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"Delle Fave, Antonella"
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Eudaimonic and Hedonic Components of Happiness: Qualitative and Quantitative Findings
This paper illustrates a new project developed by a cross-country team of researchers, with the aim of studying the hedonic and eudaimonic components of happiness through a mixed method approach combining both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Data were collected from 666 participants in Australia, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and South Africa. A major aim of the study was to examine definitions and experiences of happiness using open-ended questions. Among the components of well-being traditionally associated with the eudaimonic approach, meaning in particular was explored in terms of constituents, relevance, and subjective experience. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was also administered to quantitatively assess the hedonic dimension of happiness. Results showed that happiness was primarily defined as a condition of psychological balance and harmony. Among the different life domains, family and social relations were prominently associated with happiness and meaningfulness. The quantitative analyses highlighted the relationship between happiness, meaningfulness, and satisfaction with life, as well as the different and complementary contributions of each component to well-being. At the theoretical and methodological levels, findings suggest the importance of jointly investigating happiness and its relationship with other dimensions of well-being, in order to detect differences and synergies among them.
Journal Article
Rasch analysis of the Satisfaction with Life Scale across countries: Findings from South Africa and Italy
The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is widely used to assess global satisfaction with life. Although the scale’s psychometric properties were extensively investigated through different methods, Rasch analysis can provide further insight into the scale’s targeting and sensitivity across the different levels of the underlying construct. It also allows researchers to evaluate how well a scale fits the assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence of the items, how the response categories are used, and whether differential item functioning occurs in different demographic groups. In this study, Rasch analysis was used to examine the psychometric properties of the SWLS among participants from South Africa (n = 676) and Italy (n = 516). Findings showed that the scale was insensitive at high levels of life satisfaction. Since the majority of the participants reported high scores, these results suggest that the SWLS may not be sensitive to detect change in the general population. Although support was provided to the scale’s unidimensional factor structure, a distinction emerged between items referring to satisfaction with present and past life. No group difference in item functioning was detected for country, gender, age group, or education level. However, findings suggest that using fewer response categories with less nuanced lower level descriptors could be more appropriate, especially for the South African sample. Overall, results highlight the need for further research on the SWLS, especially concerning insensitivity at the upper range.
Journal Article
Academic Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Quality of Experience in Learning
This study investigated learning activities and associated quality of experience of students with different levels of perceived academic self-efficacy. Two groups were formed out of 130 Italian adolescents (age 15-19), one with high and one with low academic self-efficacy beliefs (31 and 32 participants, respectively). Students provided valuation of academic pursuits and aspirations, and were monitored for one week with experience sampling method (ESM). Attention was paid to the association of learning activities with optimal experience, characterized by high perceived environmental challenges matched by high personal skills, involvement, concentration and intrinsic reward. High self-efficacy students reported higher academic aspirations and pursuits than low self-efficacy students. They also spent more time in homework, and primarily associated learning activities with optimal experience. Results have educational implications in fostering motivation and enjoyment in learning. They also provide empirical support for the combination of self-efficacy beliefs and quality of experience in motivational research.
Journal Article
Living with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Beyond the Physical Implications: Cognitive Features, Psychopathology Aspects, and Psychosocial Resources—A Narrative Review
Background/Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is often discussed in the literature with regard to physical impairments. This narrative review aims to show that living with DMD involves psychological, psychosocial, and cognitive aspects in addition to the well-known physical complications. Methods: Firstly, this review examines the main cognitive functions affecting subjects with DMD and the possible role of dystrophin gene mutations on the central nervous system. Secondly, it analyzes the comorbidity between DMD, neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder) and psychopathological traits (anxiety and/or depressive symptoms). Finally, the review addresses the relatively sparse literature investigating the positive aspects associated with the experience of DMD, like psychosocial resources, resilience, subjective well-being, positive individual and social functioning, and social support. Results: DMD has a significant impact on cognitive areas, probably due to dystrophin deficiency in the brain. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities and psychopathological symptoms is also higher in people with DMD than in the general population. Despite these challenges, emerging studies highlight the role of psychosocial and environmental resources, including resilience and supportive social relations, in promoting a good quality of life and successful adaptation to disease progression. Conclusions: Early recognition of the above difficulties and strengths could ensure better care and promote an overall better quality of life for people with DMD and their families, physically, psychologically, and socially. Preclinical and clinical research is moving in the direction of finding new therapies, treatments, and psychosocial interventions to pursue these goals.
Journal Article
The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of positivity and strengths-based approaches at work
A state-of-the-art psychological perspective on positivity and strengths-based approaches at work This handbook makes a unique contribution to organizational psychology and HRM by providing comprehensive international coverage of the contemporary field of positivity and strengths-based approaches at work.
eBook
Resilience and Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Italian University Students: A Mixed-Method Study
A vast amount of literature has highlighted that restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as lockdowns and the resulting interruption of face-to-face academic activities, strongly disrupted students’ daily routine and undermined their well-being. Through a mixed method approach, this study was aimed at investigating the association between students’ experience of the health emergency and their resilience levels during the first pandemic outbreak. Between April and May 2020, 421 Italian university students attending Health Sciences, Humanities, and Political Sciences courses completed the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), provided narratives about the emergency by answering an open-ended question, and filled out a demographic questionnaire. Results showed that narratives about community/society issues were by far the most recurrent ones across disciplinary areas, while a significantly higher percentage of students from Humanities focused on study/university. Health Sciences students were more likely to provide narratives concerning social commitment, and they reported significantly higher resilience levels than Humanities students. A higher percentage of students with moderate resilience focused their narratives on the study/university domain, compared to students with high resilience. Findings suggest the importance of supporting students’ resilience to counterbalance their academic concerns in both times of crisis and ordinary times.
Journal Article
Post-traumatic stress symptoms and benefit finding: a longitudinal study among Italian health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Purpose
Research has highlighted that the exposure of healthcare professionals to the COVID-19 pandemic for over two years can lead to the development and persistence of symptoms characteristic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with serious consequences on both the individual well-being and the quality of care provided. The present study was aimed at investigating the role of benefit finding in moderating post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) over time.
Methods
The longitudinal study, conducted between April and October 2020, involved 226 Italian health workers (44.7% nurses and midwives, 35% doctors, 20.3% technical and rehabilitation professionals), who filled out an online survey at the beginning of the study (T
1
), after three months (T
2
), and after six months (T
3
).
Participants (77.4% women; mean age = 41.93, SD = 12.06) completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Benefit Finding, a 17-item questionnaire measuring the perceived level of positive consequences derived from stressful experiences. A hierarchical regression analysis highlighted the moderating effect of benefit finding (T
2
) on the association between PTSS values at T
1
and T
3
.
Results
A buffering effect was observed, with higher benefit finding levels reducing the magnitude of the bivariate association between PTSS assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study.
Conclusion
Findings suggest the potential mental health related benefits of interventions allowing health professionals to identify positive aspects in the experience of working under prolonged emergency circumstances, such as the pandemic ones.
Journal Article