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Introduction The current multi-center, randomized, double-blind study was conducted among children with cerebral palsy (CP) to assess the safety and efficacy of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell (UCB-MNC). We performed the diffusion tensor imaging to assess the changes in the white matter structure. Methods Males and females aged 4 to 14 years old with spastic CP were included. Eligible participants were allocated in 4:1 ratio to be in the experimental or control groups; respectively. Individuals who were assigned in UCB-MNC group were tested for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and fully-matched individuals were treated with UCB-MNCs. A single dose (5 × 10 6 /kg) UCB-MNCs were administered via intrathecal route in experimental group. The changes in gross motor function measure (GMFM)-66 from baseline to one year after treatment were the primary endpoints. The mean changes in modified Ashworth scale (MAS), pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI), and CP quality of life (CP-QoL) were also evaluated and compared between groups. The mean changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of corticospinal tract (CST) and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR) were the secondary endpoints. Adverse events were safety endpoint. Results There were 72 included individuals (36 cases in each group). The mean GMFM-66 scores increased in experimental group; compared to baseline (+ 9.62; 95%CI: 6.75, 12.49) and control arm (β: 7.10; 95%CI: 2.08, 12.76; Cohen’s d: 0.62) and mean MAS reduced in individuals treated with UCB-MNCs compared to the baseline (-0.87; 95%CI: -1.2, -0.54) and control group (β: -0.58; 95%CI: -1.18, -0.11; Cohen’s d: 0.36). The mean PEDI scores and mean CP-QoL scores in two domains were higher in the experimental group compared to the control. The imaging data indicated that mean FA increased and MD decreased in participants of UCB-MNC group indicating improvements in white matter structure. Lower back pain, headaches, and irritability were the most common adverse events within 24 h of treatment that were related to lumbar puncture. No side effects were observed during follow-up. Conclusions This trial showed that intrathecal injection of UCB-MNCs were safe and effective in children with CP. Trial Registration The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03795974 ).

Background Antihyperglycemic medications can affect more than just glucose control; they may also influence mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between various antidiabetic medications and psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data from patients with T2DM, assessing psychiatric outcomes among these patients using various antidiabetic therapies. Sleep quality, anxiety, and depression were measured using validated scales, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Results This study involved 229 patients with a mean age ± standard deviation of 63.43 ± 10.38 years. The median body mass index (BMI) was 27.18 kg/m 2 , with an interquartile range (IQR) of 24.55–30.10, and the median duration of diabetes was 11.00 years (IQR: 6.00–16.00). The use of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality, as indicated by a higher odds ratio (odds ratio [OR] = 2.076, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016–4.242, P = 0.045). Insulin use was linked to increased anxiety, with an OR of 1.985 (95% CI: 1.007–3.913, P = 0.048). In contrast, sulfonylureas and glinides were associated with lower odds of depression, with an OR of 0.374 (95% CI: 0.182–0.768, P = 0.007). No significant associations were found between thiazolidinediones, metformin, or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and any psychiatric outcomes. Conclusion The use of SGLT2 inhibitors may negatively impact sleep quality, whereas insulin therapy is associated with increased anxiety symptoms. Conversely, sulfonylureas and glinides appear to have a protective effect against depression. These findings underscore the importance of considering psychiatric outcomes when prescribing antidiabetic medications.

PurposeTo investigate associations between gene expression pattern of apoptotic biomarkers in cumulus cells of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and the quality of oocytes and embryos.Methods40 intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients, of whom 20 were PCOS and 20 were healthy women, were included in this study. Serum hormone levels were measured using Radioimmunoassay for each patient. The expression of survivin, caspase-3, and caspase-7 in 200 cumulus complexes surrounding mature oocytes (100 in PCOS versus 100 in control groups) collected individually at pick up was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR).ResultsThe expression levels of survivin were significantly lower in PCOS patients than those of normal women while caspase-3 and caspase-7 expression levels were higher in PCOS patients (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between the levels of these genes and embryo quality.ConclusionsThis study reveals that the measurement of survivin, caspase-3, caspase-7 levels in cumulus cells of PCOS patients could be used as genetic biomarkers for oocyte and embryo selection under an ART program. However, further prospective studies are required to elucidate this issue.

Background: We aimed to investigate the efficiency of neat polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and photocatalytic PAN/TiO2 nanofibers for removal of airborne microorganisms. Methods: Nanofibers were fabricated from 16 wt% of PAN dissolved in dimethyl formamide through the electrospinning technique. The efficiency of media for removal of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis was investigated at different conditions such as face velocity, relative humidity, air temperature and UVC radiation intensity. as face velocity (0.1 and 0.3 m/s), relative humidity (35±5% and 60±5%), air temperature (22±3 °C and 30±3 °C) and the UVC radiation intensity (dark, 1±0.09 mW/cm2 and 1.8±0.07 mW/cm2) using air sampling from upstream and downstream of media by cascade impactor containing blood agar culture medium. Results: The mean diameter of electrospun fibers and coefficient of variation were 194 nm and 15%, respectively. The amount of immobilized TiO2 on the filter was 620±6.56 mg/m2. Photocatalytic nanofiber filter media presented the best performance for removal of airborne B. subtilis at 60±5% relative humidity, 0.1 m/s face velocity, air temperature 22 °C, and 1.8 ± 0.07 mW/cm2 UVC radiation. Conclusion: The filtration efficiency of photocatalytic media was significantly higher than neat ones. Lower efficiency of media was found in the higher air velocity for all bioaerosols. High UVC radiation intensity increased filtration efficiency. Moreover, the increase in air temperature and relative humidity (except for TiO2-coated media under UVC radiation) did not significantly affect the filtration efficiency of all media.

Introduction Cluster of differentiation 166 (CD166), a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) are expressed in a diversity of malignancies and is associated with tumor progression. Although studies regarding the importance of CSC markers and HER-2 in gastric cancer (GC) have rapidly developed, their clinicopathological, prognosis, and diagnosis value still remain unsatisfying in GC. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the clinical, prognostic, and diagnostic significance of CD166 and HER-2 in different histological types of GC. Materials and methods Bioinformatic analysis was applied to determine the clinical importance of CD166 and HER-2 expression based on their tissue localization in primary GC tumors and the normal adjacent samples. The expression patterns, clinical significance, prognosis, and diagnosis value of CD166 and HER-2 proteins in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 206 GC samples, including Signet Ring Cell (SRC) and intestinal types and also 28 adjacent normal tissues were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The results indicated that the expression of CD166 (membranous and cytoplasmic) and HER-2 were significantly up-regulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues ( P  =  0.010 , P  <  0.001 , and P  =  0.011 , respectively). A statistically significant association was detected between a high level of membranous expression of CD166 and lymphovascular invasion ( P  =  0.006 ); We also observed a statistically significant association between high cytoplasmic expression of CD166 protein and more invasion of the subserosa ( P  =  0.040 ) in the SRC type. In contrast, there was no correlation between the expression of HER-2 and clinicopathologic characteristics. Both CD166 and HER-2 showed reasonable accuracy and high specificity as diagnostic markers. Conclusion Our results confirmed that increased membranous and cytoplasmic expression of CD166 showed clinical significance in the SRC type and is associated with the progression of the disease and more aggressive tumor behaviors. These findings can be used to assist in designating subgroups of patients that require different follow-up strategies, and also, they might be utilized as the prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers in these types of GC for prospective clinical application.

Trauma to primary teeth can lead to devastating sequels in development of permanent successors. The disturbance may range from enamel hypoplasia and/or hypo-calcification to arrest of dental bud development. Crown dilaceration of permanent teeth is one of the consequences of trauma to deciduous teeth mainly due to intrusion or avulsion. This report presents a mandibular central incisor with dilacerated crown and yellowish discoloration with symptomatic apical abscess. History revealed avulsion of primary mandibular central incisors. The purpose of this report is to present: 1. Reasons of dilacerated crown, yellowish discoloration and necrotic pulp in this case, 2. Treatment options in different types of crown dilacerations and also in this case. The tooth was successfully managed by nonsurgical root canal therapy and restoration with composite resin to restore esthetics. We emphasize that trauma to deciduous teeth should not be understated, and regular follow up is essential.