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The transport of oversized loads, such as wind turbine components, represents a key logistical challenge due to specific technical and regulatory requirements. The development of the renewable energy sector, particularly wind energy in Poland, has significantly increased the demand for this type of transport. The implementation of wind farm construction projects requires not only advanced technological solutions but also special attention to transport safety and the organization of logistical processes. This study employed the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) risk analysis method, which allows for the identification of potential defects and their causes. Data were collected through surveys, interviews with representatives of transport companies, and field observations. The research sample included 11 companies specializing in oversized transport in Poland and European countries. Based on the gathered information, 15 typical risks associated with the transport of wind turbine components were identified. The most significant risks include the possibility of road accidents and discrepancies between the actual dimensions of the cargo and the transport documentation. The results highlight the need for improvements in route planning, precise verification of cargo parameters, and better management of administrative processes related to obtaining permits. The development of the wind energy sector and dynamic investments in wind farms make the optimization of oversized transport a crucial element in supporting the execution of eco-friendly projects and sustainable development.

The publication analyzes the logistic processes taking place in the energy sector. The impact of the analyzed logistic processes is crucial for the alternative energy sources industry. This article focuses on home photovoltaic installations. The bases for further research are the previously identified stages of logistic processes related to photovoltaic installations. Individual, selected logistics processes and their impact on the implementation of photovoltaic installations have been described in detail together with the results of the research. The basis of the research was to conduct a survey among randomly selected people who have been in possession of a photovoltaic installation since 2018 in Poland. This article is an introduction to further research on the analysis of logistic processes in other branches of energy.

In the current era of urban development, people are already using electric vehicles more and more often for transport purposes, which reduces negative impacts on the environment. However, there are still vehicles in towns and cities that run on ordinary internal combustion engines. Performing optimization measures on the operation of these vehicles improves their performance, which can result in positive sustainable development effects. This article presents measures to reduce the wear and tear of urban vehicles and outlines a decision model to determine which of the vehicle parts described suffer the most frequent wear and tear under urban conditions. The article presents a list of structural elements that are most affected by urban traffic, as well as corrective actions to improve such specialized vehicles. Based on the decision analysis, Rule 1 was eliminated as having the least significant impact on vehicle wear and tear, and the least significant impact on urban safety. On the other hand, the most worn-out elements were found to be gearboxes, clutches, bus levelling electronics, and brake pads and discs. The decision-making model made it possible to identify the factors which have the greatest impact on reducing safety in urban spaces.

Purpose: The purpose of the publication is to indicate the validity of building industry supply chains and to present a modified FMEA analysis for the heavy industry supply chain. Approach/Methodology/Design: The research was carried out with reference to companies operating in the heavy metal industry between 2016 and 2020 on a European scale. The presented results concern one aspect of the conducted research related to the identification of key areas and determinants shaping industry supply chains. Findings: The results obtained determine the specificity of the heavy industry supply chain, where social and societal aspects had the greatest impact on industry supply chains, mainly related to the lack of qualified staff, the increase in labour costs and social benefits and the need to meet staffing needs with foreign human resources. Practical Implications: The relationships of companies operating in the heavy industry sector, the specifics of the supply chain and the risk factors affecting the companies in question are examined, as well as relating the risk elements to the heavy industry sector. Originality/Value: The article contains important determinants for the development of the heavy industry explained along with the presentation of an innovative method combining FMEA analysis with the emergence of determinants shaping the industry.

Purpose: The paper presents an analysis of supply chain concepts and research on the industry supply chain. The aim of the paper was to present the industry supply chain for the heavy industry. Approach/Methodology/Design: The literature analysis conducted emerged supply chain concepts on theoretical grounds, which enabled the development of a supply chain concept dedicated to the heavy industry. The research methodology was also based on a 2016-2019 analysis of the heavy industry industry, an interview and a literature analysis of previously known supply chain concepts. The study group consists of nine business entities. Findings: The main conclusion of the article is that industrial supply chains operate without spatial constraints and use every possible mode of transport, depending on demand. The flow of goods is strongly dependent on energy prices, raw material prices and labour costs. Skilful stock control is an important factor. Practical Implications: It is safe to say that supply chains have existed since the beginning of entrepreneurship. The article helps to understand this phenomenon, as well as shows a practical look at a specific area of research through an extended research sample from heavy industry. A certain limitation may be that the industry is too dynamically changing. Consequently, the study of supply chain flows requires continuous improvement. Originality/Value: The analysis of the heavy industry sector enabled the development of interdependencies between the entities involved in the flow of goods. The article provides a basis for improving supply chains in the heavy industry sector.