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"Dempsey, Rachel"
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What works for women at work : four patterns working women need to know
\"An essential resource for any working woman, What Works for Women at Work is a comprehensive and insightful guide for mastering office politics as a woman. Authored by Joan C. Williams, one of the nation's most-cited experts on women and work, and her daughter, writer Rachel Dempsey, this unique book offers a multi-generational perspective into the realities of today's workplace. Often women receive messages that they have only themselves to blame for failing to get ahead--Negotiate more! Stop being such a wimp! Stop being such a witch! What Works for Women at Work tells women it's not their fault. The simple fact is that office politics often benefits men over women. Based on interviews with 127 successful working women, over half of them women of color, What Works for Women at Work presents a toolkit for getting ahead in today's workplace. Distilling over 35 years of research, Williams and Dempsey offer four crisp patterns that affect working women: Prove-It-Again!, the Tightrope, the Maternal Wall, and the Tug of War. Each represents different challenges and requires different strategies--which is why women need to be savvier than men to survive and thrive in high-powered careers. Williams and Dempsey's analysis of working women is nuanced and in-depth, going far beyond the traditional cookie-cutter, one-size-fits-all approaches of most career guides for women. Throughout the book, they weave real-life anecdotes from the women they interviewed, along with quick kernels of advice like a \"New Girl Action Plan,\" ways to \"Take Care of Yourself\", and even \"Comeback Lines\" for dealing with sexual harassment and other difficult situations. Up-beat, pragmatic, and chock full of advice, What Works for Women at Work is an indispensable guide for working women. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A social norms approach intervention to address misperceptions of anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs amongst UK parents
Anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs among parents can reduce vaccination intentions. Parents’ beliefs in anti-vaccine conspiracy theories are also related to their perceptions of other parents’ conspiracy beliefs. Further, research has shown that parents hold misperceptions of anti-vaccine conspiracy belief norms: UK parents over-estimate the anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs of other parents. The present study tested the effectiveness of a Social Norms Approach intervention, which corrects misperceptions using normative feedback, to reduce UK parents’ anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs and increase vaccination intentions. At baseline, 202 UK parents of young children reported their personal belief in anti-vaccine conspiracy theories, future intentions to vaccinate, and their perceptions of other UK parents’ beliefs and intentions. Participants were then randomly assigned to a normative feedback condition ( n = 89) or an assessment-only control condition ( n = 113). The normative feedback compared participants’ personal anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs and perceptions of other UK parents’ beliefs with actual normative belief levels. Parents receiving the normative feedback showed significantly reduced personal belief in anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs at immediate post-test. As hypothesised, changes in normative perceptions of anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs mediated the effect of the intervention. The intervention, did not directly increase vaccination intentions, however mediation analysis showed that the normative feedback increased perceptions of other parents’ vaccination intentions, which in turn increased personal vaccination intentions. No significant effects remained after a six-week follow-up. The current research demonstrates the potential utility of Social Norms Approach interventions for correcting misperceptions and reducing anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs among UK parents. Further research could explore utilising a top-up intervention to maintain the efficacy.
Journal Article
Noble gas constraints on air-sea gas exchange and bubble fluxes
Air‐sea gas exchange is an important part of the biogeochemical cycles of many climatically and biologically relevant gases including CO2, O2, dimethyl sulfide and CH4. Here we use a three year observational time series of five noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) at the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study (BATS) site in tandem with a one‐dimensional upper ocean model to develop an improved parameterization for air‐sea gas exchange that explicitly includes separate components for diffusive gas exchange and bubble processes. Based on seasonal timescale noble gas data, this parameterization, which has a 1σ uncertainty of ±14% for diffusive gas exchange and ±29% for bubble fluxes, is more tightly constrained than previous parameterizations. Although the magnitude of diffusive gas exchange is within errors of that of Wanninkhof (1992), a commonly used parameterization, we find that bubble‐mediated exchange, which is not explicitly included by Wanninkhof (1992) or many other formulations, is significant even for soluble gases. If one uses observed saturation anomalies of Ar (a gas with similar characteristics to O2) and a parameterization of gas exchange to calculate gas exchange fluxes, then the calculated fluxes differ by ∼240% if the parameterization presented here is used compared to using the Wanninkhof (1992) parameterization. If instead one includes the gas exchange parameterization in a model, then the calculated fluxes differ by ∼35% between using this parameterization and that of Wanninkhof (1992). These differences suggest that the bubble component should be explicitly included in a range of marine biogeochemical calculations that incorporate air‐sea gas fluxes.
Journal Article
FLT1 and other candidate fetal haemoglobin modifying loci in sickle cell disease in African ancestries
Known fetal haemoglobin (HbF)-modulating loci explain 10–24% variation of HbF level in Africans with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), compared to 50% among Europeans. Here, we report fourteen candidate loci from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of HbF level in patients with SCD from Cameroon, Tanzania, and the United States of America. We present results of cell-based experiments for
FLT1
candidate, demonstrating expression in early haematopoiesis and a possible involvement in hypoxia associated HbF induction. Our study employed genotyping arrays that capture a broad range of African and non-African genetic variation and replicated known loci (
BCL11A
and
HBS1L-MYB
). We estimated the heritability of HbF level in SCD at 94%, higher than estimated in unselected Europeans, and suggesting a robust capture of HbF-associated loci by these arrays. Our approach, which involved genotype imputation against six reference haplotype panels and association analysis with each of the panels, proved superior over selecting a best-performing panel, evidenced by a substantial proportion of panel-specific (up to 18%) and a low proportion of shared (28%) imputed variants across the panels.
Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) levels in Africans with sickle cell disease replicating known loci, identifing 14 candidate loci, and highlighting FLT1’s role in hypoxia-associated HbF induction.
Journal Article
Effects of sedentary behaviour interventions on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in adults: systematic review with meta-analyses
Context/purposeObservational and acute laboratory intervention research has shown that excessive sedentary time is associated adversely with cardiometabolic biomarkers. This systematic review with meta-analyses synthesises results from free living interventions targeting reductions in sedentary behaviour alone or combined with increases in physical activity.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched up to August 2019 for sedentary behaviour interventions in adults lasting for ≥7 days publishing cardiometabolic biomarker outcomes covering body anthropometry, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation (54 studies). The pooled effectiveness of intervention net of control on 15 biomarker outcomes was evaluated using random effects meta-analyses in the studies with control groups not providing other relevant interventions (33 studies; 6–25 interventions analysed).ResultsInterventions between 2 weeks and <6 months in non-clinical populations from North America, Europe and Australia comprised much of the evidence base. Pooled effects revealed small, significant (p<0.05) beneficial effects on weight (≈ −0.6 kg), waist circumference (≈ −0.7 cm), percentage body fat (≈ −0.3 %), systolic blood pressure (≈ −1.1 mm Hg), insulin (≈ −1.4 pM) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≈ 0.04 mM). Pooled effects on the other biomarkers (p>0.05) were also small, and beneficial in direction except for fat-free mass (≈ 0.0 kg). Heterogeneity ranged widely (I2=0.0–72.9).ConclusionsOur review of interventions targeting sedentary behaviour reductions alone, or combined with increases in physical activity, found evidence of effectiveness for improving some cardiometabolic risk biomarkers to a small degree. There was insufficient evidence to evaluate inflammation or vascular function. Key limitations to the underlying evidence base include a paucity of high-quality studies, interventions lasting for ≥12 months, sensitive biomarkers and clinical study populations (eg, type 2 diabetes).PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42016041742
Journal Article
Understanding development of Mainstream US English lexical stress using semi-naturalistic stimuli
Lexical stress—the emphasis placed on syllables within words—is a key feature of spoken language and an important marker for diagnosing speech and language disorders. However, current assessments of prosody, including lexical stress, often rely on reading skills, lack of natural contexts, and have limited clinical utility. To address these challenges, we developed two novel lexical stress (NLS) tasks: (1) a receptive task where participants identified pictures based on the lexical stress of the word, and (2) an expressive task where participants produced target words during a picture description task. Both tasks used familiar multisyllabic words with either trochaic (strong-weak) or iambic (weak-strong) stress patterns. We tested the tasks with 40 neurotypical adults and 15 typically developing children aged 5–11 years who speak mainstream US English. Participants’ responses were judged perceptually, and expressive productions were also analyzed acoustically. Results showed that accuracy was higher on the NLS tasks compared to the PEPS-C, likely reflecting the use of familiar words embedded in meaningful contexts that reduce metalinguistic and task-related demands, thereby supporting greater ecological validity. Duration and intensity were the most reliable acoustic cues distinguishing stress patterns, while fundamental frequency (pitch) was less informative. These findings provide initial evidence that the NLS tasks are feasible, developmentally appropriate, and psychometrically promising for assessing lexical stress without literacy demands. By embedding items in meaningful contexts, the tasks may offer a more natural and clinically useful approach to evaluating prosody. Future work will expand testing with younger children and clinical populations.
Journal Article