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Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major cause of lower limb amputations. Many treatment recommendations have been proposed. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of topical sucralfate when combined with mupirocin ointment, in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer in comparison to topical mupirocin alone, in terms of healing rates. This open-labeled randomized study was conducted on 108 patients to evaluate the effectiveness of topical sucralfate and mupirocin combination, compared to topical mupirocin alone. The patients were administered the same parenteral antibiotic, and wounds were subjected to daily dressing. The healing rates (determined by the percentage reduction in wound area) in the two groups were calculated. The mean healing rates in both groups were expressed in percentage and compared using the Student's t-test. A total of 108 patients were included in the study. Male-to-female ratio was 3:1. The incidence of diabetic foot was the highest (50.9%) in the age group of 50-59 years. The mean age of the study population was 51 years. The incidence of diabetic foot ulcers was highest in the months of July-August (42%). A total of 71.2% patients had random blood sugar levels between 150-200 mg/dL, and 72.2% patients had diabetes for five to 10 years. The mean±standard deviation (SD) of the healing rates in the sucralfate and mupirocin combination group and the control group were 16.2±7.3% and 14.5±6.6%, respectively. Comparison of the means by Student's t-test failed to show a statistical difference in healing rates between the two groups (p=0.201). We concluded that the addition of topical sucralfate does not show any obvious benefits in terms of healing rates in diabetic foot ulcers as compared to mupirocin alone.

Hypercholesterolemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, necessitating effective management strategies. Herbal interventions have gained attention as potential alternative or complementary therapies to conventional lipid-lowering medications. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various herbal interventions in managing hypercholesterolemia. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, DHARA, AYUSH research portal, WHO portal, Shodhganga, and Google scholar as well as dissertations and thesis work available in the public domain and unpublished works from university websites for studies published from January 2020 onward. Randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of herbal interventions on cholesterol levels will be included. The primary outcome is the change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by 3 reviewers, and discrepancies will be resolved by a fourth reviewer. All statistical analyses will be conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration software program, RevMan Web. Following an initial screening, 96 studies were identified. After removing duplicates, 7 studies were excluded, leaving 89 studies ready for data extraction. The results of these studies will be synthesized and analyzed upon completion. This review aims to synthesize evidence on the potential benefits of herbal interventions in managing hypercholesterolemia. Preliminary findings suggest that specific herbal interventions may contribute to lower cholesterol levels, potentially complementing standard hypercholesterolemia management strategies. The findings will be systematically analyzed and presented upon completion of the review, providing insights into the effectiveness of integrating these interventions into current treatment protocols. PROSPERO CRD42024548858; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024548858. DERR1-10.2196/68016.

Metal foundries make heavy use of metal casting. The residual sand, also known as foundry sand, is removed from the foundry after numerous cycles of recycling and reuse have been completed successfully. This article describes the environmentally safe and technically sound uses of foundry sand in civil engineering. Using foundry sand in several engineering applications can solve the problem of foundry sand disposal and other problems. Silica sand is the primary component of foundry sand, which is subsequently coated with a thin layer of carbon, dust, and any leftover binder. Foundry sand can increase the strength and durability of concrete. Foundry sand can be used as a supplement, a partial replacement for fine aggregate, a complete replacement for fine aggregate, or as a replacement for cement in order to achieve a variety of concrete properties. In the present study, the impact of replacing fine aggregate with foundry sand on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus of concrete with mix proportions of 1:1.45:2.2:1.103 was analysed. Three proportions of foundry sand were substituted for fine aggregates. The replacement percentages for fine aggregate were 10, 20, and 30 percent by weight. During varied curing times, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus tests were conducted on all replacement sand levels (14-days & 28-days) Test findings revealed a modest improvement in compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity when fine aggregates were replaced with a certain amount of foundry sand. This indicates that foundry sand can be safely utilised in concrete for durability and strength purposes.