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Nivolumab, recently proven in a phase 3 clinical trial (CheckMate 901) to enhance survival when combined with gemcitabine-cisplatin for advanced urothelial carcinoma. This study aimed to assess its cost-effectiveness against gemcitabine-cisplatin alone, from US and Chinese payers' perspectives. A partitioned survival model was established to assess the life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin versus gemcitabine-cisplatin alone as first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma. Univariate, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the model's robustness. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed. Nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin and gemcitabine-cisplatin achieved survival benefits of 4.238 life-years and 2.979 life-years for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma, respectively. Compared with gemcitabine-cisplatin, nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin resulted in ICERs of $116,856/QALY in the US and $51,997/QALY in China. The probabilities of achieving cost-effectiveness at the current willingness-to-pay thresholds were 77.5% in the US and 16.5% in China. Cost-effectiveness could be reached if the price of nivolumab were reduced to $920.87/100mg in China. Subgroup analyses indicated that the combination had the highest probability of cost-effectiveness in patients under 65 or with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance-status score of 0 in the US and China. Nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma results in longer life expectancy than gemcitabine-cisplatin, but is not cost-effective in China at current price. However, cost-effectiveness is likely to be achieved in most patient subgroups in the US.

The South China Sea (SCS) is abundant in marine microbial resources with high primary productivity, which is crucial for sustaining the coral reef ecosystem and the carbon cycle. Currently, research on the diversity of culturable bacteria in the SCS is relatively extensive, yet the culturable bacteria in coral reefs has been poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial community structure of seawater samples among Daya Bay (Fujian Province), Qionghai (Hainan Province), Xisha Islands, and the southern South China Sea based on culturable methods and detected their abilities for agar degradation. There were 441 bacterial strains, belonging to three phyla, five classes, 43 genera, and 101 species, which were isolated by marine agar 2216E (MA; Becton Dickinson). Strains within Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant group, accounting for 89.6% of the total bacterial isolates. To investigate vibrios, which usually correlated with coral health, 348 isolates were obtained from TCBS agar, and all isolates were identified into three phylum, three classes, 14 orders, 25 families, and 48 genera. Strains belonging to the genus Vibrio had the greatest number (294 strains), indicating the high selectivity of TCBS agar for vibrios. Furthermore, nineteen strains were identified as potentially novel species according to the low 16S rRNA gene similarity (<98.65%), and 28 strains (15 species) had agar-degrading ability. These results indicate a high diversity of culturable bacteria in the SCS and a huge possibility to find novel and agar-degrading species. Our study provides valuable microbial resources to maintain the stability of coral ecosystems and investigate their roles in the marine carbon cycle.

A Gram–staining–negative, facultative aerobic, motile strain, designated strain ZSDE20 T , was isolated from the surface seawater of Qingdao offshore. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain ZSDE20 T , affiliated it to the genus Photobacterium . It was closely related to Photobacterium lutimaris DF-42  T (98.92% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Growth occurred at 4-28ºC (optimum 28ºC), pH 1.0–7.0 (optimum 7.0) and in the presence of 1–7% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3%). The dominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω 7 c or/and C16:1 ω 6 c , 34.23%), summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω 7 c and C18:1 ω 6 c , 10.36%) and C16:0 (20.05%). The polar lipids of strain ZSDE20 T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown lipids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The DNA G + C content of strain ZSDE20 T was 45.6 mol%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between ZSDE20 T and its reference species were lower than the threshold for species delineation (95–96%); in silico DNA-DNA hybridization further showed that strain ZSDE20 T had less than 70% similarity to its relatives. Based on the polyphasic evidences, strain ZSDE20 T is proposed as representing a novel species of the genus Photobacterium , for which the name Photobacterium pectinilyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZSDE20 T (= MCCC 1K06283 T  = KCTC 82885  T ).

Thioridazine (THIO) is a phenothiazine derivative that is mainly used for the treatment of psychotic disorders. However, cardiac arrhythmias especially QT interval prolongation associated with the application of this compound have received serious attention after its introduction into clinical practice, and the mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity induced by THIO have not been well defined. The present study was aimed at exploring the long-term effects of THIO on the hERG and L-type calcium channels, both of which are relevant to the development of QT prolongation. The hERG current (IhERG) and the calcium current (ICa‐L) were measured by patch clamp techniques. Protein levels were analyzed by Western blot, and channel-chaperone interactions were determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrated that THIO induced hERG channel deficiency but did not alter channel kinetics. THIO promoted ROS production and stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the related proteins. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated hERG reduction induced by THIO and abolished the upregulation of ER stress marker proteins. Meanwhile, THIO increased the degradation of hERG channels via disrupting hERG-Hsp70 interactions. The disordered hERG proteins were degraded in proteasomes after ubiquitin modification. On the other hand, THIO increased ICa‐L density and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs). The specific CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 attenuated the intracellular Ca2+ overload, indicating that ROS-mediated CaMKII activation promoted calcium channel activation induced by THIO. Optical mapping analysis demonstrated the slowing effects of THIO on cardiac repolarization in mouse hearts. THIO significantly prolonged APD50 and APD90 and increased the incidence of early afterdepolarizations (EADs). In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), THIO also resulted in APD prolongation. In conclusion, dysfunction of hERG channel proteins and activation of L-type calcium channels via ROS production might be the ionic mechanisms for QT prolongation induced by THIO.

Advancements in organic electronics are propelling the development of new material systems, where organic materials stand out for their unique benefits, including tunability and cost‐effectiveness. Organic single crystals stand out for their ordered structure and reduced defects, enhancing the understanding of the relationship between structure and performance. Organic cocrystal engineering builds upon these foundations, exploring intermolecular interactions within multicomponent‐ordered crystalline materials to combine the inherent advantages of single‐component crystals. However, the path to realizing the full potential of organic cocrystals is fraught with challenges, including structural mismatches, unclear cocrystallization mechanisms, and unpredictable property alterations, which complicate the effective cocrystallization between different molecules. To deepen the understanding of this promising area, this review introduces the mechanism of organic cocrystal formation, the various stacking modes, and different growth techniques, and highlights the advancements in cocrystal engineering for multifunctional applications. The goal is to provide comprehensive guidelines for the cocrystal engineering of high‐performance molecular materials, thereby expanding the applications of organic cocrystals in the fields of optoelectronics, photothermal energy, and energy storage and conversion. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of organic cocrystal engineering, focusing on the mechanism of cocrystal formation, stacking modes, driving forces behind cocrystal synthesis, innovative growth techniques, and the multifunctional properties of organic cocrystals, which offers guidelines for engineering high‐performance molecular materials and expanding the applications of organic cocrystals in optoelectronic, photothermal, and energy storage and conversion fields.

The broadcast nature of wireless channels introduces significant security vulnerabilities in information transmission, particularly when the eavesdropper is close to the legitimate destination. In such scenarios, the eavesdropping channel often exhibits high spatial correlation with, or even superior quality to, the legitimate channel. This makes it challenging for traditional power optimization methods to effectively suppress the eavesdropping rate. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an optimization method for the secrecy capacity of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying based on the dynamic adjustment of the power allocation factor. By injecting artificial noise (AN) during signal forwarding and combining it with real-time channel state information, the power allocation factor can be dynamically adjusted to achieve precise jamming of the eavesdropping link. We consider a four-node communication model consisting of a source, a UAV, a legitimate destination, and a passive eavesdropper, and formulate a joint optimization problem to maximize the secrecy rate. Due to the non-convexity of the original problem, we introduce relaxation variables and apply successive convex approximation (SCA) to reformulate it into an equivalent convex optimization problem. An analytical solution for the power allocation factor is derived using the water-filling (WF) algorithm. Furthermore, an alternating iterative optimization algorithm with AN assistance is proposed to achieve global optimization of the system parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to traditional power optimization schemes, the proposed algorithm substantially suppresses the eavesdropping channel capacity while enhancing transmission efficiency, thereby significantly improving both secrecy performance and overall communication reliability.

Transition metal tellurides (TMTs) have been ideal materials for exploring exotic properties in condensed-matter physics, chemistry and materials science 1 – 3 . Although TMT nanosheets have been produced by top-down exfoliation, their scale is below the gram level and requires a long processing time, restricting their effective application from laboratory to market 4 – 8 . We report the fast and scalable synthesis of a wide variety of MTe 2 (M = Nb, Mo, W, Ta, Ti) nanosheets by the solid lithiation of bulk MTe 2 within 10 min and their subsequent hydrolysis within seconds. Using NbTe 2 as a representative, we produced more than a hundred grams (108 g) of NbTe 2 nanosheets with 3.2 nm mean thickness, 6.2 µm mean lateral size and a high yield (>80%). Several interesting quantum phenomena, such as quantum oscillations and giant magnetoresistance, were observed that are generally restricted to highly crystalline MTe 2 nanosheets. The TMT nanosheets also perform well as electrocatalysts for lithium–oxygen batteries and electrodes for microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Moreover, this synthesis method is efficient for preparing alloyed telluride, selenide and sulfide nanosheets. Our work opens new opportunities for the universal and scalable synthesis of TMT nanosheets for exploring new quantum phenomena, potential applications and commercialization. Fast and scalable synthesis of a variety of transition metal telluride nanosheets by solid lithiation and hydrolysis is demonstrated and several interesting quantum phenomena were observed, such as quantum oscillations and giant magnetoresistance.

With the rapid development of advanced technologies in the Internet of Things era, higher requirements are needed for next‐generation electronic devices. Fortunately, organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) provide an effective solution for electronic skin and flexible wearable devices due to their intrinsic features of mechanical flexibility, lightweight, simple fabrication process, and good biocompatibility. So far considerable efforts have been devoted to this research field. This article reviews recent advances in various promising and state‐of‐the‐art OTFTs as well as related integrated circuits with the main focuses on: (I) material categories of high‐mobility organic semiconductors for both individual transistors and integrated circuits; (II) effective device architectures and processing techniques for large‐area fabrication; (III) important performance metrics of organic integrated circuits and realization of digital and analog devices for future smart life; (IV) applicable analytical models and design flow to accelerate the circuit design. In addition, the emerging challenges of OTFT‐based integrated circuits, such as transistor uniformity and stability are also discussed, and the possible methods to solve these problems at both transistor and circuit levels are summarized. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) hold great potential for future smart life due to their intrinsic features of mechanical flexibility, lightweight, simple fabrication process, and good biocompatibility. This article reviews recent advances in various promising and state‐of‐the‐art OTFTs as well as related integrated circuits with the main focus on high‐performance material categories, device architectures and processing techniques, digital and analog devices, and analytical models and design flow. Additionally, the emerging challenges of OTFT‐based integrated circuits and possible solutions are also discussed.

This study investigates the vibrational and acoustic properties of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.), two common musical instrument woods, at moisture contents of 2%, 7%, and 12%. The specimens with dimensions of 400mm (longitudinal) × 25 mm (radial) × 10 mm (tangential) were tested under cantilever beam conditions using non-contact magnetic field excitation to generate sinusoidal and pulse signals. Vibration data were collected via acceleration sensors and FFT analyzers. The test method was based on ASTM D6874-12 standard. Results indicate that increasing moisture content reduces acoustic vibration characteristics, with hardwoods exhibiting higher declines than softwoods. From 2% to 12% moisture content, the first-order sound radiation quality factor of Sitka spruce and Indian rosewood decreased by 15.41% and 15.57%, respectively, while the sound conversion rate declined by 41.91% and 43.21%. Increased moisture content lowers first-order and second-order resonance frequencies, amplitude ratios, dynamic elastic modulus, vibration propagation velocity, acoustic radiation quality factor, and acoustic conversion efficiency, while increasing acoustic impedance and the loss factor. With excitation frequency increases from 100 Hz to 1500 Hz, vibration propagation velocity rises slightly, while the loss factor declines.

Wood dust produced in medium-density fiberboard (MDF) processing is a major occupational hazard in wood industry and may damage processing equipment. In many wood processing factories, dust collecting systems need to be optimized for the distributional and morphological characteristics of dust in the workshop so that economical and efficient dust control can be achieved. In this study, weighting, image analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to explore the effects of different cutting speeds on the distribution and morphology of dust generated in MDF milling. The results showed that most dust particles were less than 100 μm and that the aspect ratios (AR) were between 0.6 and 0.7. There was significant difference in particle number size distribution (PNSD) between the dust at different sampling positions. Less amount of dust was located close to cutting center, and fine dust was more likely to appear far away from cutting center. Cutting speed was associated with PNSD, but had little effect on AR. The findings provide spatial distribution characteristics of MDF dust during milling, which can be helpful for optimizing cutting parameters and locating dust collecting hoods to minimize dust exposure.