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Background This in vitro study aimed to assess the trueness and precision of additively manufactured (AM) dental models using resins of different viscosities and conventional stone models, along with the positional accuracy of implant analogs. Methods Three model groups were created using a reference model with four parallel implants on both posterior sides: stone models (ST), AM models fabricated with low-viscosity resin (AM-A), and high-viscosity resin (AM-K). Each group included eight samples ( n  = 8). ST models were generated from polyether impressions with Type IV dental stone, while AM models were manufactured 3D printer according to the manufacturers’ guidelines. Scan bodies (SBs) were placed at the implant analog (IA-1 and IA-2) and multi-unit abutment (MA-1 and MA-2) levels. All models were scanned using a high-resolution desktop scanner. Root mean square (RMS) values of the models and SBs, as well as 3D and angular deviations of the implant analogs and inter-implant deviations, were calculated using metrology software (Geomagic Control X). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality, Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances, one-way ANOVA, and the Games–Howell post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Significant differences were found in RMS trueness among the groups ( p  < 0.043), with the ranking AM-A > AM-K > ST, whereas the AM-K group showed the lowest precision. Analysis of the RMS values of the SB regions, as well as the 3D and angular deviation measurements of the implant analogs, revealed comparable results between the AM-A and ST groups, while the AM-K group frequently demonstrated significant deviations. Interimplant deviation values were generally similar across the groups. In addition, significant differences between implant and abutment-level SBs were observed in all groups ( p  < 0.018). Conclusions In terms of model trueness, AM models exhibited higher trueness compared to stone models. Deviation analysis of analogs showed the AM-A group yielded outcomes comparable with ST, while AM-K showed the highest deviations, indicating resin viscosity affects the positional accuracy of implant analogs. SBs at the multi-unit abutment level showed greater accuracy than those at the implant level.

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of different surface treatments and bonding types on elemental composition and bond strength of dentin. Under water cooling, 1.5 mm of tooth structure containing just dentin was cut from 39 extracted human molars. Dentin surfaces were untreated (control) or treated by erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet or femtosecond laser ( n  = 13, each). One sample from each group underwent scanning electron microscopy. Then, dentin surfaces were bonded by Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil SE Protect ( n  = 6, each). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed both after surface treatment and bonding application. The dual-polymerized resin cement was applied to dentin surfaces with a special teflon mold (diameter:3 mm × height:3 mm). After polymerization of the resin cement, shear force was applied at the resin cement-dentin interface. Elemental composition value (weight%) of dentin after surface treatment was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the difference value in pre and post-bonding elemental composition by two-way ANOVA. Paired t -tests were executed to compare the weight% values of each element before and after each bonding application. Bond strength was analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The post-hoc test was Tukey’s honest significant difference test. Both laser treatments increased the mineral content of dentin, compared to the controls ( P <0.05). Application of bonding agents decreased the mineral content of dentin compared to the surface treated dentin. Bond strength was unaffected by either surface treatment or bonding type ( P >0.05). For resin cementation, either surface treatment is suitable. After laser treatment, Clearfil SE Bond is recommended over Clearfil SE Protect.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different primers applied to HF acid-etched lithium disilicate ceramics on the shear bond strength between ceramic specimens and composite resin after thermal aging. 72 disc specimens with a thickness of 1.5 mm were prepared from three different types of lithium disilicate ceramics: IPS e.max CAD, CEREC Tessera, and GC Initial LiSi Block. The specimens were divided into six groups, with 12 samples in each group. The surfaces were treated with 9.5% HF acid. In Gluma group, Gluma Ceramic Primer and Gluma Bond Universal were applied in sequence. For Compo-B group, a mixture of Ceramica Silane Activator and Nova Compo-B Plus universal adhesive was applied, followed by Nova Compo-B Plus. After composite application, all specimens underwent 5000 thermal cycles. A universal testing machine was used to perform the shear bond strength test. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were conducted to compare MPa values according to the surface treatments. Statistically significant differences were found in shear bond strength values among the different repair systems applied to lithium disilicate ceramics ( p < 0.001). The GC Initial ceramic group showed significantly higher bond strength compared to the other groups. The use of different primers significantly affected the shear bond strength of lithium disilicate glass ceramics. The immediate application of silane resulted in higher bond strength values in lithium disilicate ceramics.

Objective . To compare the shear bond strength values of current CAD/CAM materials and to evaluate the color changes resulting from immersion in coloring solutions. Material and Methods . A total of 160 specimens were prepared from 4 CAD/CAM blocks; lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS E.max CAD[EC]), zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Vita Suprinity[VS]), polymer infiltrated glass ceramic (Vita Enamic[VE]) and hybrid ceramic (GC Cerasmart [GC]). The ceramic specimens were immersed in tea, coffee, cherry juice and distilled water solutions. Color measurements were made. To compare the shear bond strength values, all specimens were bonded to resin cement. Then the specimens were aged with 5000 thermocycling. The failure modes were classified according to stereomicroscope analysis and than scanning electron microscopy images for surface topography were obtained. Results . The color change values were significantly greater in coffee compared to other solutions and the highest color change was seen in GC and VE. The highest bond strength values were seen in VS and VE. The shear bond strength values are listed as follows: VS>VE>EC>CS. Conclusions . EC and VS can be used, especially in aesthetic restorations, due to their high color stability. Additionally, considering the bond strength values of VS, it appears to be a highly satisfactory material.

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer globally, with a significant mortality rate, especially among women. While advances in treatment have reduced BC mortality, cardiovascular complications resulting from anticancer therapies have become a major concern. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) may be affected in BC patients and it is assessed with heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of impaired HRV, its predictors, and its clinical impacts in BC patients. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively screened all female BC patients and enrolled cases who underwent 24 h Holter electrocardiography monitoring with accessible clinical follow-up data. Results: This study included 136 BC patients, and the mean age was 56.8 ± 10.8 years old. Impaired HRV was present in 36.8% of patients, and hypertension was identified as a significant predictor of reduced HRV (OR = 3.61, CI: 1.01–12.92, p = 0.048). Furthermore, de novo atrial fibrillation (AF) occurred more frequently in patients with impaired HRV (20% vs. 8.1%; p = 0.044). None of the HRV parameters were associated with all-cause mortality, and cancer stage was found to be the only independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR = 3.93, CI: 1.81–8.55; p < 0.001). Conclusions: HRV is impaired in a significant proportion of patients with BC. Hypertension plays a crucial role in the deterioration of HRV in patients with BC, and de novo AF is more common in patients with impaired HRV. However, HRV does not appear to predict all-cause mortality in patients with BC. This study highlights the importance of the optimal management of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, to prevent ANS dysfunction in cancer patients.

Background Renal schwannomas are exceedingly rare benign tumors originating from Schwann cells, with fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. The “ancient” variant refers to long-standing schwannomas that develop degenerative changes, which may mimic the aggressive radiological features of renal cell carcinoma. This diagnostic overlap often leads to preoperative misdiagnosis and can significantly impact surgical decision-making, often resulting in radical rather than nephron-sparing approaches. Case presentation A 48-year-old White woman presented with a 3-month history of intermittent left flank discomfort. Imaging demonstrated a 6-cm complex cystic mass at the upper pole and hilum of the left kidney, characterized by thickened, enhancing septations (up to 7.5 mm) and a 13-mm mural nodule, consistent with a Bosniak IV cystic renal mass. No metastases were detected. Owing to the high suspicion of cystic renal cell carcinoma and the complex hilar location, she underwent laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy. Histopathological evaluation revealed a spindle cell neoplasm with Antoni A and B patterns and extensive degenerative changes, including hemorrhage and calcification, confirming a diagnosis of ancient schwannoma. Immunohistochemistry showed strong, diffuse S-100 positivity and SOX10 expression. At 12-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic and disease-free. Conclusion Ancient renal schwannomas pose substantial diagnostic challenges as they frequently masquerade as renal malignancies on imaging. While definitive diagnosis currently relies on histopathological analysis, maintaining awareness of this rare entity is important when evaluating complex cystic renal masses. Greater diagnostic awareness may help inform surgical planning and, in selected cases, allow consideration of nephron-sparing approaches.

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the flexural strength, color change and antimicrobial effect of silver–zeolite nanoparticles (NPs) in acrylic resin materials. Methods: Fifty-six disc-shaped acrylic resin samples were divided into four groups (n = 7) according to concentrations of silver–zeolite NPs (0%, 2%, 4%, 5%). Discs were contaminated with C. albicans and S. mutans. The antimicrobial effect was tested by inoculating contaminated discs on Tryptic soy agar (TSA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Tryptic soy broth (TSB), and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB). Forty rectangular 65 × 10 × 2.5 mm acrylic resin specimens were also classified into four groups (n = 10) according to concentrations of silver–zeolite NPs. For the color change, L, a, and b values of rectangular specimens were examined with a spectrophotometer. A three-point bending test was also performed using a Devotrans device to determine the flexural bond strength of rectangular specimens. Scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM/EDX analysis) was also performed. Results: In this study, the antimicrobial effect increased with the concentration of silver–zeolite NPs added to acrylic resin discs. In our study, adding 2% silver–zeolite NPs was more effective against C. albicans. The antimicrobial effect against S. mutans increased with concentration of silver–zeolite NPs (<0.001). The colonization of C. albicans was significantly reduced by silver–zeolite NPs. A significant increase was observed in the color change as the nanoparticle percentage ratio increased (p < 0.001). The flexural strength values of the groups containing 2% and 4% nanoparticles were found to be clinically acceptable. Conclusions: The study showed that bacterial and fungal colonization is significantly reduced by adding silver–zeolite nanoparticles to acrylic resin discs. Based on its antimicrobial, physical, and mechanical properties, we recommend adding 2% silver–zeolite nanoparticles to the acrylic resin material for optimal results.