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Non-magnetic materials without inversion symmetry typically exhibit strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC), enabling the well-known Rashba Edelstein effect where an external electrical current induces transverse spin polarisation. In this study, we demonstrate that electrically induced spin polarisation in non-magnetic materials, for example, electronic systems within quantum-well geometries, can significantly be influenced by the system’s point-group symmetries, such as C n and C nv . These symmetries allow various linear and higher-order momentum, k − varying SOC Hamiltonian. Specifically, we show that surfaces having C n point-group symmetry, which permits specific linear and cubic Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC terms, can lead to both orthogonal and non-orthogonal spin polarisations with respect to the applied field. In contrast, surfaces with C nv symmetry exhibit only transverse spin polarisation, regardless of the linear and cubic SOC terms. We further find contrasting spin polarisation for cubic-in- k SOC as compared to the linear-in- k SOC when energy is varied, for example, through doping. Additionally, we show that the surfaces with C n symmetry may exhibit persistent spin current, depending on the relative strength between different momentum-dependent SOC terms. Our finding emphasizes the significance of crystal symmetry in understanding and manipulating induced spin polarisation in noncentrosymmetric materials, especially in surface/interface systems.

This review analyzed the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic globally and in India and the measures to counter its effect using natural and innate immune booster molecules. The study focuses on two phases: the first focuses on the magnitude, and the second on the effect of antioxidants (natural compounds) on SARS-CoV-2. The magnitude of the prevalence, mortality, and comorbidities was acquired from the World Health Organization (WHO) report, media, a report from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), newspapers, and the National Centre of Disease Control (NCDC). Research articles from PubMed as well as other sites/journals and databases were accessed to gather literature on the effect of antioxidants. In the elderly and any chronic diseases, the declined level of antioxidant molecules enhanced the reactive oxygen species, which in turn deprived the immune system. Innate antioxidant proteins like sirtuin and sestrin play a vital role in enhancing immunity. Herbal products and holistic approaches can also be alternative solutions for everyday life to boost the immune system by improving the redox balance in COVID-19 attack. This review analyzed the counteractive effect of alternative therapy to boost the immune system against the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ayurveda provided many innovative solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to explore the phytochemical constituents in effective Ayurvedic formulations. The main aim of the work is to identify active phytoconstituents from five Ayurvedic formulations employed in treating COVID-19 patients in an Ayurvedic hospital. Pharmacoinformatics technologies were employed in this study. The chemoinformatics, 3D molecular structure building, and molecular docking of 967 compounds on eight different macromolecular viral targets associated with SARS-CoV-2 were carried out using GLIDE software. Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed. SwissADME web server was employed to determine the physicochemical, lipophilicity and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters. The molecular docking results indicate that quercetin-3-O-arabinoglucoside, quercetin-3,7-O-diglucoside, glycyrrhizin, calceolarioside B, mucic acid-2-gallate, protodioscin and indioside D are the phytochemicals which effectively bind to eight of the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus and these may be treated as new lead compounds for multi-target drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. MD simulations helped in identifying five leads out of seven chosen from docking analysis. Five Ayurvedic formulations were used to treat respiratory illnesses associated with COVID-19. Five phytoconstituents present in these formulations were identified as leads by employing pharmacoinformatics techniques.

The survival of modern medicine depends heavily on the effective prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, are threatened by antibacterial resistance. The increasing use of antibiotics and lack of stewardship have led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens, so the growing issue of resistance can be resolved by emphasizing chemically synthesized antibiotics. This study discovered SMJ-2, a synthetic indole derivative, is effective against all multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria. SMJ-2 has multiple targets of action, but the primary mechanism inhibits respiratory metabolism and membrane potential disruption. SMJ-2 was discovered to interfere with the mevalonate pathway, ultimately preventing the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate, a precursor to the antioxidant staphyloxanthin, eventually releasing reactive oxygen species, and leading phagocytic cells to destroy pathogens. Additionally, no discernible biochemical and histopathological alterations were found in the mouse acute toxicity model. This study emphasizes mechanistic insights into SMJ-2 as a potential antibacterial with an unusual method of action. Synthetic indole derivative kills gram-positive bacteria by quenching the respiratory metabolism pathway.

Arogyamrita Kwath (AMK) is a polyherbal decoction comprising ten medicinal plants, viz., Albizia lebbeck, Andrographis paniculata, Tinospora cordifolia, Adhatoda vasica, Solanum xanthocarpum, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia bellirica, Withania somnifera and Trachyspermum ammi. The plants of the AMK formulation are traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation and respiratory ailments, but no scientific evidence has been reported so far for this formulation. To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of AMK formulation in vitro and its fractions and to predict in silico anti-viral activity of identified potential phytoconstituents. The MTT cell cytotoxicity assay, nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay and cytokines assay were carried out at concentrations 100 and 200 μg/mL. The phytoconstituents were identified by UPLC-PDA and UPLC-HRMS analyses. For pharmacoinformatics study molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods were used. The study revealed that AMK significantly inhibited NO in comparison to dexamethasone (100 μg/mL) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. The three fractions, n-hexane, EtOAc and n-BuOH prepared from the AMK formulation were non-cytotoxic against RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells during MTT cytotoxicity assay and showed satisfactory results during cytokines assay. Ethyl acetate fraction contains active phytoconstituents in appreciable quantities. 16 phytoconstituents have been identified by UPLC-HRMS analysis in the formulation and four phytocompounds were quantified by UPLC-PDA. Molecular dynamics study helped in identifying two macromolecular targets (viral replicase and the membrane protein), which are relatively more important. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of AMK was evaluated and the claimed anti-viral property was re-confirmed by molecular modelling in this work. The results clearly established that AMK showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. •AMK formulation is a decoction used for the treatment of respiratory ailments.•Sixteen compounds were identified by UPLC-HRMS analysis in the AMK formulation.•AMK formulation significantly lowered NF-kB and TNF-α levels in concentration-dependent manner.•Quercetin and vasicine, present in AMK showed significant binding affinity against seven viral targets.•MD simulations revealed that viral replicase and membrane protein were found to be the preferred targets for AMK formulation.

Sensors that remotely track the displacement of a moving object have a wide range of applications from robotic control to motion capture. In this paper, we introduce a simple, small silicon integrated circuit sensor that tracks the angular displacement of an object tagged with a small light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED). This sensor uses a new angular transduction mechanism, differential diffusion of photoelectrons generated from the light spot cast by the light tag onto a Si anode, that is described by a simple physics model using pinhole optics and carrier diffusion. Because the light spot is formed by a pinhole aperture integrated on the sensor chip, no external focusing optics are needed, reducing system complexity, size, and weight. Prototype sensors based on this model were fabricated and their basic characteristics are presented. These sensors transduce angular displacement of an LED across orthogonal latitudinal and longitudinal arcs into normalized differential photocathode currents with signal linearly proportional to LED angular position across a ± 40° field-of-view. These sensors offer potential performance and ease-of-use benefits compared to existing displacement sensor technologies.

The ever growing consumption of data and its handling has resulted in huge server stations which cover prime land space and consume huge amounts of power at low voltages causing high inefficiency. This work attempts to evaluate the design of a GaN based high efficiency and high power density server PSU. A two-stage topology is considered where an active front end rectifier converts 208VAC 3-phase supply to 380VDC. An isolated DC-DC LLC converter employing a planar integrated matrix transformer steps down the 380VDC to 48VDC for further distribution in the server rack. The rectifier switches and the primary switches in the LLC are GaN MOSFETs. The analytical loss and volume model of the converter are derived and a multi-objective design optimization for reduction in loss and volume is performed. Hence, a suitable converter design parameter is selected and a prototype design is considered.

Non-magnetic materials without inversion symmetry typically exhibit strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC), enabling the well-known Rashba Edelstein effect where an external electrical current induces transverse spin polarisation. In this study, we demonstrate that electrically induced spin polarisation in non-magnetic materials, for example, electronic systems within quantum-well geometries, can significantly be influenced by the system's point-group symmetries, such as \\(C_n\\) and \\(C_{nv}\\). These symmetries allow various linear and higher-order momentum, \\(k-\\)varying SOC Hamiltonian. Specifically, we show that surfaces having \\(C_{n}\\) point-group symmetry, which permits specific linear and cubic Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC terms, can lead to both orthogonal and non-orthogonal spin polarisations with respect to the applied field. In contrast, surfaces with \\(C_{nv}\\) symmetry exhibit only transverse spin polarisation, regardless of the linear and cubic SOC terms. We further find contrasting spin polarisation for cubic-in-\\(k\\) SOC as compared to the linear-in-\\(k\\) SOC when energy is varied, for example, through doping. Additionally, we show that the surfaces with \\(C_{n}\\) symmetry may exhibit persistent spin current, depending on the relative strength between different momentum-dependent SOC terms. Our finding emphasizes the significance of crystal symmetry in understanding and manipulating induced spin polarisation in noncentrosymmetric materials, especially in surface/interface systems.

It is evident that an adaptation can be original or unoriginal but its presence is inarguable. Therefore this study does not make an attempt to see why a novel is adapted for cinematic projection, but tries to assess how effectively the adaptation is done. It is clear that the investigation is biased by both the eye and the eyepiece. R.K. Narayan adopts the individual as his reference and looks inward, affecting a microcosmic view of society and its problems. He showcases the idiosyncrasies of the characters and superimposes them on one another to come up with a layered structure of societal inconsistency and prejudice. On the other hand, Vijay Anand is inclined towards a top-down approach, treating issues and personalities first and then individuals and specific problems. For this purpose, this paper focuses on a famous work, ‘Guide’, by R. K. Narayan) and its adaptation for the movie Guide. It also examines how the film is different from its original source and how far a novel is adapted for cinematic projection, but tries to assess how the changes in the adaptation connote different insinuations and subtleties. It also explores how far the changes are independent of its original source and discusses the impact of these cinematic changes.

Various microbial communities reside in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and play an important role in immunity, digestion, drug metabolism, intestinal integrity, and protection from pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota (GM) is involved in communication with the brain, through a bidirectional communication network known as the gut-brain axis. This communication involves humoral, immunological, endocrine, and neural pathways. Gut dysbiosis negatively impacts these communication pathways, leading to neurological complications and cognitive deficits. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can restore healthy GM, reduce intestinal pH, and reduce inflammation and pathogenic microbes in the gut. Additionally, probiotics improve cell-to-cell signaling and increase blood-brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Probiotics emerge as a potential approach for preventing and managing neurological complications and cognitive deficits. Despite these promising findings, the safety concerns and possible risks of probiotic usage must be closely monitored and addressed. This review article provides a brief overview of the role and significance of probiotics in cognitive health.