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"Dean, Michelle L"
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CXCR4 expression in lung carcinogenesis: Evaluating gender-specific differences in survival outcomes based on CXCR4 expression in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients
Evidence suggests that the expression of certain cytokine receptors increases with lung cancer evolution. Overexpression of the cytokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with poor outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with shorter survival in females with high CXCR4 expression. This study quantifies CXCR4 expression in early stage disease and evaluates its association with gender-specific recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected stage I-III NSCLC patients.
Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from the Glans-Look Lung Cancer (G-LLC) database for early stage NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2003-2006 at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (TBCC). CXCR4 expression was quantified on tissue microarrays (TMA). Median RFS and OS were evaluated by gender using Kaplan-Meier analyses. CXCR4 expression and outcome data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) and multi-state models (MSM).
176 stage I-III NSCLC patients were identified. CXCR4 expression was lower in early stage NSCLC patients, with a mean CXCR4 expression of 1729 (SD 1083) compared to 2640 (SD 1541) in stage IV patients. On Kaplan-Meier, median RFS by gender was similar (male 52.8 months vs. female 54.5 months) as was median OS (male 80.9 months vs. female 89.0 months), and there was no significant difference in RFS (p = 0.60) or OS (p = 0.30) by gender and CXCR4 groups over follow-up. By multivariable analysis, CXCR4 expression was not prognostic for RFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.00, p = 0.73) or OS (HR = 1.00, p = 0.44), and no gender difference was observed.
CXCR4 expression increases with stage progression in NSCLC but is not prognostic in early stage NSCLC patients of either gender. Mechanisms by which CXCR4 expression increases during lung carcinogenesis warrant further exploration and testing in clinical trials.
Journal Article
CXCR4 expression in lung carcinogenesis: Evaluating gender-specific differences in survival outcomes based on CXCR4 expression in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients
Evidence suggests that the expression of certain cytokine receptors increases with lung cancer evolution. Overexpression of the cytokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with poor outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with shorter survival in females with high CXCR4 expression. This study quantifies CXCR4 expression in early stage disease and evaluates its association with gender-specific recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected stage I-III NSCLC patients. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from the Glans-Look Lung Cancer (G-LLC) database for early stage NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2003-2006 at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (TBCC). CXCR4 expression was quantified on tissue microarrays (TMA). Median RFS and OS were evaluated by gender using Kaplan-Meier analyses. CXCR4 expression and outcome data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) and multi-state models (MSM). 176 stage I-III NSCLC patients were identified. CXCR4 expression was lower in early stage NSCLC patients, with a mean CXCR4 expression of 1729 (SD 1083) compared to 2640 (SD 1541) in stage IV patients. On Kaplan-Meier, median RFS by gender was similar (male 52.8 months vs. female 54.5 months) as was median OS (male 80.9 months vs. female 89.0 months), and there was no significant difference in RFS (p = 0.60) or OS (p = 0.30) by gender and CXCR4 groups over follow-up. By multivariable analysis, CXCR4 expression was not prognostic for RFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.00, p = 0.73) or OS (HR = 1.00, p = 0.44), and no gender difference was observed. CXCR4 expression increases with stage progression in NSCLC but is not prognostic in early stage NSCLC patients of either gender. Mechanisms by which CXCR4 expression increases during lung carcinogenesis warrant further exploration and testing in clinical trials.
Journal Article
CXCR4 expression in lung carcinogenesis: Evaluating gender-specific differences in survival outcomes based on CXCR4 expression in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients
Evidence suggests that the expression of certain cytokine receptors increases with lung cancer evolution. Overexpression of the cytokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with poor outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with shorter survival in females with high CXCR4 expression. This study quantifies CXCR4 expression in early stage disease and evaluates its association with gender-specific recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected stage I-III NSCLC patients. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from the Glans-Look Lung Cancer (G-LLC) database for early stage NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2003-2006 at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (TBCC). CXCR4 expression was quantified on tissue microarrays (TMA). Median RFS and OS were evaluated by gender using Kaplan-Meier analyses. CXCR4 expression and outcome data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) and multi-state models (MSM). 176 stage I-III NSCLC patients were identified. CXCR4 expression was lower in early stage NSCLC patients, with a mean CXCR4 expression of 1729 (SD 1083) compared to 2640 (SD 1541) in stage IV patients. On Kaplan-Meier, median RFS by gender was similar (male 52.8 months vs. female 54.5 months) as was median OS (male 80.9 months vs. female 89.0 months), and there was no significant difference in RFS (p = 0.60) or OS (p = 0.30) by gender and CXCR4 groups over follow-up. By multivariable analysis, CXCR4 expression was not prognostic for RFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.00, p = 0.73) or OS (HR = 1.00, p = 0.44), and no gender difference was observed. CXCR4 expression increases with stage progression in NSCLC but is not prognostic in early stage NSCLC patients of either gender. Mechanisms by which CXCR4 expression increases during lung carcinogenesis warrant further exploration and testing in clinical trials.
Journal Article
A Comparison of the Utility of the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF in Identifying Completion Outcomes with Substance Use Disorder Treatment
The present study examined the utility of both the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF in a substance abuse treatment setting. In the study, the substance abuse treatment non-completers were predicted to score significantly higher than treatment completers on the following scales: Addiction Admission Scale (AAS), MacAndrew Alcoholism Revised Scale (MAC-R), Addiction Potential Scale (APS), Substance Abuse Scale (SUB), Psychopathic Deviate (Clinical Scale 4), Psychasthenia (Clinical Scale 7), Antisocial Behavior (RC4), Dysfunctional Negative Emotions (RC7), Anxiety Scale (ANX), and Anxiety Scale (AXY). The 294 participants were administered the MMPI-2 and their data was converted to MMPI-2-RF scales. Independent samples t-tests compared the means between treatment completers and non-completers. The results indicated that the non-completers had significantly higher scores than completers on the MMPI-2 AAS and the MMPI-2-RF AXY scale. Results of the present study indicated that the MMPI-2 AAS and the MMPI-2-RF SUB scale produced clinically elevated mean T scores across both treatment outcome groups. Descriptive statistics were calculated to make comparisons of the corresponding scales. The results showed that Clinical Scale 7 produced substantially higher elevations than RC7. Exploratory analysis conducted on the remaining scales indicated that the MMPI-2-RF Disconstraint-Revised Scale (DISC-r), the Mechanical-Physical Interests Scale (MEC), and the Multiple Specific Fears Scale (MSF) had significantly different means between completers and non-completers. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Dissertation
Part A: Investigations of the Synthesis of Pyrazinochlorins and Other Porphyrin Derivatives. Part B: investigations of Student Translation Between 2-D/3-D Representations of Molecules
This dissertation will be composed of two parts. The first part was completed under the direction of Dr. Christian Brückner and outlines the synthesis of porphyrins and related derivatives. It explores specifically the synthesis of pyrazinoporphyrin, a pyrrole-modified porphyrin, the use of microwaves for porphyrin synthesis, and the synthesis of a novel building block for use in an expanded porphyrin structure. Lastly, this part will describe a laboratory experiment, suitable for an organic chemistry course, which investigates the photophysical properties of porphyrins using brown eggs as a source of protoporphyrin IX. The second part, under the advisement of Dr. Tyson Miller, will detail research conducted on students' ability to translate between two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of molecules. Using the Grounded Theory and a formal interview it was investigated what errors students make as they translate from a two-dimensional drawing to a three-dimensional model, and visa versa. This part also seeks to gain an understanding, through the use of phenomenography what was factors contribute to cognitive overload when drawing chiral centers.
Dissertation
Using Art Therapy with Diverse Populations
Whether working in urban areas with high levels of cultural diversity, providing art therapy to 'unique' populations such as prisoners or asylums seekers, or introducing art therapy programs to parts of the world in which it is not yet established, it is essential that therapists understand the importance of practicing in a culturally sensitive manner. This comprehensive book considers how culture impacts the practice of art therapy in a variety of settings.
With contributions from experienced art therapists who have worked in diverse environments, this book attempts to understand and highlight the specific cultural, subcultural and ethnic influences that inform art therapy treatment. It addresses variable factors including setting, population, environment and ability, and how they influence art therapy approaches. It also considers how cultural differences can impact physical art making through choices of color, symbol and metaphor. Each chapter provides a framework showing how art therapy techniques have been used in order to successfully work with distinct populations. This book will provide practitioners with ideas for how to adapt art therapy training and approaches to suit the setting and meet the needs of a vast range of populations.
Full of informative case studies, this book will be invaluable reading for art therapists and students of art therapy.
eBook
Printmaking
This chapter provides an historical overview of printmaking, the characteristics of printmaking that lend itself to the therapeutic process, and various printmaking techniques and directives that can be adopted within a therapeutic milieu. It focuses on printmaking processes that would be best suited for the most common therapeutic situations. Reflective processes are inherent in all artwork. Just as the early cave prints established a record of the identity of the creator, so too does the print reflect that identity back to the creator, similar to a mirror. Printmaking always has a magical quality. This process is akin to surrendering to a creative muse, the wisdom of an oracle of a higher power. There is a receptivity that is required in the wisdom of the process. Multiple prints reduce the preciousness of a single art production and lend themselves to sharing more freely, uniting a group.
Book Chapter
Breastfeeding and early white matter development: A cross-sectional study
Does breastfeeding alter early brain development? The prevailing consensus from large epidemiological studies posits that early exclusive breastfeeding is associated with improved measures of IQ and cognitive functioning in later childhood and adolescence. Prior morphometric brain imaging studies support these findings, revealing increased white matter and sub-cortical gray matter volume, and parietal lobe cortical thickness, associated with IQ, in adolescents who were breastfed as infants compared to those who were exclusively formula-fed. Yet it remains unknown when these structural differences first manifest and when developmental differences that predict later performance improvements can be detected. In this study, we used quiet magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to compare measures of white matter microstructure (mcDESPOT measures of myelin water fraction) in 133 healthy children from 10months through 4years of age, who were either exclusively breastfed a minimum of 3months; exclusively formula-fed; or received a mixture of breast milk and formula. We also examined the relationship between breastfeeding duration and white matter microstructure. Breastfed children exhibited increased white matter development in later maturing frontal and association brain regions. Positive relationships between white matter microstructure and breastfeeding duration are also exhibited in several brain regions, that are anatomically consistent with observed improvements in cognitive and behavioral performance measures. While the mechanisms underlying these structural differences remains unclear, our findings provide new insight into the earliest developmental advantages associated with breastfeeding, and support the hypothesis that breast milk constituents promote healthy neural growth and white matter development.
•First investigation of breast-feeding and early infant brain myelination.•Breastfed infants shown improved brain development by 2years of age.•Duration of breastfeeding is positively associated with behavioral performance.
Journal Article
Ultrasonography versus Computed Tomography for Suspected Nephrolithiasis
Patients with suspected nephrolithiasis were randomly assigned to ultrasonography performed by an emergency physician or a radiologist or to CT for initial study. Ultrasonography was associated with a lower cumulative radiation dose, with no significant difference in complications.
Journal Article