Explore the vast range of titles available.

The outbreak of certain bacteria can trigger severe diseases, even posing a threat to public safety, leading to significant social panic and economic losses. Thus, tracing the origin of bacteria is of great significance. Stable isotope analysis technology offers a new way to determine the geographical information of bacteria, yet related research still fails to meet the application requirements of this technology in practical cases of bacterial traceability. In this study, a systematic stable isotope analysis method for bacteria and their culture conditions, based on practical geographical environments, was established for the first time. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured with water from five regions and different culture media, and the stable isotope ratios of H/O/C/N in the two bacteria and the culture media were measured to explore the relationship between bacteria and their cultivation site. The results showed that there were linear relationships between the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of the two bacteria and the culture water. The combined discriminant model constructed using multi-isotope (H/O/C/N) characteristics achieved a 100% accuracy rate in identifying the types of culture media. These results indicate that research on the isotope association between bacteria and their culture water can be used to infer the cultivation region, and the specific source of bacteria can be further inferred through the multi-isotope combination discriminant model. This study can provide a relatively complete research idea for bacterial geographical traceability research, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of bacterial traceability work in practical investigations. Key points Established a systematic stable isotope analysis method for bacteria. E. coli and S. aureus have linear H/O isotope correlations with culture water. Multi-isotope discriminant model achieves 100% accuracy in identifying culture media.

The detection of explosives is highly important for the investigation of explosion cases and public safety management. However, the detection of trace explosive residues in complex matrices remains a major challenge. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which mimic the antigen–antibody recognition mechanism, can selectively recognize and bind target explosive molecules. They offer advantages such as high efficiency, specificity, renewability, and ease of preparation, and they have shown significant potential for the efficient extraction and highly sensitive detection of trace explosive residues in complex matrices. This review comprehensively discusses the applications of MIPs in the analysis of explosives; systematically summarizes the preparation methods; and evaluates their performance in detecting nitroaromatic explosives, nitrate esters, nitroamine explosives, and peroxide explosives. Finally, this review explores the future potential of emerging technologies in enhancing the MIP-based analysis of explosives. The aim is to support the further application of MIPs in the investigation of explosion cases and safety management, providing more effective technical solutions for public safety.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare, inherited bone marrow failure syndrome resulting from mutations in genes responsible for telomere maintenance. We report a familial case of DC in two brothers, who exhibited the classic diagnostic triad of reticulate skin pigmentation, oral leukoplakia, and nail dystrophy. Genetic analysis identified a rare, hemizygous missense mutation (c.92A>C, p.Gln31Pro) in the DKC1 gene. This case underscores the variable expressivity of DKC1 mutations and reinforces the importance of recognizing the characteristic mucocutaneous features for timely diagnosis and management of this multisystem disorder.

Purpose To investigate the characteristic manifestations of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) under dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and explore the diagnostic value of dermoscopy combined with RCM for BCC. Methods A cohort of 71 patients with the suspected clinical diagnosis of BCC underwent dermoscopy, RCM, and histopathological examinations. The concordance of dermoscopy, RCM, and dermoscopy combined with RCM with histopathology was individually assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the diagnostic performance of these modalities. Results Using histopathology as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall agreement rate were 95%, 81.82%, and 92.96% for dermoscopy; 96.67%, 72.73%, and 92.96% for RCM; and 98.30%, 81.80%, and 95.80% for dermoscopy + RCM, respectively. Assessment of the concordance of dermoscopy, RCM, and dermoscopy + RCM with histopathology yielded kappa values of 0.741, 0.721, and 0.832, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for dermoscopy, RCM, and dermoscopy + RCM were 0.884, 0.847, and 0.901, respectively, with dermoscopy + RCM demonstrating the best diagnostic efficacy. Conclusion This study elucidated the common characteristic features of BCC, as visualized on dermoscopy and RCM, indicating the enhanced diagnostic efficacy of combining dermoscopy with RCM in BCC.

Dermoscopy has evolved from a primary tool in skin oncology to an indispensable, noninvasive adjunct in the diagnosis and management of facial non‐neoplastic dermatoses, which are frequently challenging due to overlapping clinical morphologies. This review synthesizes the characteristic dermoscopic patterns, histopathological correlates, and clinical applications of this technique across a spectrum of common facial conditions, including inflammatory diseases (rosacea, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and acne vulgaris), pigmentary disorders (melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation), and infections (viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, tinea faciei, and Pityrosporum folliculitis). The analysis demonstrates that dermoscopy significantly refines diagnostic accuracy by revealing subsurface pathognomonic features—such as vascular networks, scaling patterns, and specific pigment structures—that enable precise phenotypic stratification and differentiation between clinically similar entities. Beyond diagnosis, it establishes an objective baseline and serves as a dynamic monitoring tool, allowing for the sequential tracking of therapeutic response and guiding personalized treatment decisions. Consequently, dermoscopy transcends its role as a mere diagnostic amplifier, solidifying its position as a cornerstone of precision medicine that enhances both diagnostic confidence and long‐term management outcomes in facial dermatology.

The source inference of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is of great significance in the fight against crime. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is a reliable method for accurately measuring the isotope ratio, and it has been successfully used to differentiate and trace various explosives, including TATP. However, the current studies are not suitable for analyzing trace amounts of TATP in complex matrices. The matrix at the explosion site is complex, with severe interference and low levels of explosive residues, which makes it difficult to extract the explosive residues. Therefore, an effective method for extracting and enriching TATP is necessary before conducting IRMS analysis. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an efficient extraction technology that combines extraction, concentration and sample injection. In this study, SPME-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) method based on isoreticular metal-organic framework-8 (IRMOF-8) coated fiber was established for the first time for the analysis of δ13C and δ2H signatures of TATP. The limits of detection of δ13C and δ2H signatures of TATP were 100 ng and 9 µg, respectively, with measurement errors of 0.36 ‰ and −3.75 ‰. The IRMOF-8-coated fiber exhibited better mechanical stability and a lower limit of detection compared to the commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. Using the established method, six TATP samples from different sources were distinguished accurately. The impact of matrix (soil and tap water) on δ13C and δ2H signatures of TATP was also investigated. The established method demonstrated high sensitivity and precision, making it suitable for in-situ extraction and source of trace explosive residues in explosion cases. •Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials were used to extract TATP.•MOFs based SPME-GC-IRMS method was established to determine TATP.•δ13C and δ2H signatures of TATP in complex matrix were detected.•The differentiation of TATP from different sources was realized

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is a high-power explosive which is often used by criminals. The detection of TATP is of great significance for solving the explosion cases. However, the preconcentration and analysis of trace levels of TATP still pose challenges for analytical researchers. In this study, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), including IRMOF-8, MOF-5, UIO-66, ZIF-8, and MIL-101(Cr), were immobilized on a stainless steel wire using a physical adhesive method as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. The prepared fibers with a controllable thickness were used for the extraction of TATP followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Under the identical experimental conditions, the IRMOF-8-coated fiber exhibited higher extraction efficiency for TATP than the other fibers. The IRMOF-8-coated fiber was then characterized using scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the IRMOF-8-coated fiber not only had good thermal and chemical stabilities but also afforded a high TATP extraction efficiency. Under the same extraction conditions, the extraction efficiency of the IRMOF-8-coated fiber was 2–8 times higher than those of commercial fibers. The limit of detection was 13 ng/mL, and linearity was observed in the range of 50–5000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.998. The intraday repeatability (n = 6), interday repeatability (n = 3), and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n = 3), were 4.1 %, 4.8 %, and 8.0 %, respectively. The recoveries of TATP from the simulated tap water and soil samples were 87.32–90.57 % and 88.76–100.93 %, respectively, with relative standard deviations lower than 11.11 % (n = 3). The above method was successfully applied for the detection of TATP transferred from a finger to a paper surface, demonstrating its good application prospects in the analysis of trace TATP. •MOF-based SPME fibers were prepared to extract TATP.•The extraction efficiencies of different MOF-coated fibers were compared.•Good stabilities and extraction efficiencies were obtained for IRMOF-8-coated fiber.•Extraction efficiency of IRMOF-8-coated fiber was higher than for commercial fibers.

As an endangered species, the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) faces severe threats to its survival from illegal poaching and cross-border smuggling, which also undermines biodiversity. Traceability detection of Amur tigers is crucial for combating such crimes; however, current traceability efforts primarily rely on witness testimony, lacking scientific and technological support. To address this gap, this study pioneers the application of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) in the field of forensic science, focusing on Amur tiger hair to develop a traceability technology. Hair samples were collected from 20 Amur tigers across 10 zoos in different regions of China, and their stable isotope abundance values were analyzed. The results showed no significant differences in δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ²H, and δ¹⁸O values among different hair samples from the same individual. For different individuals in the same zoo, the isotope abundance values of their hair were dominated by the feeding conditions, with only minor variations. Additionally, the isotope abundance values of Amur tiger hair from different zoos exhibited characteristic distributions. The reasons for the differences were discussed, and the Amur tiger hairs from different zoos were differentiated. The stable isotope traceability technology for Amur tiger hair established in this study provides key technical support for combating illegal poaching and trade of Amur tigers in the forensic science field. It also offers a reference for the traceability detection of other endangered species. •IRMS used to trace rare animals in forensic science.•Regional differences in isotopes reflected local food/water sources.•Different Amur tigers were successfully distinguished via stable isotope ratios.

High entropy alloys have excellent wear resistance, so they have great application prospects in the fields of wear resistance and surface protection. In this study, the wear resistance of the FeNiCrCoCu high entropy alloy coating was systematically analyzed by the molecular dynamics method. FeNiCrCoCu high entropy alloy was used as a coating material to adhere to the surface of a Cu matrix. The friction and nanoindentation simulation of this coating material were carried out by controlling the ambient temperature. The influence of temperature on its friction properties was analyzed on five aspects: lattice structure, dislocation evolution, friction coefficient, hardness, and elastic modulus. The results show that with the increase of temperature, the disorder of the lattice structure increases, which leads to an increase of the tangential force and friction coefficient in the friction process. At 300 K and 600 K, the ordered lattice structure of the high entropy alloy coating material is basically the same, and thus its hardness is basically the same. However, the dislocation density at 600 K is significantly reduced compared with that at 300 K, resulting in an increase of the elastic modulus of the material from 173 GPa to 219 GPa. At temperatures of 900 K and 1200 K, lattice disorder takes place rapidly, and dislocation density also decreases significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in the hardness and elastic modulus of the material. When the temperature reaches 900 K, the wear resistance of the FeNiCrCoCu high entropy alloy coating decreases sharply. This work is of great value in the analysis of wear resistance of high entropy alloys at high temperature.

In recent years, with the implementation of the general contracting mode of construction market engineering in China, the competition between the owner and the contractor for the control of the design of the trial diagram hasn't been uncommon. The reason is that China's low trust construction environment is not suitable for high trust market environment. On the one hand, the contractor considers that the characteristics of the general contracting of the project lead the owner to transfer the majority of control to the control of the contractor, which can utilize the design and construction to make the profit. On the other hand, the owner is concerned that the contractor will use the information asymmetry to generate moral hazard and harm the interests of the owner after obtaining the control of the project. In this paper, construction general contracting mode of project management performance improvement based on the concept of the IPD DB mode of cooperation is to improve research, improve the relationship between the owner and the contractor.