, a slight reduction in a*, and a significant increase in b*. Drying resulted in the loss of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, but the samples pretreated with citric acid showed better retention. There was also a reduction in the total carotenoid content, but samples pretreated with acetic acid for 10 and 20 min showed the best retention.
Journal Article
Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers
Somatic hotspot mutations and structural amplifications and fusions that affect fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (encoded by
FGFR2
) occur in multiple types of cancer
1
. However, clinical responses to FGFR inhibitors have remained variable
1
–
9
, emphasizing the need to better understand which
FGFR2
alterations are oncogenic and therapeutically targetable. Here we apply transposon-based screening
10
,
11
and tumour modelling in mice
12
,
13
, and find that the truncation of exon 18 (E18) of
Fgfr2
is a potent driver mutation. Human oncogenomic datasets revealed a diverse set of
FGFR2
alterations, including rearrangements, E1–E17 partial amplifications, and E18 nonsense and frameshift mutations, each causing the transcription of E18-truncated
FGFR2
(
FGFR2
ΔE18
). Functional in vitro and in vivo examination of a compendium of
FGFR2
ΔE18
and full-length variants pinpointed
FGFR2
-E18 truncation as single-driver alteration in cancer. By contrast, the oncogenic competence of
FGFR2
full-length amplifications depended on a distinct landscape of cooperating driver genes. This suggests that genomic alterations that generate stable
FGFR2
ΔE18
variants are actionable therapeutic targets, which we confirmed in preclinical mouse and human tumour models, and in a clinical trial. We propose that cancers containing any
FGFR2
variant with a truncated E18 should be considered for FGFR-targeted therapies.
Truncation of exon 18 of
FGFR2
(
FGFR2
ΔE18
) is a potent driver mutation in mice and humans, and FGFR-targeted therapy should be considered for patients with cancer expressing stable
FGFR2
ΔE18
variants.
Journal Article
Engineering low-temperature proximity effect in clean metals by spectral singularities
The present study investigates the behavior of the Cooper pair wave function in a normal metal (NM) near superconductor-NM-junctions, specifically focusing on the ballistic regime at zero temperature. It is widely assumed that the wave function follows a power-law decay, with the decay exponents dependent on the system’s dimensionality. Our work reveals that the multiband nature of a compound significantly influences the damping degree of pair amplitudes in an NM, rendering it sensitive to the position of the Fermi level. To explore this phenomenon, we employ the numerical method of self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations, utilizing a nanowire as a model for an electronic multiband system. By analyzing the obtained pair amplitudes, we extract relevant lengths and exponents that characterize the leakage of superconducting correlations. We further examine this phenomenon by varying the sample’s cross-sectional size and the superconducting coupling constant. Consequently, our findings demonstrate that the properties of a superconducting/NM junction’s proximity effect can be manipulated not only through temperature, total impurity and defect density, but also by controlling the position of the Fermi level. This tunability enables the transition from a long-range regime to a short-range one, providing valuable insights for designing and understanding such junctions in practical applications.
Journal Article
Randomized Delayed-Start Trial of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease
In a randomized, delayed-start trial of levodopa in Parkinson’s disease, with one group receiving the drug for 80 weeks and the other starting at 40 weeks, the difference between the groups in the progression of symptoms was not significant.
Journal Article
Bacteriophage trigger antiviral immunity and prevent clearance of bacterial infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa ) is a multidrug-resistant Gramnegative bacterium commonly found in health care settings. Pa infections frequently result in considerable morbidity and mortality. Sweere et al. found that a type of temperate filamentous bacteriophage that infects and integrates into Pa is associated with chronic human wound infections. Likewise, wounds in mice colonized with phage-infected Pa were more severe and longer-lasting than those colonized by Pa alone. Immune cell uptake of phage-infected Pa resulted in phage RNA production and inappropriate antiviral immune responses, impeding bacterial clearance. Both phage vaccination and transfer of antiphage antibodies were protective against Pa infection. Science , this issue p. eaat9691 Bacteriophage enhance bacterial virulence by confusing the immune response. Bacteriophage are abundant at sites of bacterial infection, but their effects on mammalian hosts are unclear. We have identified pathogenic roles for filamentous Pf bacteriophage produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa ) in suppression of immunity against bacterial infection. Pf promote Pa wound infection in mice and are associated with chronic human Pa wound infections. Murine and human leukocytes endocytose Pf, and internalization of this single-stranded DNA virus results in phage RNA production. This triggers Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)– and TIR domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)–dependent type I interferon production, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the suppression of phagocytosis. Conversely, immunization of mice against Pf prevents Pa wound infection. Thus, Pf triggers maladaptive innate viral pattern-recognition responses, which impair bacterial clearance. Vaccination against phage virions represents a potential strategy to prevent bacterial infection.
Journal Article