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"Dean, David"
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Transport and dispersion across wiggling nanopores
The transport of fluids at the nanoscale has achieved major breakthroughs over recent years1–4; however, artificial channels still cannot match the efficiency of biological porins in terms of fluxes or selectivity. Pore shape agitation—due to thermal fluctuations or in response to external stimuli—is believed to facilitate transport in biochannels5–9, but its impact on transport in artificial pores remains largely unexplored. Here we introduce a general theory for transport through thermally or actively fluctuating channels, which quantifies the impact of pore fluctuations on confined diffusion in terms of the spectral statistics of the channel fluctuations. Our findings demonstrate a complex interplay between transport and surface wiggling: agitation enhances diffusion via the induced fluid flow, but spatial variations in pore geometry can induce a slowing down via entropic trapping, in full agreement with molecular dynamics simulations and existing observations from the literature. Our results elucidate the impact of pore agitation in a broad range of artificial and biological porins, but also, at larger scales, in vascular motion in fungi, intestinal contractions and microfluidic surface waves. These results open up the possibility that transport across membranes can be actively tuned by external stimuli, with potential applications to nanoscale pumping, osmosis and dynamical ultrafiltration.
Journal Article
Saudi Arabia : a modern history
In this comprehensive account, David Commins narrates the full history of Saudi Arabia from oasis emirate to present-day attempts to leap to a post-petroleum economy. Moving through the ages, Commins traces how the Saud dynasty's reliance on sectarianism, foreign expertise, and petroleum to stabilize power has unintentionally spawned secular and religious movements seeking accountability and justice. He incorporates the experiences of activists, women, religious minorities, Bedouin, and expatriate workers as the country transformed from subsistence agrarian life to urban consumer society. This is a perceptive portrait of Saudi Arabia's complex and evolving story - and a country that is all too easily misunderstood.
BOOK
A Fully Magnetically Levitated Circulatory Pump for Advanced Heart Failure
In a randomized trial, 294 patients with advanced heart failure were assigned to receive either a new centrifugal-flow pump or an axial-flow pump. At 6 months, the centrifugal-flow pump was associated with better outcomes.
A scarcity of effective therapeutic options for advanced heart failure has led to the development of durable mechanical circulatory support devices. Left ventricular assist devices, more accurately known as left ventricular assist systems, increase the rate of survival and improve quality of life among patients with advanced heart failure. However, these clinical benefits are balanced by an increased risk of infection, bleeding, neurologic events, and pump malfunction that is due principally to pump thrombosis.
1
,
2
As adoption of circulatory pumps has expanded, concerns about pump thrombosis have heightened. In 2013, two reports suggested that there has been an increase in . . .
Journal Article
Tamil : a biography
This book explores two millennia of south Indian Tamil civilization, with a special emphasis on the way Tamil speakers and literati understood the unique features of their language and the major cultural themes articulated in Tamil over this long time span. Tamil is one of the great world languages, with its 80 million speakers, its ancient, classical past, and the profound richness of its cultural traditions, which spread throughout South Asia and beyond to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia and, today, to a large Tamil Diaspora scattered around the globe. Presented in the format of a south Indian musical composition, the chapters take the reader through the whole of Tamil cultural history, from its beginnings at the end of the first millennium B.C. through the stunning poems of love and war known as \"Sangam Poetry\", the burst of intense religious movements in the mid-first-millennium A.D., the Chola period of imperial expansion, and into late-medieval and modern times, including present-day Tamil politics and the vast cultural production of Chennai, Madurai, and Tanjavur. The treasures of the Tamil language deserve a wide audience--thus the book is aimed at readers with no special knowledge of India no less than at speakers and connoisseurs of Tamil. Translated verses and spicy stories of poets, lovers, musicians, warriors and kings fill the pages of this book, which paints a wide-angle, panoramic canvas of one of the most creative civilizations in the history of South Asia as it evolved and transformed itself from the distant past up to our own generation.-- Provided by publisher
BOOK
Gene transfer of MRCKα rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by restoring alveolar capillary barrier function
Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is characterized by alveolar edema accumulation with reduced alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, and substantial inflammation, all leading to acute respiratory failure. Enhancing AFC has long been considered one of the primary therapeutic goals in gene therapy treatments for ARDS. We previously showed that electroporation-mediated gene delivery of the Na
+
, K
+
-ATPase β1 subunit not only increased AFC, but also restored alveolar barrier function through upregulation of tight junction proteins, leading to treatment of LPS-induced ALI in mice. We identified MRCKα as an interaction partner of β1 which mediates this upregulation in cultured alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, we investigate whether electroporation-mediated gene transfer of MRCKα to the lungs can attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury in vivo. Compared to mice that received a non-expressing plasmid, those receiving the MRCKα plasmid showed attenuated LPS-increased pulmonary edema and lung leakage, restored tight junction protein expression, and improved overall outcomes. Interestingly, gene transfer of MRCKα did not alter AFC rates. Studies using both cultured microvascular endothelial cells and mice suggest that β1 and MRCKα upregulate junctional complexes in both alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial cells, and that one or both barriers may be positively affected by our approach. Our data support a model of treatment for ALI/ARDS in which improvement of alveolar-capillary barrier function alone may be of more benefit than improvement of alveolar fluid clearance.
Journal Article
Highly stable, antiviral, antibacterial cotton textiles via molecular engineering
Cotton textiles are ubiquitous in daily life and are also one of the primary mediums for transmitting viruses and bacteria. Conventional approaches to fabricating antiviral and antibacterial textiles generally load functional additives onto the surface of the fabric and/or their microfibres. However, such modifications are susceptible to deterioration after long-term use due to leaching of the additives. Here we show a different method to impregnate copper ions into the cellulose matrix to form a copper ion-textile (Cu-IT), in which the copper ions strongly coordinate with the oxygen-containing polar functional groups (for example, hydroxyl) of the cellulose chains. The Cu-IT displays high antiviral and antibacterial performance against tobacco mosaic virus and influenza A virus, and
Escherichia coli
,
Salmonella typhimurium
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Bacillus subtilis
bacteria due to the antimicrobial properties of copper. Furthermore, the strong coordination bonding of copper ions with the hydroxyl functionalities endows the Cu-IT with excellent air/water retainability and superior mechanical stability, which can meet daily use and resist repeated washing. This method to fabricate Cu-IT is cost-effective, ecofriendly and highly scalable, and this textile appears very promising for use in household products, public facilities and medical settings.
An antiviral and antibacterial cotton textile based on a fundamentally different principle of incorporating copper ions into the cotton structure at the atomic level is fabricated with excellent air/water retainability and superior mechanical stability.
Journal Article
Finding Nori—Understanding Key Factors Driving US Consumers’ Commitment for Sea-Vegetable Products
The trend toward sustainable and healthy food consumption has stimulated widespread debate. US consumers demand healthy and sustainable food options and are increasingly interested in alternative proteins such as macro-algae, also known as sea-vegetables. The present study is built on the responses of an online survey aiming to explore US consumers’ commitment towards varying sea-vegetable-based products. Affordability, sustainability, taste, environmental friendliness, and health benefits, as well as product novelty and versatility, were the factors under investigation. All factors were found to be equally strong predictors for sea-vegetable product commitment. Best-practice recommendations for US food marketers and agricultural producers are also provided.
Journal Article