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Today, Artificial Intelligence is achieving prodigious real-time performance, thanks to growing computational data and power capacities. However, there is little knowledge about what system results convey; thus, they are at risk of being susceptible to bias, and with the roots of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) in almost every territory, even a minuscule bias can result in excessive damage. Efforts towards making AI interpretable have been made to address fairness, accountability, and transparency concerns. This paper proposes two unique methods to understand the system’s decisions aided by visualizing the results. For this study, interpretability has been implemented on Natural Language Processing-based sentiment analysis using data from various social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit. With Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning (“VADER”), heatmaps are generated, which account for visual justification of the result, increasing comprehensibility. Furthermore, Locally Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (“LIME”) have been used to provide in-depth insight into the predictions. It has been found experimentally that the proposed system can surpass several contemporary systems designed to attempt interpretability.

Introduction Impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) extraction, is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery, which may present with post-op complications like Inferior Alveolar neurosensory deficit (IANSD). Risk factor assessment by correlating pre-op OPG, CBCT findings with intra-op parameters provides a comprehensive tool for predicting nerve injury which forms the basis of this clinico-radiological study. Materials and Method Hundred patients with IMTM taken up for transalveolar extraction secondary to varied etiologies, were evaluated for post-op IANSD while comparing pre-op OPG and CBCT association with Intra-op parameters like hemorrhage, odontectomy, bone removal and physical observation of the canal. Affected patients on the 7th day were then followed up for 14th day, 01 month and 6 months for evaluating resolution of neurosensory deficit. Results A total of n  = 9 out of 100 patients presented with post-surgical IANSD. Pre-op OPG findings of loss of white lines, deflection of roots and CBCT findings of inferior and lingual canal position were predominant attributable factors ( p  = 0.017). Intra-operatively, hemorrhage ( p  = 0.001), bone removal ( p  = 0.016) and odontectomy ( p  = 0.427) were associated with deficit in decreasing order while canal observation was definitely associated with IANSD ( p  = 0.007). All the patients recovered at 06 month follow up depicting only transient neurosensory deficit in our study sample. Conclusion Varied anatomic orientation of IMTM and its intimate association with IANC may pose as an indicator of post-op IANSD causing both surgeon and patient dissatisfaction. It is, thus, important to assess tooth and canal complex thoroughly and educate the patients about possible IANSD complication after correlating them with intra-op findings to avoid undue clinical surprises.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In edentulous individuals, single implant-retained mandibular overdentures are an effective substitute for double implant-retained overdentures. In this current research, the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed for the immediate loading overdenture using the implants. The comparisons are drawn between the single and double implants. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects received single and double implants for the placement of the mandibular overdentures. Within a week days of implant insertion, they were loaded with overdentures. Using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, the OHRQoL was measured before treatment, one month following treatment, and 12 months thereafter. Results: In both the single implant and double implant groups, participants' mean OHIP-14 scores decreased statistically significantly for the different timelines. For the single implant group, the baseline total mean OHIP-14 score was 14.33, and for double implants, it was 19.15. Following therapy, it decreased to 8.55 in the single implant group and 9.48 for the double implant group at one month, and at 12 months, it further decreased to 3.25 in the single implant group while it was 5.15 in the double implant group. Conclusions: Single and double implants increase the QoL for older subjects who are edentulous at the 1-month and 1-year recall points. When two implants are used by older individuals, the single implant might offer an equivalent quality of life.

Background Term small for gestational age (SGA) babies are at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia. The association between maternal and infant iron stores is not clear. Objective To assess proportion of term SGA neonates developing iron deficiency anemia by 10 weeks of age, and measure correlation between iron profile and hepcidin of babies at birth and at 10 weeks of age with maternal iron profile. Design Prospective cohort study conducted from November, 2018 to April, 2020. Participants 120 term SGA babies and their mothers. Intervention Hemogram, iron profile and serum hepcidin (every fourth case) estimated in mother, cord blood and baby at 10 weeks. Babies developing anemia at 6 weeks detected by hemogram and ferritin were started on iron supplementation and excluded from the study. Outcome Proportion of babies developing iron deficiency anemia at 10 weeks of age. Results 35 (29.2%) of 120 term SGA babies developed anemia (hemoglobin <9 g/dL) at 6 weeks. Proportion of infants who developed iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin <9 g/dL and serum ferritin <40 µ/dL) at 6 and 10 weeks of age was 14.2% and 23.3%, respectively. No significant correlation was found bet-ween hemoglobin, iron and hepcidin of the baby in cord blood and at 10 weeks of age with that of mothers. Serum hepcidin in babies at birth (137.5 ng/mL) were higher than maternal values (128 ng/mL). Conclusion A significant proportion of term SGA infants developed anemia during early infancy, irrespective of maternal iron status.