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Modernisms : Iranian, Turkish, and Indian highlights from NYU's Abby Weed Grey Collection
Modernisms explores art from the 1960s and early '70s from Iran, Turkey, and India via selections from an unparalleled collection at New York University. Featuring new scholar ship and seminal essays, this book also illustrates paintings, sculptures, drawings, and prints from these three countries alongside biographical narratives of each Artist. Modernisms will be the first book to provide a cross-cultural study of works from Iran, Turkey, and India. In so doing, it will illuminate our understanding of modern art created outside the long-dominant North American-Western European axis. With nearly 700 works, the Abby Weed Grey Collection comprises the largest institutional holdings of modern art from Iran and Turkey outside those countries, and the most important trove of modern Indian art in an American university museum. Proposing non-Western art as a critical component of modernity, this publication challenges the long held belief that other modernisms are second-rate.
Book
Severe Lipoatrophy in a Growth Hormone Deficient Toddler Girl Treated with a Non-Pegylated Long-Acting Growth Hormone
Background: Recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) has been used since 1985 to treat growth hormone (GH)-induced short stature, typically associated with transient adverse events. However, lipoatrophy, characterized by irreversible damage to subcutaneous fat, was first reported in 1999 and linked to antibody formation. In 2021, localized lipoatrophy was observed in 14.5% of patients receiving daily rhGH, with repeated injections at the same sites being a common contributing factor. Long-acting rhGH (LAGH) preparation offers the advantage of weekly injections, enhancing patient comfort and adherence to treatment. Methods: This case report discusses a 5.5-year-old girl born at 40 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 2300 g, diagnosed with idiopathic short stature and borderline GH secretion, along with a history of mild intrauterine growth retardation. Results: After initiating treatment with somatrogon, a non-pegylated fusion protein formulation of LAGH at the standard dose of 0.66 mg/kg body weight weekly, administered by her family, she developed localized lipoatrophy at the injection site within eleven weeks. The injections were performed consistently in the same area of the right upper arm, where lipoatrophy emerged. Following the onset of this adverse effect, her treatment was adjusted to daily rhGH, with strict instructions to rotate injection sites. Despite these clear instructions, follow-up revealed that the parents continued to administer injections with the non-pegylated LAGH fusion protein formulation, this time in the left upper arm, leading to a recurrence of lipoatrophy within eight weeks. Conclusions: The recurrence underscores the importance of proper injection techniques, particularly site rotation, in preventing localized adverse effects. Given the limitations of this case, where the recommended adjustments were not followed by the parents, it is crucial to emphasize that the administration of the preparation should be discontinued immediately upon the appearance of side effects such as lipoatrophy. Individual reactions to drugs are always possible, and this highlights the need for clinician vigilance in monitoring and addressing adverse effects promptly during treatments with LAGH.
Journal Article
Thematic Review of Endocrine Disruptors and Their Role in Shaping Pubertal Timing
This review examines the inconsistent effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pollutants on pubertal timing, emphasizing the methodological challenges contributing to variability in findings. Data from nine key studies reveal that chemicals such as BPA, phthalates, and PFAS impact pubertal onset differently based on exposure timing, dosage, and sex. For instance, BPA is linked to earlier puberty in girls but delayed onset in boys, while other EDCs show mixed effects across populations. These discrepancies often arise from challenges in study design, such as the difficulty in establishing reliable control groups, accurately measuring exposures, and accounting for confounding factors like socioeconomic status, diet, and obesity. Sex-specific differences and environmental shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased indoor exposure and stress, further complicate the picture. These factors highlight the urgent need for more robust research methodologies, including standardized exposure assessments and longitudinal studies, to clarify the mechanisms driving these effects. Despite these challenges, the findings stress the importance of public health interventions, such as stricter EDC regulations, improved pollutant monitoring, and minimizing exposures during sensitive developmental windows. Addressing methodological gaps is crucial for producing reliable, actionable insights to protect adolescent development from the adverse effects of EDCs.
Journal Article
Urine Sampling Protocol Recommendations for Reliable Determination of Total Urinary Luteinizing Hormone Immunoreactivity in the Pediatric Population
This study investigates day-to-day variations in urinary luteinizing hormone (U-LH) concentrations in children, focusing on potential minimization or correction methods. 95 children and adolescents (51 boys, 44 girls, ages 5–17) provided daytime and evening urine samples for U-LH determinations over three consecutive days. No consistent day-to-day differences in U-LH levels were observed, although random variations, particularly in adolescents aged 13 or older, were noted. The net inter-assay CV% for U-LH changes over three days showed high variability, averaging 24.6% to 28.0% for boys and 21.6% to 27.3% for girls, independent of sex, collection time, or U-LH level. To reliably determine total urinary luteinizing hormone immunoreactivity in the pediatric population, it is advisable to collect multiple first-morning voided samples for at least three consecutive days as an interim solution, pending the development of a standardized protocol or correction method for varying urine composition. Strict adherence, especially for adolescents aged 13 or older, is vital.
Journal Article
Simethicone Medication Should Be Avoided in Infants Receiving Oral Lactase Treatment
Objective: In this retrospective study, we assessed the efficacy of oral lactase in infants with lactose intolerance in terms of sex, birth weight, and interference by other medications. Methods: The study was conducted on patients aged 0–6 months who had been diagnosed with lactose intolerance on admission to the Department of Social Pediatrics at Dokuz Eylul University. Demographic data, the onset of symptoms, and medications used were recorded. Results: We found that 86.7% of the infants responded to lactase, with no significant differences based on sex, birth weight, or age at symptom presentation. We observed, however, that the efficacy of treatment did improve over time, thereby deriving benefits from intestinal development and adaptation. Interestingly, the response to lactase was reduced in infants receiving concomitant simethicone for colic symptoms, suggesting a potential drug interaction, while probiotics had no impact on treatment outcomes. Conclusions: We advise against using additional medications with oral lactase, pointing out a possible interaction with simethicone that might decrease the effectiveness of treatment.
Journal Article
Effect of Breastfeeding and Preterm Births on the Severity of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Associated Risk of Hospitalization in Infants and Toddlers
We studied the effect of duration of breastfeeding and history of prematurity on the duration of hospitalization in infants with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) because these may reflect the severity of illness as well as sizable direct and indirect healthcare costs. One hundred twenty-five patients (49 girls, 76 boys; aged 1-24 months) were hospitalized for LRTI during a period of 102 days and studied prospectively. We found a significant difference (P = .045) between the durations of hospitalization of the 92 patients breastfed for at least six months, compared to the other group of 33 patients who were breastfed for less than six months. The durations of hospitalization among the groups with and without a history of prematurity were not statistically different (P = .78). A history of breastfeeding for more than six months had significant effect on the duration of hospitalization, but this was not true for children with a history of preterm birth.
Journal Article
Clinical Utility of Respiratory Scores at Admission for Estimating the Definitive Microbiological Diagnosis in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Infants
We aimed at determining the clinical utility of respiratory scores and the durations of wheezing or respiratory distress during hospitalization in infants with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) at admission for estimating the definitive microbiological diagnosis. We obtained data from a study population of 201 patients, 79 girls and 122 boys. There was a significant divide in the causative agents of LRTI among patients younger and older than 6 months of age (P = .002), and significantly different respiratory score findings were determined in infants with viral LRTI: a low respiratory score in a younger-than-6 month infant suggests Adenovirus as the causative agent and a high respiratory score suggests Parainfluenza 1 or 2; as for infants of 6 months of age or older, a low respiratory score indicates Influenza A or B or a mixed infection, whereas a high respiratory score is likely an indication of Parainfluenza 3 or RSV.
Journal Article
Quantification of overnight urinary gonadotropin excretion predicts imminent puberty in girls: a semi-longitudinal study
Purpose
We explored the alternative of using overnight fold change in gonadotropin levels by comparing the last-night-voided (LNV) and first-morning-voided (FMV) urine concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a conceptual analogy to the invasive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test setting.
Methods
We investigated the nocturnal changes in the immunoreactivity levels of urinary gonadotropins between early and late prepubertal stages as well as between early and late pubertal stages in FMV and LNV urine samples from 30 girls, of whom those who were prepubertal were further investigated through follow-up visits within the 1-year period from the start of the study.
Results
ROC analysis revealed that the FMV total U-LH and FMV U-FSH concentrations at or above 0.3 IU/L and 2.5 IU/L, respectively, were excellent predictors of forthcoming onset of puberty within 1 year (100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, AUC: 1.00, and
n
= 10, for both). FMV total U-LH concentration at or above 0.8 IU/L represented the cut-off for clinical signs of puberty. FMV/LNV total U-LH and FMV/LNV U-FSH ratios at or below 4.11 and 1.38, respectively, were also good predictors of the onset of clinical puberty within 1 year. An overnight increase (FMV/LNV ratio) in total U-LH concentrations and in the U-LH/U-FSH ratio at or below 1.2-fold in pubertal girls was associated with the postmenarcheal pubertal stage.
Conclusion
FMV total U-LH and U-FSH above 0.3 IU/L and 2.5 IU/L, respectively, can be used as cut-off values to predict the manifestation of the clinical signs of puberty within 1 year. FMV total U-LH concentrations 0.3–0.8 IU/L and 0.6 IU/L may represent the range and the threshold, respectively, that reflect the loosening of the central brake on the GnRH pulse generator. An overnight increase of 20% or less in total U-LH concentrations and in the U-LH/U-FSH ratio in an early pubertal girl may serve as an indicator of imminent menarche, a presumed timing of which can be unraveled by future longitudinal studies.
Journal Article
Comparative Analysis of Commercial Immunoassays for the Determination of Total, Intact, and Nonintact Luteinizing Hormone in Urine
Background In our recent publications, we reported the identification of three different molecular forms of total luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine, the intact LH, the free beta‐subunit (LHβ), and its core fragment of LHβ (LHβcf), the latter two establishing the nonintact portion of LH. Following the discontinuation of the Delfia immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) (Wallac, PerkinElmer Finland, Finland), a leading method for detecting urinary LH for 30 years, this study seeks to assess the efficacy of three alternative commercial immunoassays in identifying various forms of U‐LH. Methods Diluted urine samples underwent gel filtration to separate them into fractions, each containing different forms of LH. These were then assayed using Delfia IFMA, Architect LH (Abbott, USA), Elecsys LH Cobas (Roche, Switzerland), and Immulite 2000 LH (Siemens, Germany) immunoassays. Results Both Delfia and Immulite assays detected total U‐LH, that is, all three forms of U‐LH, including intact LH, LHβ, and LHβcf. Cobas detected only intact LH and LHβ, whereas Architect detected solely the intact LH. Conclusions Immulite assay can be an alternative tool to detect all forms of urinary LH, a feature likely to be instrumental in developing noninvasive, practical, and scalable solutions for evaluating total U‐LH changes during minipuberty in neonates, during the onset of central puberty in peripubertal children, puberty‐associated disorders in adolescents, and the fertility window in women, with a special focus on postpeak changes. In our study, we evaluated alternative assays to replace a discontinued method for detecting all forms of urinary LH, including its degradation products. By analyzing LH in gel‐filtrated urine samples, we assessed the comprehensive detection capabilities of various diagnostic tests. Our novel findings revealed diverse fields of utility for different assays, offering a nuanced understanding of their specific clinical applications as choosing the correct assay with an informed decision would facilitate enhanced clinical practice in investigating minipuberty in neonates, the onset of central puberty in peripubertal children, puberty‐associated disorders in adolescents, and the fertility window in women, with a particular emphasis on postpeak changes.
Journal Article