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result(s) for
"Delisle, Georg"
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Long-term in situ monitoring at Dashgil mud volcano, Azerbaijan: a link between seismicity, pore-pressure transients and methane emission
2010
Mud volcanism is a global phenomenon usually associated with compressional tectonics that favour extrusion of fluid- and clay mineral-rich sediment both on land and offshore. Methane, the dominant gas phase, is emitted at variable rates during and after emplacement of the mud domes. In case of continental mud volcanoes, the gas is directly released into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to global warming. Azerbaijan is one of the countries with one of the highest abundances of mud domes globally. One of the most prominent mud volcanoes,
Dashgil
, has been chosen for a case study because of its historic record of violent eruptions, continued activity, and well-documented regional geology in the Caucasus orogenic wedge adjacent to the Caspian Sea. Since 2003, gas flux has quantitatively measured at one of the two crater lakes and is characterized by valve-type behaviour and episodically violent degassing. In 2007, the large crater lake was additionally equipped with methane fluxmeters as well as an in situ pore-pressure probe into the conduit. Our data are complemented by regional seismicity, and exhibit the following results: (1) there seems to be a significant correlation between changes in pore pressure in the conduit feeding the main crater lake and the rate of gas escape; (2) changes in gas-flux rate appear to be independent of local seismicity, in particular since no larger EQs have been recorded since 2003; (3) despite discontinuous monitoring owing to technical failures, we observe an overall increase in methane emission with time; (4) nearby earthquake activity (
Journal Article
The Antarctic iron meteorite Steingarden Nunataks (STG) 07009
2019
The Steingarden Nunataks (STG) 07009 iron meteorite was found in 2007 during a search campaign in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, carried out by the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR, Hannover, Germany). It was collected as one complete individual specimen with regmaglypts and weighing ~ 32.6 kg. The main mass (32.2 kg) is stored at the BGR, whereas the type specimen (36.6 g) is kept at the Natural History Museum, Vienna. Macroscopically, the meteorite appears well preserved and does not show any oxidation features in its interior. Textural studies of etched platelets revealed that the meteorite is a plessitic octahedrite with almost all kamacite spindles (apparent width = 0.08 ± 0.03 mm, N = 30) having nuclei of schreibersite. Compositionally, kamacite and schreibersite are mainly uniform. However, a detailed electron microprobe investigation revealed that, in places, the spindles contain schreibersite-metal intergrowths, exhibiting complex textures and compositions. Based on bulk chemistry data, STG 07009 was classified as ungrouped iron with no close relatives. Age calculations based on accelerator mass spectroscopy of the cosmogenic radionuclides ¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al, and ³⁶Cl gave for STG 07009 a cosmic-ray exposure age of 780 ± 100 Myr and a relatively young terrestrial age of 75 ± 33 kyr.
Der Eisenmeteorit Steingarden Nunataks (STG) 07009 wurde 2007 im Rahmen einer von der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR, Hannover, Deutschland) im Queen Maud Land, Antarktis durchgeführten Suchkampagne gefunden. STG 07009 wurde als 32,6 kg schweres komplettes Individuum mit Regmaglypten aufgesammelt. Die Hauptmasse (32,2 kg) wird an der BGR verwahrt, das Typmaterial (36,6 g) ist im Naturhistorischen Museum Wien deponiert. Makroskopisch erscheint der Meteorit in gut erhaltenem Zustand und weist keinerlei Rostanzeichen in seinem Inneren auf. Gefügestudien an geätzten Plättchen ergaben, dass es sich beim Meteoriten um einen plessitischen Oktaedriten handelt, wobei fast alle Kamazit-Spindeln (gemessene Breite = 0,08 ± 0,03 mm, N = 30) einen aus Schreibersit bestehenden Kern aufweisen. In den meisten Spindeln weisen Kamazit und Schreibersit jeweils denselben einheitlichen Chemismus auf. Detailuntersuchungen mittels Elektronenstrahlmikrosonde zeigten, dass die Spindeln bereichsweise Verwachsungen von Schreibersit und Metall enthalten, die komplexe Gefüge und Chemismen aufweisen. Aufgrund des ermittelten Pauschalchemismus wurde STG 07009 als ungruppierter Eisenmeteorit klassifiziert. Dabei konnte keine chemische Verwandtschaft mit anderen ungruppierten Eisen festgestellt werden. Basierend auf der mittels Beschleuniger-Massenspektrometrie gemessenen kosmogenen Radionuklide ¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al, und ³⁶Cl wurde für STG 07009 ein kosmisches Bestrahlungsalter von 780 ± 100 Ma und ein relativ junges terrestrisches Alter von 75 ± 33 ka errechnet.
Journal Article
Meteorite concentration sites in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica - a first assessment
2015
Blue ice fields along the fringes of the Antarctic Plateau and along the Transantarctic Mountains are known as meteorite concentration sites. To assess the respective potential of blue ice fields in Queen Maud Land, a reconnaissance survey of a hitherto unexplored area to the southeast of the Wohlthat Massiv, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica was carried out in 2007 by the Queenmet-expedition of the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Germany. Three potential areas were viewed from the air and one site was visited. This site is made up by an elongated east -west trending topographic step with various blue ice fields along its shoulder. A meteorite concentration was found on its western termination as well as isolated finds. In total, 15 different meteorites were recovered, consisting of 14 stony meteorites and a 31 kg iron meteorite; they have been named after the Steingarden Nunataks (STG). All stony meteorites are ordinary chondrites, comprising 8 L chondrites, 5 H chondrites, and 1 LL chondrite. Results of rock exposure dating of rocks collected from local nunataks suggest a glaciological field situation that has little changed during the last -0.5 Ma years. The find site of the Lazarev meteorite (found in 1961 by Russian workers) was searched from the air. Their field book with the geologic description of the find locality was re-analysed. We present arguments for an alternative find location of the Lazarev meteorite in comparison to the (probably inaccurate) coordinates repeatedly cited in the literature. Blaueisfelder am Rande des antarktischen Polarplateaus repräsentieren potentielle Flächen mit Meteoritenansammlungen. Um das entsprechende Potential von Blaueisfeldern in Queen Maud Land zu untersuchen, wurde in 2007 die Queenmet-Expedition von der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hannover, in ein bislang nicht untersuchtes Gebiet südöstlich des dortigen Wohlthat Massivs durchgeführt. Drei potentielle Untersuchungsgebiete wurden per Flugzeug erkundet und ein Gebiet untersucht. Dieses Gebiet ist charakterisiert durch eine ostwest ausgerichtete, ausgedehnte topographische Schwelle mit einer Reihe von Blauseisfeldern entlang ihrer Schulter. Eine Meteoritenkonzentration an ihrer westlichen Begrenzung wurde entdeckt. Zusätzlich erfolgten weitere Einzelfunde. Insgesamt 15 verschiedene Meteoriten wurden gesammelt, bestehend aus 14 Steinmeteoriten und einem 31 kg schweren Eisenmeteoriten; die Meteoriten wurden nach den Steingarden Nunataks (STG) benannt. Alle Steinmeteoriten sind gewöhnliche Chondrite und umfassen 8 L-Chondrite, 5 H-Chondrite und 1 LL-Chondrit. Gemessene Freilegungsalter von Gestein, entnommen von lokalen Nunatakern legen eine glaziologische Feldsituation nahe, die sich während der letzten -500.000 Jahre wenig verändert hat. Die von russischen Forschern angegebene Fundstelle des 1961 geborgenen Meteoriten Lazarev wurde überflogen. Deren Feldbuch mit Angaben zur geologischen Situation an der Fundstelle wurde reanalysiert. Wir präsentieren Argumente für eine alternative Fundstelle des Lazarev-Meteoriten im Vergleich zu dem durch die mutmaßlich ungenauen Koordinaten definierten Punkt, der wiederholt in der Literatur zitiert wurde.
Journal Article
Erratum to: Long-term in situ monitoring at Dashgil mud volcano, Azerbaijan: a link between seismicity, pore-pressure transients and methane emission
by
Guliyev, Ibrahim
,
Kopf, Achim
,
Faber, Eckhard
in
Earth and Environmental Science
,
Earth Sciences
,
Erratum
2010
Issue Title: Special Issue: 100 Years Geologische Vereinigung and Geologische Rundschau
Journal Article
Estimating episodic permafrost development in northern Germany during the Pleistocene
by
Messner, Jürgen
,
Winsemann, Jutta
,
Cramer, Bernhard
in
controlling parameters of permafrost development
,
EARTH SCIENCES
,
estimating episodic permafrost development in northern Germany during Pleistocene
2008,2007
Climate variations in central Europe during the Weichselian can be retraced with reasonably good confidence on the basis of proxy data such as botanical macrofossils and pollen content in Weichselian sediments, for which good age control is available. The availability of proxy data from pre‐Eemian subaerial deposits tends to be too erratic in space and time to enable us to reconstruct from them, with confidence, a continuous record of northern Germany's regional climate for the whole Pleistocene, in particular prior to the times of major glacial advances from the north. The likely duration and maximum depth of the occurrence of permafrost in northern Germany throughout the Pleistocene, however, can be estimated. This assumes that the Pleistocene climate trend archived in oxygen isotope records from marine sites (such as e.g. ODP‐sites 659 and 677) can be considered in broad terms to reflect the global climatic variations. Here we discuss the approach of using a previously presented reconstruction of the mean annual ground temperatures (MAGT) of the last 120 ky for northern Germany as a calibration tool to reconstruct, from marine proxy data, MAGT‐estimates for northern Germany during the Pleistocene. These MAGT‐data are the basis of calculations to estimate permafrost depth fluctuations in northern Germany. Calculations for the growth and decay of permafrost are presented for a vertical sediment column and a 75 km long profile modelled after a seismic line that crosses in an east‐west direction several salt domes in the subsurface of the German North Sea sector. The latter model intends to demonstrate the interplay between variations in terrestrial heat flow caused by the presence of salt structures and changing climatic conditions over time on the development and decay of permafrost. Depending on the applied climate curve, the maximum vertical extent of permafrost during the Pleistocene is estimated to be c. 130 m (MAGT
ODP677
‐reconstruction) or 170 m (MAGT
ODP659
‐reconstruction). We favour the MAGT
ODP659
‐reconstruction, since its results correlate well with available geological evidence for cold stages with indications of permafrost development during the Pleistocene.
Book Chapter
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