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We report the experimental activity on the plasma-discharge capillary tubes suitable for plasma-based accelerators (PBAs) carried out at the SPARC LAB (sources for plasma accelerators and compton with laser and beam) test-facility. A high-voltage discharge is produced inside a Hydrogen-filled capillary tube. Through spectroscopic techniques, the density of the plasma thus produced is monitored either spatially or temporally through the line Stark broadening profiles.

The Free-Electron Laser facility of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB infrastructure is driven by an electron beam with 1 GeV energy, produced by an X-band normal conducting linear accelerator followed by a plasma wakefield acceleration stage. The AQUA beamline aims at delivering variable polarization photons in the 3-4 nm wavelength range by means of out-of-vacuum APPLE-X permanent magnet undulators with 18 mm period length. The main radiator is composed by an array of ten APPLE-X 2 m-long modules. The current AQUA design is investigated and discussed taking into account effects on the FEL performance from off-axis injection as well as from modelling of the resistive wall wakefields in the foreseen vacuum chamber.

241 Americium-boron (α,n) neutron sources have been produced for various application from nuclear industry to well logging or radiation protection. Compared to 241 Americium–beryllium sources their specific emission rate is lower, but their spectrum is narrower, and their production cycle uses boron, which is less toxic than beryllium. Very few data are available in literature about the energy distribution of this neutron source: the 2001 version of Standard ISO 8529-1 reported a reference spectrum derived from 1970s data, exhibiting a single peak from about 1 to 6 MeV. Other spectra are available in recent works from PTB and NPL, based on high-resolution spectrometers and Bonner spheres. ENEA Frascati owns a 241 Am-B neutron source with nominal emission rate 3.5 × 10 6  s −1 . Knowing its spectrum is important, as this source is used to feed the HOTNES (Homogeneous Thermal Neutron Source) facility. A spectrometry experiment was organized relying on the recently developed NCT-WES neutron spectrometer. Belonging to the family of the Single Moderator Neutron Spectrometers, NCT-WES is a convenient alternative to Bonner spheres as it derives the whole spectrum from a single exposure. The experimental data were elaborated in comparison with the existing literature spectra. As a main results of the study, the spectrum of the ENEA 241 Am-B neutron source nearly perfectly agrees with that derived at NPL.

SPARC (acronym of “Sorgente Pulsata ed Amplificata di Radiazione Coerente”, i.e. Pulsed and Amplified Source of Coherent Radiation) is a single pass free-electron laser designed to obtain high gain amplification at a radiation wavelength of 500 nm. Self-amplified spontaneous emission has been observed driving the amplifier with the high-brightness beam of the SPARC linac. We report measurements of energy, spectra, and exponential gain. Experimental results are compared with simulations from several numerical codes.

In this article, we share our experience related to the new photo-injector commissioning at the SPARC\\_LAB test facility. The new photo-injector was installed into an existing machine and our goal was not only to improve the final beam parameters themselves but to improve the machine handling in day-to-day operations as well. Thus, besides the pure beam characterization, this article contains information about the improvements, that were introduced into the new photo-injector design from the machine maintenance point of view, and the benefits, that we gained by using the new technique to assemble the gun itself.

Estudio del período histórico denominado «franquismo» (1939-1975) a través de la producción historiográfica de las revistas españolas recogidas en la base ISOC, desde 1976 hasta 1992. A partir del análisis de los datos, se presentan resultados en los siguientes aspectos: producción por materias y épocas (primer franquismo, segundo franquismo), productividad por años, valoración de revistas y autores más prolíficos.

The research being carried out has been developed as a correlational descriptive, and seeks to demonstrate the correlation that exists between the study variables that are presented in said research \"Connectivism as a Pedagogical Approach and the Teaching of Historical Social Sciences in the Faculty of Education National University Federico Villarreal, 2020”. With the variables: Connectivism as a Pedagogical approach and the Teaching of Historical Social Sciences; We seek to demonstrate that, through the connectivism of the student with the use ofinformation and communication technology, the learning of the historical social sciences will be the most appropriate, likewise it will allow the programmed competitions to be achieved bythe students of the Faculty of Education National University Federico Villarreal, 2020. The information collection instrument or survey was developed by students from the Federico Villarreal National University School of Education, with a sample of 74 students. The survey collects all the necessary information, according to the dimensions of each variable: Technological skills, Attitudinal skills, Cognitive skills, Professional training, Curriculum planning and Teaching strategies. In conclusion, it can be stated that Connectivism as a Pedagogical approach is closely related to the Teaching of Historical Social Sciences at the Faculty of Education, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal

Particular families of special functions, conceived as purely mathematical devices between the end of XVIII and the beginning of XIX centuries, have played a crucial role in the development of many aspects of modern Physics. This is indeed the case of the Euler gamma function, which has been one of the key elements paving the way to string theories, furthermore the Euler-Riemann Zeta function has played a decisive role in the development of renormalization theories. The ideas of Euler and later those of Riemann, Ramanujan and of other, less popular, mathematicians have therefore provided the mathematical apparatus ideally suited to explore, and eventually solve, problems of fundamental importance in modern Physics. The mathematical foundations of the theory of renormalization trace back to the work on divergent series by Euler and by mathematicians of two centuries ago. Feynman, Dyson, Schwinger... rediscovered most of these mathematical \"curiosities\" and were able to develop a new and powerful way of looking at physical phenomena.

We consider the matrix representation of the Eisenstein numbers and in this context we discuss the theory of the Pseudo Hyperbolic Functions. We develop a geometrical interpretation and show the usefulness of the method in Physical problems related to the anomalous scattering of light by crystals

We discuss the new problems emerging in charged beam transport for SASE FEL dynamics. The optimization of the magnetic transport system for future devices requires new concepts associated with the slice emittance and the slice phase space distribution. We study the problem of electron beam slice matching and guiding in transport devices for SASE FEL emission discussing matching criteria and how the associated design of the electron transport line may affect the FEL output performances. We analyze different matching strategies by studying the relevant effect on the FEL output characteristics.