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Background Physical inactivity is a significant public health issue among children. As compulsory physical education (PE) alone is often insufficient, structured after-school physical activity (PA) programs have been proposed as a complement. This pilot study evaluated a 12-week after-school PA program under China’s ‘Double Reduction’ Policy, assessing its effects on fitness, body composition, physical activity, and sleep in primary school students. Methods Thirty-four fourth-grade students from a primary school in Beijing were nonrandomly assigned to a control group (CG, n  = 16, regular PE classes) or an experimental group (EG, n  = 18, regular PE classes plus a structured after-school PA program, 5 times/week, 40 min/session) on the basis of their willingness to participate. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. The primary outcome was the 50 m×8 shuttle run. Secondary outcomes included fitness and agility measures, body composition, accelerometer-based physical activity, and sleep parameters. The data were analyzed via covariance (ANCOVA), one-way repeated-measures ANOVA, t-tests, and non-parametric tests. Results Compared to the CG, the EG showed significantly greater improvement in the primary outcome, the 50 m×8 shuttle run (mean difference [MD] = -8.48 s, 95% CI: -16.02 to -0.93). The EG also demonstrated superior improvements in key secondary outcomes, including the overall physical fitness composite score (MD = -0.49, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.27), the overall agility composite score (MD = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.81 to -0.05), 50 m sprint (MD = 1.72 s, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.23), and body weight (MD = 1.00 kg, 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.85). Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), excluding the intervention hours, significantly increased within the EG (F = 8.270, P  < 0.01). However, no significant changes of sleep parameters were found from baseline to post-intervention in the EG (all P > 0.05). Conclusion The 12-week structured after-school PA program proved to be a feasible and effective strategy for enhancing physical fitness, improving body composition, and increasing daily MVPA among primary school students within the “Double Reduction” policy context. Trial registration This study was registered prospectively in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) on December 30, 2022 (Registration number: ChiCTR2200067241).

Electronic phase separation in complex oxides is the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of electronic phases, involving length scales much larger than those of structural defects or nonuniform distribution of chemical dopants. While experimental efforts focused on phase separation and established its correlation with nonlinear responses under external stimuli, it remains controversial whether phase separation requires quenched disorder for its realization. Early theory predicted that if perfectly “clean” samples could be grown, both phase separation and nonlinearities would be replaced by a bicritical-like phase diagram. Here, using a layer-by-layer superlattice growth technique we fabricate a fully chemically ordered “tricolor” manganite superlattice, and compare its properties with those of isovalent alloyed manganite films. Remarkably, the fully ordered manganite does not exhibit phase separation, while its presence is pronounced in the alloy. This suggests that chemical-dopinginduced disorder is crucial to stabilize the potentially useful nonlinear responses of manganites, as theory predicted.

Tailoring molecular spinterface between novel magnetic materials and organic semiconductors offers promise to achieve high spin injection efficiency. Yet it has been challenging to achieve simultaneously a high and nonvolatile control of magnetoresistance effect in organic spintronic devices. To date, the largest magnetoresistance (~300% at T  = 10 K) has been reached in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 )-based organic spin valves (OSVs) using La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 as a magnetic electrode. Here we demonstrate that one type of perovskite manganites, i.e., a (La 2/3 Pr 1/3 ) 5/8 Ca 3/8 MnO 3 thin film with pronounced electronic phase separation (EPS), can be used in Alq 3 -based OSVs to achieve a large magnetoresistance (MR) up to 440% at T  = 10 K and a typical electrical Hanle effect as the Hallmark of the spin injection. The contactless magnetic field-controlled EPS enables us to achieve a nonvolatile tunable MR response persisting up to 120 K. Our study suggests a new route to design high performance multifunctional OSV devices using electronic phase separated manganites. Organic materials hold great potential of for spintronic applications. Here the authors show electronic phase dependent magnetoresistance (MR) effect in LPCMO/Alq 3 /Co junctions with large MR up to 440% at 10 K as well as electrical Hanle effect as the Hallmark of the spin injection.

Strongly correlated materials often exhibit an electronic phase separation (EPS) phenomena whose domain pattern is random in nature. The ability to control the spatial arrangement of the electronic phases at microscopic scales is highly desirable for tailoring their macroscopic properties and/or designing novel electronic devices. Here we report the formation of EPS nanoscale network in a mono-atomically stacked LaMnO 3 /CaMnO 3 /PrMnO 3 superlattice grown on SrTiO 3 (STO) (001) substrate, which is known to have an antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulating ground state. The EPS nano-network is a consequence of an internal strain relaxation triggered by the structural domain formation of the underlying STO substrate at low temperatures. The same nanoscale network pattern can be reproduced upon temperature cycling allowing us to employ different local imaging techniques to directly compare the magnetic and transport state of a single EPS domain. Our results confirm the one-to-one correspondence between ferromagnetic (AFM) to metallic (insulating) state in manganite. It also represents a significant step in a paradigm shift from passively characterizing EPS in strongly correlated systems to actively engaging in its manipulation. In strongly correlated materials multiple electronic phases can form simultaneously in real space, offering the potential of devices with multiple electronic properties, if such phase separation can be controlled. Here, Li et al study this electronic phase separation in LaMnO3/CaMnO3/PrMnO3 superlattice, and find a nano-network electronic phase separation resulting from local strain relaxation that persists through thermal cycling.

Enhancements in water quality and soil characteristics of wetlands can improve the ecological environment of the area and enrich its biodiversity. The present study examined the effects of five distinct crops ( i.e. : colza oil, mustard, Chinese cabbage, wheat, barley) cultivated in remediation plots, and evaluated their impact on water quality and soil fertility. The water quality within the remediated farmland was categorized as Class III (moderately polluted). The soil exhibited low total nitrogen and organic matter levels (the mean values were respectively 0.032% and 10.84 g/kg), and high readily available phosphorus and potassium concentration (the mean values were respectively 75.71 and 247.64 mg/kg). The soil fertility was comprehensively categorized as Class III (moderately polluted). Subsequently, the different components of bird droppings in the soil were investigated for their potential effects on soil fertility. The present research demonstrated that the remediation of farmland had the potential to enhance the quality of water and soil fertility in wetland. This, in turn, might result in an increased number of migratory birds inhabiting the area.

Naoxintong capsule (NXT) is one of the most prevalent Traditional Chinese Medicine formulations in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), yet the action of pharmacodynamic components remains unclear. To determine the basis by which pharmacodynamic components of NXT may be effective in the treatment of CHD. The protective effect of NXT (0.01-100 μg/mL) on 293 T and hy926 cells was determined by MTT assay for 24 h. Afterwards, to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis of NXT in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, based on previous UPLC/Q-TOF analysis, 293 T and hy926 cells were divided into control (treated with solvent), model (incubated with TNF-α, LPS or H 2 O 2 ), intervention (treated with UPLC components) and positive groups. After 24 h of treatment, all cells were tested to verify the screening results. MOE software was applied to dock bioactive compounds with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), then the protein expression and phosphate levels were determined by western blotting. NXT could significantly inhibit the expression of NF-κB, MMP-9 and NO in cells with IC 50 values of 0.1178, 0.1182 and 0.1094 μg/mL. Based on the screening results, six components of NXT were identified (calycosin, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B, ononin, salvianolic acid E, and salvianolic acid F) which can inhibit NF-κB, MMP-9, and NO simultaneously, while exerting cytoprotective effects by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway under different conditions by virtue of their advantageous interaction with PI3K. These ingredients have outstanding therapeutic potential and may provide a scientific basis for the future application and research of NXT.

Barley is one of the world's earliest domesticated crops, which is widely used for beer production, animal feeding, and health care. Barley seed germination, particularly in increasingly saline soils, is key to ensure the safety of crop production. However, the mechanism of salt‐affected seed germination in barley remains elusive. Here, two different colored barley varieties were used to independently study the regulation mechanism of salt tolerance during barley seed germination. High salinity delays barley seed germination by slowing down starch mobilization efficiency in seeds. The starch plate test revealed that salinity had a significant inhibitory effect on α‐amylase activity in barley seeds. Further, NaCl treatment down‐regulated the expression of Amy1, Amy2 and Amy3 genes in germinated seeds, thereby inhibiting α‐amylase activity. In addition, the result of embryogenic culture system in vitro showed that the shoot elongation of barley was significantly inhibited by salt stress. These findings indicate that it is a feasible idea to study the regulation mechanism of salinity on barley seed germination and embryo growth from the aspect of starch‐related source‐sink communication.

BackgroundGreenhouse cultivation is mainly a monoculture system, which leads to severe soil degradation, with significant changes to the structure of the soil microbial community. The present study aimed to determine the effects of fertilizer and waterlogging (WL) on the microbial community of soil that was continuously monocropped with cucumber in a greenhouse for 3 years (2016–2019). Biolog EcoPlates™ and high-throughput sequencing were used to investigate the abundance, structure, and diversity of the soil microbial community.ResultsCompared with the initial total soluble salt content (8.65 g/kg), total soluble salt content after WL significantly decreased to 0.597 g/kg. Compared to control (CK) soil, the abundance of fungal species in the chemical fertilizer plus waterlogging (CFWL)-treated soil increased by 40.5%, while bacterial species abundance in the organic fertilizer plus waterlogging (OFWL)-treated soil increased by 10.7%. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Arthrobacter, Geobacter, and Bacillus was higher in OFWL-treated soil than CFWL-treated soil (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe application of CFWL to greenhouse soil under continuous monoculture produces fungal-dominated soil, whereas OFWL application alone produces bacterial-dominated soil.

Freshly harvested Jerusalem artichoke tubers contain inulinase, an enzyme that requires inactivation, because of its ability to hydrolysis inulin into fructose, which can be consumed by microorganism during marination. As the traditional pickling process takes 6 months, and involves the addition of a large amount of salt (18–20%), this production strategy is uneconomical and increases the nitrite intake. Additionally, miscellaneous bacteria produced during pickling affect the product taste. In this study, the enzyme inactivation effects of NaCl, NaHCO 3 , and ultrasound were evaluated. NaHCO 3 treatment results in the highest degree of enzyme inactivation; however, the quality and flavor of the obtained Jerusalem artichoke pickles were not ideal. The Jerusalem artichoke pickles in which the enzymes were inactivated using a combination of NaCl and ultrasound exhibited better flavor than those exposed to NaHCO 3 ; further, this combination reduced the inulinase activity of the Jerusalem artichokes to 2.50 U/mL, and maintained the inulin content at 61.22%. The strains LS3 and YS2, identified as Enterococcus faecalis and the salt-tolerant yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii , respectively, were the dominant microorganisms isolated from the pickle juice. Jerusalem artichokes with inactivated inulinase were pickled with microbial powder, separated, purified, and dried to remove the natural Jerusalem artichoke sauce. This process shortened the fermentation cycle and improved product quality.

Popularizing contemporary Chinese Marxism is urgently needed in order to support the ongoing development of socialism with Chinese characteristics as well as the inherent necessity of Marxism. This essay views the popularization of Marxism as a turning point in the new media environment. It examines the necessity and reality of this popularization in the new media era, considers the new development needs of the popularization of Marxism in propaganda, and further unearths the original construction concepts of the popularization of the Marxism propaganda network. In parallel, a Marxist learning platform is built using data mining technology. Studies reveal that this algorithm has a high clustering accuracy and a recall rate that is about 6% higher than DECluster’s. Additionally, this algorithm takes less time to execute under the same scale transaction set. This demonstrates the superior performance of this algorithm. The user’s learning record and learning interests can be formed into an intuitive law using the algorithm presented in this study, which can be used to analyze and calculate the user’s learning content related to Marxism. This law can then be used to assist the user in creating a customized learning plan for Marxism.