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Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa), like many countries, experienced widespread demand for health services, threatening to collapse the health system. In addition to stringent border control, isolation policies for those with COVID-19, and instituting lockdowns, the government imposed a COVID-19 vaccine mandate for groups of essential workers, including healthcare professionals. Some literature argues that the COVID-19 vaccine mandates restrict individuals' freedoms through the loss of employment, income, and status as a healthcare professional. This qualitative research explored how COVID-19 vaccine mandates impacted healthcare professionals. Data from eight in-depth interviews with former healthcare professionals who experienced termination of their employment, and four managers or business owners were thematically analysed. The theme, Mandate-Induced Traumatic Decision-Making and Loss and two sub-themes, A Change in Attitudes and Ongoing Impacts on Lives, were identified. We found the COVID-19 vaccine mandates had detrimental impacts on those healthcare professionals affected by their decision not to have or complete COVID-19 vaccinations. Despite what participants believed were legitimate reasons for not being vaccinated, they experienced ongoing trauma and psychological, unemployment, and financial harm. The findings question the public good benefits of the vaccine mandate when it restricts the freedom, autonomy, and agency of much-needed healthcare professionals, which provide useful insights.

Two years after writing that first article, I am pleased to report our workload and job satisfaction has been completely transformed by the employment of additional nurses and health-care assistants. Often the senior nurse on duty was caring for the most complex patients, as well as acting as shift coordinator. Jan Dewar, RN, is a senior staff nurse at Waikato Hospital.

Despite decades of work by tertiary providers to increase the Maori nursing workforce, there has been little change in the numbers of Maori nurses graduating from schools of nursing. The call for more culturally responsive teaching and learning strategies saw one tertiary provider implement Maori student cohorts for labs and tutorials in year one and two of the Bachelor of Health Science Nursing programme. This research explored the student experience of the cohorts using a hermeneutic methodology within a Maori-centred approach. Students in year two and three of the programme who had participated in the cohorts were invited to join focus groups to share their experiences. Data from the focus groups was analysed using van Manen's approach with a Maori lens. The themes of whanaungatanga (connection), tikanga (correct practice), wananga (learning conversation) and manaakitanga (ethic of care) emerged from the data. Cohorting was identified as a culturally responsive teaching and learning strategy. It provided a safe space for learning in what is a predominantly western monocultural system. It was not suffient on its own however. Cohorting of Maori students needs to be supported by teaching practices which include tikanga Maori, wananga as a formal teaching strategy and the overt demonstration of manaakitanga to ensure it meets the needs of Maori nursing students. When integrated into programmes of study, Maori student cohorts have the potential to not only support retention, but also the development of the student's professional identity as a 'Maori' nurse.

Human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings provide data with much greater spatiotemporal precision than is possible from data obtained using scalp EEG, magnetoencephalography (MEG), or functional MRI. Until recently, the fusion of anatomical data (MRI and computed tomography (CT) images) with electrophysiological data and their subsequent analysis have required the use of technologically and conceptually challenging combinations of software. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol that enables complex raw human iEEG data to be converted into more readily comprehensible illustrative representations. The protocol uses an open-source toolbox for electrophysiological data analysis (FieldTrip). This allows iEEG researchers to build on a continuously growing body of scriptable and reproducible analysis methods that, over the past decade, have been developed and used by a large research community. In this protocol, we describe how to analyze complex iEEG datasets by providing an intuitive and rapid approach that can handle both neuroanatomical information and large electrophysiological datasets. We provide a worked example using an example dataset. We also explain how to automate the protocol and adjust the settings to enable analysis of iEEG datasets with other characteristics. The protocol can be implemented by a graduate student or postdoctoral fellow with minimal MATLAB experience and takes approximately an hour to execute, excluding the automated cortical surface extraction.

This paper evaluates in a realistic context the local contributions of direct atmospheric forcing and intrinsic oceanic processes on interannual sea level anomalies (SLAs). A ¼° global ocean–sea ice general circulation model, driven over 47 yr by the full range of atmospheric time scales, is quantitatively assessed against altimetry and shown to reproduce most observed features of the interannual SLA variability from 1993 to 2004. Comparing this simulation with a second driven only by the climatological annual cycle reveals that the intrinsic part of the total interannual SLA variance exceeds 40% over half of the open-ocean area and exceeds 80% over one-fifth of it. This intrinsic contribution is particularly strong in eddy-active regions (more than 70%–80% in the Southern Ocean and western boundary current extensions) as predicted by idealized studies, as well as within the 20°–35° latitude bands. The atmosphere directly forces most of the interannual SLA variance at low latitudes and in most midlatitude eastern basins, in particular north of about 40°N in the Pacific. The interannual SLA variance is almost entirely due to intrinsic processes south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Indian Ocean sector, while half of this variance is forced by the atmosphere north of it. The same simulations were performed and analyzed at 2° resolution as well: switching to this laminar regime yields a comparable forced variability (large-scale distribution and magnitude) but almost suppresses the intrinsic variability. This likely explains why laminar ocean models largely underestimate the interannual SLA variance.

Mitochondrial protein import in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei is mediated by the atypical outer membrane translocase, ATOM. It consists of seven subunits including ATOM69, the import receptor for hydrophobic proteins. Ablation of ATOM69, but not of any other subunit, triggers a unique quality control pathway resulting in the proteasomal degradation of non-imported mitochondrial proteins. The process requires a protein of unknown function, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the ubiquitin-like protein (TbUbL1), which all are recruited to the mitochondrion upon ATOM69 depletion. TbUbL1 is a nuclear protein, a fraction of which is released to the cytosol upon triggering of the pathway. Nuclear release is essential as cytosolic TbUbL1 can bind mislocalised mitochondrial proteins and likely transfers them to the proteasome. Mitochondrial quality control has previously been studied in yeast and metazoans. Finding such a pathway in the highly diverged trypanosomes suggests such pathways are an obligate feature of all eukaryotes. Mitochondria import most of their proteins posttranslationally. Here, Dewar et al. characterize the mitochondrial quality control mechanism of Trypanosoma brucei . Through proteomics and functional studies, they show that only ablation of ATOM69, one of the seven subunits of its mitochondrial protein translocase, triggers a unique quality control pathway resulting in TbUbL1 release from the nucleus and subsequent proteasomal degradation of non-imported mitochondrial proteins.

Mitochondria cannot form de novo but require mechanisms allowing their inheritance to daughter cells. In contrast to most other eukaryotes Trypanosoma brucei has a single mitochondrion whose single-unit genome is physically connected to the flagellum. Here we identify a β-barrel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, termed tripartite attachment complex 40 (TAC40), that localizes to this connection. TAC40 is essential for mitochondrial DNA inheritance and belongs to the mitochondrial porin protein family. However, it is not specifically related to any of the three subclasses of mitochondrial porins represented by the metabolite transporter voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the protein translocator of the outer membrane 40 (TOM40), or the fungi-specific MDM10, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES). MDM10 and TAC40 mediate cellular architecture and participate in transmembrane complexes that are essential for mitochondrial DNA inheritance. In yeast MDM10, in the context of the ERMES, is postulated to connect the mitochondrial genomes to actin filaments, whereas in trypanosomes TAC40 mediates the linkage of the mitochondrial DNA to the basal body of the flagellum. However, TAC40 does not colocalize with trypanosomal orthologs of ERMES components and, unlike MDM10, it regulates neither mitochondrial morphology nor the assembly of the protein translocase. TAC40 therefore defines a novel subclass of mitochondrial porins that is distinct from VDAC, TOM40, and MDM10. However, whereas the architecture of the TAC40-containing complex in trypanosomes and the MDM10-containing ERMES in yeast is very different, both are organized around a β-barrel protein of the mitochondrial porin family that mediates a DNA–cytoskeleton linkage that is essential for mitochondrial DNA inheritance.

Background: Obesity has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with primary breast cancer (BC) regardless of the use of adjuvant systemic therapy. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 2,887 node-positive BC patients enrolled in the BIG 02-98 adjuvant study, a randomised phase III trial whose primary objective was to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) by adding docetaxel to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. In the current analysis, the effect of body mass index (BMI) on DFS and overall survival (OS) was assessed. BMI was obtained before the first cycle of chemotherapy. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². Results: In total, 547 (19%) patients were obese at baseline, while 2,340 (81%) patients were non-obese. Estimated 5-year OS was 87.5% for non-obese and 82.9% for obese patients (HR 1.34; P = 0.013). Estimated 5-years DFS was 75.9% for non-obese and 70.0% for obese patients (HR 1.20; P = 0.041). In a multivariate model, obesity remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS. Conclusions: In this study, obesity was associated with poorer outcome in node-positive BC patients. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, more research on improving the treatment of obese BC patients is needed.

Background: One of the purposes of an undergraduate programme in gerontology is to facilitate future professionals’ development of co-creation competences. A newly designed living lab serves as a powerful learning environment, where students and older adults can work together in creating age-friendly services and products. Aim: The aim of this study is to gain insight into the shared experiences of older adults and students in co-creating age-friendly services in an educational living lab. Methods: The living lab and subsequently the research was informed by appreciative inquiry. The study has a qualitative, explorative and multistage design, with a six-stage alternating process of data collection and analysis. Data were collected from six individual interviews (three older adults and three students) followed by two group interviews with two other older adults and four other students. Data analysis resulted in a shared story of working together in the living lab. Findings: The co-creation experiences of older adults and students are highlighted in a rich and meaningful narrative. A shared narrative has been constructed from both perspectives, older adults and students. There are three central themes: working together, our learning experiences and our best experience. This rich and meaningful narrative stresses the importance of building a relationship to foster co-creation and uncertainty as beneficial to equality and shared responsibility. Conclusion: Co-creation in an educational context is meaningful to older adults and students. Appreciative inquiry in both the research and practice of the living lab can facilitate relationship equality, which is highly valued by participants. Implications for practice: * A co-creation approach in a living lab results in experiences of equality for both students and older adults * Successful co-creation relies on investment in time and energy, and allowance of uncertainty * Older adults bring valuable skills and expertise into age-friendly service design, challenging ageist assumptions

A planar framework -- a graph together with a map of its vertices to the plane -- is flexible if it allows a continuous deformation preserving the distances between adjacent vertices. Extending a recent previous result, we prove that a connected graph with a countable vertex set can be realized as a flexible framework if and only if it has a so-called NAC-coloring. The tools developed to prove this result are then applied to frameworks where every 4-cycle is a parallelogram, and countably infinite graphs with \\(n\\)-fold rotational symmetry. With this, we determine a simple combinatorial characterization that determines whether the 1-skeleton of a Penrose rhombus tiling with a given set of braced rhombi will have a flexible motion, and also whether the motion will preserve 5-fold rotational symmetry.