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El poder simbólico del encuentro, plasmado a través de la conexión con alguien de manera tangible o intangible al azar, implica necesariamente la suerte y paralelamente abre posibilidades insospechadas. Encuentros fortuitos. Agencialidad en conflicto y poder en movimiento en el cine hispano propone examinar la noción del encuentro fortuito desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria a través de un corpus de películas españolas y latinoamericanas contemporáneas para diseccionar y responder a contextos, así como a realidades socioculturales e históricas singulares. Los ensayos de este libro esclarecen numerosos puntos de contacto entre la filosofía, los estudios culturales, la sociología y la historia para proporcionar un espacio en el que trazar contenidos multifacéticos y capacidades ambiguas que los encuentros generan por coincidencias. Partiendo de los ejemplos que ofrecen las películas ancladas temáticamente en un cierto libre albedrío que despliegan sus protagonistas, al igual que teniendo en cuenta sus deseos de autonomía y libertad, este libro aborda áreas que van desde la inmigración hacia Europa por España hasta las dictaduras del Cono Sur, pasando por los estragos del neoliberalismo y retomando sistemas estructurales como la colonización o la otra cara de esa moneda, la independencia, así como su lado oscuro con la esclavitud como la mayor mancha de aquellas épocas. Encuentros fortuitos no deja de lado los traumas más recientes (la migración económica, la xenofobia, la homofobia, el sinhogarismo, o la aporofobia, entre otros) que se arrastran desde el siglo XX dado su impacto en el XXI y que se siguen manifestando de manera específica en estas piezas artísticas. Recientemente estrenadas o ya consideradas como obras maestras, las películas estudiadas en Encuentros fortuitos resaltan de forma única el distinto impacto de interacciones imprevistas -y esenciales a nivel argumentativo de cada película- convirtiéndolas en el punto de inflexión para sus preocupaciones temáticas. Como señalan los autores de este libro, ya sea en espacios privados o públicos, o debido al género y al poder como detonante de estos encuentros, así como en relación a la raza, la etnia, o a la condición social, base de los mismos; dichos encuentros se rigen fundamentalmente por el azar. Al estudiar el cine de Luis Buñuel, Luis García Berlanga, Edgar Neville, Alejandro Amenábar, Emilio Martínez-Lázaro, Jon Viar, Salvador Calvo, Arantxa Echevarría, Marcela Said, Paula Markovitch y Mauricio Brunetti, los ensayos exploran cómo este tipo de encuentros fundamentalmente disponen desemejantes grados comunicativos para canalizar las complejidades socio-emocionales de sus personajes. Algunos encuentros fortuitos devienen en aspectos regenerativos, otros, por el contrario, se rigen por fuerzas destructivas e incluso algunos desatan la creatividad. La huella intelectual primordial que deja Encuentros fortuitos. Agencialidad en conflicto y poder en movimiento en el cine hispano emerge de los filmes con temáticas que abordan interacciones inesperadamente concebibles, socialmente heterogéneas y políticamente desafiantes. [Texto de la editorial]

Background Salmon Rickettsial Syndrome (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in Atlantic salmon aquaculture, particularly in Chile. Host resistance is a heritable trait, and functional genomic studies have highlighted genes and pathways important in the response of salmon to the bacteria. However, the functional mechanisms underpinning genetic resistance are not yet well understood. In the current study, a large population of salmon pre-smolts were challenged with P. salmonis , with mortality levels recorded and samples taken for genotyping. In parallel, head kidney and liver samples were taken from animals of the same population with high and low genomic breeding values for resistance, and used for RNA-Sequencing to compare their transcriptome profile both pre and post infection. Results A significant and moderate heritability (h 2  = 0.43) was shown for the trait of binary survival. Genome-wide association analyses using 38 K imputed SNP genotypes across 2265 animals highlighted that resistance is a polygenic trait. Several thousand genes were identified as differentially expressed between controls and infected samples, and enriched pathways related to the host immune response were highlighted. In addition, several networks with significant correlation with SRS resistance breeding values were identified, suggesting their involvement in mediating genetic resistance. These included apoptosis, cytoskeletal organisation, and the inflammasome. Conclusions While resistance to SRS is a polygenic trait, this study has highlighted several relevant networks and genes that are likely to play a role in mediating genetic resistance. These genes may be future targets for functional studies, including genome editing, to further elucidate their role underpinning genetic variation in host resistance.

Balancing selection provides a plausible explanation for the maintenance of deleterious alleles at moderate frequency in livestock, including lethal recessives exhibiting heterozygous advantage in carriers. In the current study, a leg weakness syndrome causing mortality of piglets in a commercial line showed monogenic recessive inheritance, and a region on chromosome 15 associated with the syndrome was identified by homozygosity mapping. Whole genome resequencing of cases and controls identified a mutation causing a premature stop codon within exon 3 of the porcine Myostatin (MSTN) gene, similar to those causing a double-muscling phenotype observed in several mammalian species. The MSTN mutation was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population at birth, but significantly distorted amongst animals still in the herd at 110 kg, due to an absence of homozygous mutant genotypes. In heterozygous form, the MSTN mutation was associated with a major increase in muscle depth and decrease in fat depth, suggesting that the deleterious allele was maintained at moderate frequency due to heterozygous advantage (allele frequency, q = 0.22). Knockout of the porcine MSTN by gene editing has previously been linked to problems of low piglet survival and lameness. This MSTN mutation is an example of putative balancing selection in livestock, providing a plausible explanation for the lack of disrupting MSTN mutations in pigs despite many generations of selection for lean growth.

A modo de bildungsroman y como si de un “locus amoenus” se tratara, surge Ojos negros. La pieza opera como viaje iniciático para la adolescente protagonista, que encuentra en el campo una perspectiva desde la que comprender su mundo. La libertad que permite el campo, así como la memoria rural que se pierde, simboliza la cuestión latente en esta obra sobre la España vacía: ¿Volverá la sociedad española al campo o lo dejará morir en esta ya dilatada agonía rural? Más allá de la pregunta, este estudio se acerca a Ojos negros desde el punto de vista visual, artístico, narrativo y social, para interpretar la duda que deja la obra al observar cómo el campo muere al igual que las gentes que viven en él, planteando si será el destino del campo español convertirse en una naturaleza muerta, como los que la película estampa recurrentemente. As a bildungsroman and located in an a locus amoenus, Ojos negros sets the tone. The piece operates as an initiatory journey for the adolescent protagonist, who finds in the countryside a perspective from which to understand the world. The freedom that the rural context allows her, as well as the memories that are being lost, symbolizes the latent question in this study about the empty Spain: Will Spanish society return to the villages or will it let them die in their long rural agony? Beyond this question, this analysis approaches the film from the visual, artistic, narrative, and social point of view, in order to interpret the doubt generated when observing how the countryside vanishes along with the people that live in it. The fate of the Spanish rural areas become a still life, similar to the ones that the film repeatedly portrays.

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a major pathogen of farmed tilapia, is known to be vertically transmitted. Here, we hypothesize that Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock immunized with a TiLV inactivated vaccine can mount a protective antibody response and passively transfer maternal antibodies to their fertilized eggs and larvae. To test this hypothesis, three groups of tilapia broodstock, each containing four males and eight females, were immunized with either a heat-killed TiLV vaccine (HKV), a formalin-killed TiLV vaccine (FKV) (both administered at 3.6 × 106 TCID50 per fish), or with L15 medium. Booster vaccination with the same vaccines was given 3 weeks later, and mating took place 1 week thereafter. Broodstock blood sera, fertilized eggs and larvae were collected from 6–14 weeks post-primary vaccination for measurement of TiLV-specific antibody (anti-TiLV IgM) levels. In parallel, passive immunization using sera from the immunized female broodstock was administered to naïve tilapia juveniles to assess if antibodies induced in immunized broodstock were protective. The results showed that anti-TiLV IgM was produced in the majority of both male and female broodstock vaccinated with either the HKV or FKV and that these antibodies could be detected in the fertilized eggs and larvae from vaccinated broodstock. Higher levels of maternal antibody were observed in fertilized eggs from broodstock vaccinated with HKV than those vaccinated with FKV. Low levels of TiLV-IgM were detected in some of the 1–3 day old larvae but were undetectable in 7–14 day old larvae from the vaccinated broodstock, indicating a short persistence of TiLV-IgM in larvae. Moreover, passive immunization proved that antibodies elicited by TiLV vaccination were able to confer 85% to 90% protection against TiLV challenge in naïve juvenile tilapia. In conclusion, immunization of tilapia broodstock with TiLV vaccines could be a potential strategy for the prevention of TiLV in tilapia fertilized eggs and larvae, with HKV appearing to be more promising than FKV for maternal vaccination.

Background Equine dysautonomia (ED) causes degeneration and loss of autonomic neurons. Approximately 50% of chronic cases recover, but it is unclear how they survive neuronal loss. Objectives To assess lesions, autonomic neuron numbers, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and neurodegeneration in recovered cases. Animals Thirteen cases (group ED), euthanized 10.3 ± 5.2 (1–16) years from diagnosis and 6 age‐matched controls (group C). Methods Prospective, case control; routine post mortem examination, neuron counts in peripheral and enteric ganglia and immunohistochemical assessment of neural networks (Protein gene product [PGP] 9.5), ICC (c‐kit), and neurodegeneration (beta‐amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin) in intestine. Results Postmortem findings in group ED were small intestinal dilation (4/12, 33%) and muscular hypertrophy (4/12, 33%), and gastric mucosal hypertrophy (3/11, 27%) and ulceration (4/11, 36%). Neuron density was lower in group ED (mean 39% lower for cranial cervical ganglion [P < .001], median 44% lower in celiacomesenteric ganglion [P = .01]). In intestine, neuronal depletion was worst in ileum (median 100% lower in submucosal plexus [P < .001], 91% lower in myenteric plexus [P = .004]). Group ED had less PGP 9.5 staining in ileal myenteric plexus (mean 66% lower [P = .04]) and circular muscle (median 75% lower [P = .006]). In ileum, there was less c‐kit staining in myenteric plexus (median 57% lower [P = .02]) but not muscularis externa. Beta‐amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin results were not indicitive of neurodegeneration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Intact ICC in muscularis externa might help maintain motility after neuronal loss. Treatment supporting ICC function warrants investigation.

The research consists in the design of the new cementitious materials capable of mitigating microfisurative damage through autonomous healing. This lies in the characterization of the materials to employees, study of the expanding agents (sodium silicate and calcium nitrate) and analysis of its mechanical properties and durability. The results revealed that under laboratory conditions, the applied repair agents proved to be powerful in producing an increase in the content of ettringite, favoring the sealing of the fissure. When they heal themselves, they lead to an improvement in durability and mechanical performance.

Tilapia are an important global food source due to their omnivorous diet, tolerance for high-density aquaculture, and relative disease resistance. Since 2009, tilapia aquaculture has been threatened by mass die-offs in farmed fish in Israel and Ecuador. Here we report evidence implicating a novel orthomyxo-like virus in these outbreaks. The tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has a 10-segment, negative-sense RNA genome. The largest segment, segment 1, contains an open reading frame with weak sequence homology to the influenza C virus PB1 subunit. The other nine segments showed no homology to other viruses but have conserved, complementary sequences at their 5′ and 3′ termini, consistent with the genome organization found in other orthomyxoviruses. In situ hybridization indicates TiLV replication and transcription at sites of pathology in the liver and central nervous system of tilapia with disease. IMPORTANCE The economic impact of worldwide trade in tilapia is estimated at$7.5 billion U.S. dollars (USD) annually. The infectious agent implicated in mass tilapia die-offs in two continents poses a threat to the global tilapia industry, which not only provides inexpensive dietary protein but also is a major employer in the developing world. Here we report characterization of the causative agent as a novel orthomyxo-like virus, tilapia lake virus (TiLV). We also describe complete genomic and protein sequences that will facilitate TiLV detection and containment and enable vaccine development. The economic impact of worldwide trade in tilapia is estimated at $ 7.5 billion U.S. dollars (USD) annually. The infectious agent implicated in mass tilapia die-offs in two continents poses a threat to the global tilapia industry, which not only provides inexpensive dietary protein but also is a major employer in the developing world. Here we report characterization of the causative agent as a novel orthomyxo-like virus, tilapia lake virus (TiLV). We also describe complete genomic and protein sequences that will facilitate TiLV detection and containment and enable vaccine development.

AMPK has been reported to facilitate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction but, paradoxically, its deficiency precipitates pulmonary hypertension. Here we show that AMPK-α1/α2 deficiency in smooth muscles promotes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the new-born. Accordingly, dual AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in smooth muscles causes premature death of mice after birth, associated with increased muscularisation and remodeling throughout the pulmonary arterial tree, reduced alveolar numbers and alveolar membrane thickening, but with no oedema. Spectral Doppler ultrasound indicates pulmonary hypertension and attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Age-dependent right ventricular pressure elevation, dilation and reduced cardiac output was also evident. K V 1.5 potassium currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes were markedly smaller under normoxia, which is known to facilitate pulmonary hypertension. Mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species accumulation was also evident. Importantly, there was no evidence of systemic vasculopathy or hypertension in these mice. Moreover, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was attenuated by AMPK-α1 or AMPK-α2 deletion without triggering pulmonary hypertension. AMPK modulates idiopathic and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in adults, largely via unknown mechanisms. Here, the authors show that AMPK deficiency in smooth muscles causes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the new born and premature death in mice, due to increased muscularisation and remodeling of pulmonary arteries, reduced alveolar numbers and alveolar membrane thickening

La interceptación de comunicaciones personales, conocida como \"Pinchado de Llamadas Telefónicas\", ha surgido como herramienta para prevenir delitos, estando regulada por el Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP) en Ecuador. Esta investigación aborda un problema jurídico y social en la legislación penal ecuatoriana. El artículo 476 del COIP permite la interceptación de comunicaciones y deja la decisión de cuándo llevarla a cabo a la discreción de la Fiscalía. Esta práctica plantea cuestiones éticas y legales, ya que podría interpretarse como una violación del derecho a la intimidad consagrada en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos. La base de esta acción se fundamenta en suposiciones sobre posibles delitos, generando importantes interrogantes relacionadas con la privacidad y los derechos humanos.