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Background/Objectives: Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), or hereditary ataxia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor control and voluntary muscle coordination due to cerebellar or spinocerebellar dysfunction. While numerous genetic variants have been linked to SCA in both humans and dogs, some cases remain genetically unexplained. This study aimed to describe the clinical and pathological phenotype, and to identify the genetic basis, of an atypical form of SCA observed in a mixed-breed dog presenting with additional clinical signs beyond classic SCA. Methods: Clinical and postmortem examinations were performed to document neurological and systemic pathology. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted on the affected dog, and variant filtering was carried out using a control cohort of over 700 unaffected dog genomes to identify candidate variants. Results: In addition to classical SCA features, the affected dog exhibited retinal and optic nerve degeneration and severe, non-regenerative anemia. WGS did not reveal any known SCA-associated variants. Variant filtering identified a novel homozygous 4-base-pair frameshift deletion in CLPX (caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X) [XM_038580726.1:c.1723_1726del; chr30:g.29943285_29943288del]. This variant is predicted to cause a frameshift and premature stop codon within 17 amino acids, truncating approximately 6.64% of the protein. Conclusions: This is the first report associating a CLPX variant with SCA in any species. Given the gene’s high evolutionary conservation and known role in mitochondrial protein homeostasis, this finding may have implications for understanding CLPX-related neurodegeneration and anemia in both veterinary and human medicine.

The subfamily Parvovirinae within the family Parvoviridae consists of viruses that can infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts and cause effects ranging from severe disease to asymptomatic infection. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was utilized to analyze samples obtained from an abortion outbreak in a sheep flock to identify a putative viral etiology. A highly divergent nearly complete parvovirid genome sequence, approximately 4.9 kb in length, was determined. The nonstructural protein (NS1) amino acid (aa) sequence of this virus shared less than 30% identity with those of other copiparvoviruses and less than 22% identity with those of members of other genera in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Phylogenetically, this virus, which we have provisionally named \"sheep copiparvovirus 1\", formed a cluster with copiparvovirus sequences and should be classified as a member of a new species in the genus Copiparvovirus.

Mastitis may be caused by a wide range of microorganisms able to induce distinct lesions in mammary tissues. This study aims to characterize the gross and microscopic features of mastitis in dairy cows and to correlate them with the pathogens involved. The udders of slaughtered dairy cows were inspected and milk samples from each mammary quarter or fragments of the parenchyma were sent for microbiological analysis, and tissue collected for histopathological evaluation. A total of 148 cows and 592 mammary quarters were collected. From these, 432 quarters (73%) had mastitis and in 160 (27%), no changes were observed. Mastitis was classified into seven patterns based on the histopathological findings, of which mixed, lymphoplasmacytic, and suppurative mastitides were the most prevalent with 35.9% (155/432), 27.1% (117/432), and 14.3% (62/432) of the cases, respectively. These patterns were associated with the same set of pathogens: Streptococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, and Corynebacterium bovis. The pyogranulomatous pattern represented 7.2% (31/432) of the cases with distinct distribution based on the agent involved, mostly S. aureus and Nocardia sp. Abscedative mastitis accounted for 6.0% (26/432) of the cases; it was characterized by multiple abscesses in the parenchyma and was mainly caused by Trueperella pyogenes. Necrosuppurative mastitis represented 5.8% (25/432) of the cases which were characterized by severe parenchyma necrosis and were caused by bacteria such as CNS and Escherichia coli. The granulomatous pattern represented 3.7% (16/432) of the cases and was occasionally associated with Mycobacterium sp.

This study evaluated the effects of curcumin and/or insulin on antioxidant enzyme activity in blood, liver, and kidney, as well as on lipid peroxidation and delta aminolevulinic dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity, and a histopathological analysis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into six groups ( n  = 6): control/saline (C); control/curcumin (CCur); diabetic/saline (D); diabetic/insulin (DIns); diabetic/curcumin (DCur); and diabetic/insulin/curcumin (DInsCur). After 30 days of treatment with curcumin and/or insulin, the animals were sacrificed and the liver, kidney, and serum were used for experimental determinations. Results of histopathological analysis showed that the treatment with insulin ameliorate renal and hepatic lesions from both DIns and DInsCur groups. TBARS levels were significantly increased in serum, liver, and kidney in D group and the administration of curcumin and insulin prevented this increase in DIns and DCur groups. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, and δ-ALA-D presented a significant decrease in the liver and kidney D group when compared to C group ( P  < 0.05). The animals treated with curcumin and insulin presented an increase of CAT activity, revealing a positive interaction between both substances. The treatments with curcumin or insulin prevented oxidative stress in blood, through modulation of enzymatic antioxidant defenses. These findings contributed to the comprehension that antioxidants from medicinal plants could be used as adjuvant in the treatment of this endocrinopathy and not as single therapy.

Electron and photon triggers covering transverse energies from 5  GeV to several TeV are essential for the ATLAS experiment to record signals for a wide variety of physics: from Standard Model processes to searches for new phenomena in both proton–proton and heavy-ion collisions. To cope with a fourfold increase of peak LHC luminosity from 2015 to 2018 (Run 2), to 2.1 × 10 34 cm - 2 s - 1 , and a similar increase in the number of interactions per beam-crossing to about 60, trigger algorithms and selections were optimised to control the rates while retaining a high efficiency for physics analyses. For proton–proton collisions, the single-electron trigger efficiency relative to a single-electron offline selection is at least 75% for an offline electron of 31  GeV , and rises to 96% at 60  GeV ; the trigger efficiency of a 25  GeV leg of the primary diphoton trigger relative to a tight offline photon selection is more than 96% for an offline photon of 30  GeV . For heavy-ion collisions, the primary electron and photon trigger efficiencies relative to the corresponding standard offline selections are at least 84% and 95%, respectively, at 5  GeV above the corresponding trigger threshold.

Single- and double-differential cross-section measurements are presented for the production of top-quark pairs, in the lepton + jets channel at particle and parton level. Two topologies, resolved and boosted, are considered and the results are presented as a function of several kinematic variables characterising the top and tt¯ system and jet multiplicities. The study was performed using data from pp collisions at centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36fb-1. Due to the large tt¯ cross-section at the LHC, such measurements allow a detailed study of the properties of top-quark production and decay, enabling precision tests of several Monte Carlo generators and fixed-order Standard Model predictions. Overall, there is good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the data.

The inclusive top quark pair ( t t ¯ ) production cross-section σ t t ¯ has been measured in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV , using 36.1 fb - 1 of data collected in 2015–2016 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Using events with an opposite-charge e μ pair and b -tagged jets, the cross-section is measured to be: σ t t ¯ = 826.4 ± 3.6 ( stat ) ± 11.5 ( syst ) ± 15.7 ( lumi ) ± 1.9 ( beam ) pb , where the uncertainties reflect the limited size of the data sample, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity, and the LHC beam energy, giving a total uncertainty of 2.4%. The result is consistent with theoretical QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. It is used to determine the top quark pole mass via the dependence of the predicted cross-section on m t pole , giving m t pole = 173 . 1 - 2.1 + 2.0 GeV . It is also combined with measurements at s = 7 TeV and s = 8 TeV to derive ratios and double ratios of t t ¯ and Z cross-sections at different energies. The same event sample is used to measure absolute and normalised differential cross-sections as functions of single-lepton and dilepton kinematic variables, and the results are compared with predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators.

The results of a search for electroweakino pair production p p → χ ~ 1 ± χ ~ 2 0 in which the chargino ( χ ~ 1 ± ) decays into a W boson and the lightest neutralino ( χ ~ 1 0 ), while the heavier neutralino ( χ ~ 2 0 ) decays into the Standard Model 125 GeV Higgs boson and a second χ ~ 1 0 are presented. The signal selection requires a pair of b -tagged jets consistent with those from a Higgs boson decay, and either an electron or a muon from the W boson decay, together with missing transverse momentum from the corresponding neutrino and the stable neutralinos. The analysis is based on data corresponding to 139  fb - 1 of s = 13 TeV pp collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. No statistically significant evidence of an excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of the electroweakinos in simplified models, assuming pure wino cross-sections. Masses of χ ~ 1 ± / χ ~ 2 0 up to 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless χ ~ 1 0 .

A measurement of the Bs0→J/ψϕ decay parameters using 80.5fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected with the ATLAS detector from 13 Te proton–proton collisions at the LHC is presented. The measured parameters include the CP-violating phase ϕs, the width difference ΔΓs between the Bs0 meson mass eigenstates and the average decay width Γs. The values measured for the physical parameters are combined with those from 19.2fb-1 of 7 and 8 Te data, leading to the following: ϕs=-0.087±0.036(stat.)±0.021(syst.)radΔΓs=0.0657±0.0043(stat.)±0.0037(syst.)ps-1Γs=0.6703±0.0014(stat.)±0.0018(syst.)ps-1Results for ϕs and ΔΓs are also presented as 68% confidence level contours in the ϕs–ΔΓs plane. Furthermore the transversity amplitudes and corresponding strong phases are measured. ϕs and ΔΓs measurements are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions.

A bstract A search for Higgs boson pair production via vector-boson fusion (VBF) in the b b ¯ b b ¯ final state is carried out with the ATLAS experiment using 126 fb − 1 of proton- proton collision data delivered at s = 13 TeV by the Large Hadron Collider. This search is sensitive to VBF production of additional heavy bosons that may decay into Higgs boson pairs, and in a non-resonant topology it can constrain the quartic coupling between the Higgs bosons and vector bosons. No significant excess relative to the Standard Model expectation is observed, and limits on the production cross-section are set at the 95% confidence level for a heavy scalar resonance in the context of an extended Higgs sector, and for non-resonant Higgs boson pair production. Interpretation in terms of the coupling between a Higgs boson pair and two vector bosons is also provided: coupling values normalised to the Standard Model expectation of κ 2 V < − 0 . 76 and κ 2 V > 2 . 90 are excluded at the 95% confidence level in data.