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Key message Blue and yellow light affected metabolism and the morphology. Blue and red promote the DOXP/MEP pathway. ADS gene expression was increased in plants cultivated under blue, promoting artemisinin content. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are the most effective treatment for highly lethal malaria. Artemisinin is produced in small quantities in the glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua L. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of light quality in A. annua cultivated in vitro under different light qualities, considering anatomical and morphological changes, the volatile composition, artemisinin content and the expression of two key enzymes for artemisinin biosynthesis. Yellow light is related to the increase in the number of glandular trichomes and this seemed to positively affect the molecular diversity in A. annua . Yellow light-stimulated glandular trichome frequency without triggered area enhancement, whereas blue light stimulated both parameters. Blue light enhanced the thickness of the leaf epidermis. The B-promoting effect was due to increased cell size and not to increased cell numbers. Green and yellow light positively influenced the volatile diversity in the plantlets. Nevertheless, blue and red light seemed to promote the DOXP/MEP pathway, while red light stimulates MVA pathway. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase gene expression was significantly increased in plants cultivated under blue light, and not red light, promoting artemisinin content. Our results showed that light quality, more specifically blue and yellow light, positively affected secondary metabolism and the morphology of plantlets. It seemed that steps prior to the last one in the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway could be strongly influenced by blue light. Our work provides an alternative method to increase the amount of artemisinin production in A. annua without the use of transgenic plants, by the employment of blue light.

Soybean ( Glycine max ) is one of the major world commodities. In order to increase the soybean yields, it has been searched drought-tolerant cultivars, once the drought is the major constraint to soybean grown. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with drought tolerance. Here, the in silico approach allowed us to identify 12 genes belonging to six different transcription factor families in soybean that have been associated with key events on drought response. The expression pattern of each gene was investigated by qPCR in root samples of drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant cultivars undergoing drought stress in pot-based (PSys) and hydroponic (HSys) cultivation systems. GmaxMYC2- like 2 was induced under abrupt drought conditions in HSys in both cultivars, whereas GmaxAREB1- like 1 and GmaxDREB2A -like were highly induced only in the PSys. However, GmaxMYB2 -like 1, GmaxMYB2 -like 2, GmaxRD26 / NAC- like 1, GmaxRD26 / NAC -like 2, GmaxAREB1 -like 2, and GmaxDREB1A- like were upregulated in both systems, while the GmaxHB6- like and GmaxHB13 -like are repressed under all of the investigated conditions. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment was used to identify those genes belonging to the ABA-dependent drought response. The genes identified in this work have potential application for the improvement of drought resistance in soybean and markers for breeding programs.

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the major world commodities. In order to increase the soybean yields, it has been searched drought-tolerant cultivars, once the drought is the major constraint to soybean grown. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with drought tolerance. Here, the in silico approach allowed us to identify 12 genes belonging to six different transcription factor families in soybean that have been associated with key events on drought response. The expression pattern of each gene was investigated by qPCR in root samples of drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant cultivars undergoing drought stress in pot-based (PSys) and hydroponic (HSys) cultivation systems. GmaxMYC2-like 2 was induced under abrupt drought conditions in HSys in both cultivars, whereas GmaxAREB1-like 1 and GmaxDREB2A-like were highly induced only in the PSys. However, GmaxMYB2-like 1, GmaxMYB2-like 2, GmaxRD26/NAC-like 1, GmaxRD26/NAC-like 2, GmaxAREB1-like 2, and GmaxDREB1A-like were upregulated in both systems, while the GmaxHB6-like and GmaxHB13-like are repressed under all of the investigated conditions. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment was used to identify those genes belonging to the ABA-dependent drought response. The genes identified in this work have potential application for the improvement of drought resistance in soybean and markers for breeding programs.

This research investigates the effects of different lighting regimes (Constant and Gaussian) and spectral qualities (white, RBW, blue and red) on the growth, photosynthesis, and biomass accumulation of lentil microgreens (Lens culinaris) in VFS. The results demonstrate that constant lighting regimes, particularly under red, white, and RBW lights, significantly increase biomass production and energy efficiency.