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Sporting societies around the world are being impacted by a variety of contemporary climatic challenges. The sport management literature indicates that these impacts have disrupted sport. Some adaptations have been implemented, but a comprehensive planning framework is absent from the literature. Learning from other industries, thus, was considered, and an examination of the literature from the water and forestry industries was conducted. The examination resulted in the discovery of six key themes offering insights or practical lessons to guide sport organizations in their efforts to organize for adapting to climatic impacts.

This study examines adaptations being completed by those maintaining municipal grass-based sports fields during times of climate change. A total of sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted from May to July 2016. A semi-structured interview guide was utilized. The questions aimed to determine the awareness and impact of changing weather conditions or the problem of climate change, including the priority of the problem, and weather information sources. As well, the questions sought understandings on the strategies for adapting/mitigating for the issue of climate change. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Content analysis of the data was utilized, and, specifically, all data were analyzed and categorized by topics, key themes, and/or central questions offered for interpretation. The interview participant selection involved purposeful sampling. The participants held a variety of key employment positions that included directors, senior managers, managers, and key maintenance personnel of departments such as Parks and Recreation, Open Spaces, Parks Operations, Community Facilities, Program Standards, and Parks Maintenance. Each participant was provided a code name, including Participant–1 (P–1) to Participant–16 (P–16). The participants were from the area known as the Golden Horseshoe region, ranging from Niagara Falls to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Municipal workers are making adaptations to maintain grass-based sports fields due to changing weather conditions that could be related to climate change. These impacts involved two key areas: seasons that were not normal as well as new pests and disease. The participants outlined their adaptations, which involved five key sport field maintenance themes. Importantly, a central question was raised as a debate topic for establishing the future directions for grass-based sports fields in times of climate change.

Henrich et al.'s nice cross-cultural experiments would benefit from models that specify the decision rules that humans use and the specific developmental pathways that allow cooperative norms to be internalized. Such models could help researchers to design further experiments to examine human social adaptations. We must also test whether the “same” experiments measure similar constructs in each culture, using additional methods and measures.

Elucidating the wiring diagram of the human cell is a central goal of the post-genomic era. We combined genome engineering, confocal live-cell imaging, mass spectrometry and data science to systematically map the localization and interactions of human proteins. Our approach provides a data-driven description of the molecular and spatial networks that organize the proteome. Unsupervised clustering of these networks delineates functional communities that facilitate biological discovery, and uncovers that RNA-binding proteins form a specific sub-group defined by unique interaction and localization properties. Furthermore, we discover that remarkably precise functional information can be derived from protein localization patterns, which often contain enough information to identify molecular interactions. Paired with a fully interactive website (opencell.czbiohub.org), we provide a resource for the quantitative cartography of human cellular organization. Competing Interest Statement J.S.W. declares outside interest in Chroma Therapeutics, KSQ Therapeutics, Maze Therapeutics, Amgen, Tessera Therapeutics and 5 AM Ventures. M. M. is an indirect shareholder in EvoSep Biosystems. Footnotes * https://opencell.czbiohub.org/

I wrote to The Globe last winter (Downloading Tunes -- Feb. 1) after your first article about Internet music trading. In that article, you didn't mention Napster, but my university friends were already using it.

The process is even easier than your article describes. Programs exist that allow you to search for songs on other people's computers, so that, essentially, anyone can get anyone else's songs at any time.

Background: Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has enabled the rapid, unbiased detection and identification of microbes without pathogen-specific reagents, culturing, or a priori knowledge of the microbial landscape. mNGS data analysis requires a series of computationally intensive processing steps to accurately determine the microbial composition of a sample. Existing mNGS data analysis tools typically require bioinformatics expertise and access to local server-class hardware resources. For many research laboratories, this presents an obstacle, especially in resource limited environments. Findings: We present IDseq, an open source cloud-based metagenomics pipeline and service for global pathogen detection and monitoring (https://idseq.net). The IDseq Portal accepts raw mNGS data, performs host and quality filtration steps, then executes an assembly-based alignment pipeline which results in the assignment of reads and contigs to taxonomic categories. The taxonomic relative abundances are reported and visualized in an easy-to-use web application to facilitate data interpretation and hypothesis generation. Furthermore, IDseq supports environmental background model generation and automatic internal spike-in control recognition, providing statistics which are critical for data interpretation. IDseq was designed with the specific intent of detecting novel pathogens. Here, we benchmark novel virus detection capability using both synthetically evolved viral sequences, and real-world samples, including IDseq analysis of a nasopharyngeal swab sample acquired and processed locally in Cambodia from a tourist from Wuhan, China, infected with the recently emergent SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: The IDseq Portal reduces the barrier to entry for mNGS data analysis and enables bench scientists, clinicians, and bioinformaticians to gain insight from mNGS datasets for both known and novel pathogens. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Footnotes * Updated reference to InSilicoSeq.

I wish I could believe in what I was doing, but I find it really hard. What is school supposed to do for me exactly? Teach me the \"essentials?\" I can tell you the derivative of x3+7, but I can't tell you how to cook a bowl of rice. Help me get a job? I got my job partly because of good grades, but I don't feel they helped me at all for the actual work. Develop social skills? Sure, my social skills have improved, but not because of anything that came out of a course curriculum. So what does school really do? I don't know. Recently in my chemistry class, when the teacher announced that we would be doing a lab that day, a student asked why we needed to do labs when he could just teach us the lesson in five minutes. I answered before the teacher had a chance to. \"So we can see what we've been learning with our own eyes,\" I said. The teacher nodded approvingly, but my reply sounded hollow to me. Most of these students couldn't care less about chemistry, whether they saw it with their own eyes or read it on the blackboard. They just wanted to learn enough to pass the test. Photo: Sean White, Times Colonist / [Greg Dingle] will finish his stint at Stelly's secondary school this month. ;

We present airborne measurements made during the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ) project to investigate the impacts of the Denver Cyclone on regional air quality in the greater Denver area. Data on trace gases, non-refractory submicron aerosol chemical constituents, and aerosol optical extinction (βext) at λ  =  632 nm were evaluated in the presence and absence of the surface mesoscale circulation in three distinct study regions of the Front Range: In-Flow, Northern Front Range, and the Denver metropolitan area. Pronounced increases in mass concentrations of organics, nitrate, and sulfate in the Northern Front Range and the Denver metropolitan area were observed during the cyclone episodes (27–28 July) compared to the non-cyclonic days (26 July, 2–3 August). Organic aerosols dominated the mass concentrations on all evaluated days, with a 45 % increase in organics on cyclone days across all three regions, while the increase during the cyclone episode was up to  ∼  80 % over the Denver metropolitan area. In the most aged air masses (NOx / NOy  <  0.5), background organic aerosols over the Denver metropolitan area increased by a factor of ∼  2.5 due to transport from Northern Front Range. Furthermore, enhanced partitioning of nitric acid to the aerosol phase was observed during the cyclone episodes, mainly due to increased abundance of gas phase ammonia. During the non-cyclone events, βext displayed strong correlations (r  =  0.71) with organic and nitrate in the Northern Front Range and only with organics (r  =  0.70) in the Denver metropolitan area, while correlation of βext during the cyclone was strongest (r  =  0.86) with nitrate over Denver. Mass extinction efficiency (MEE) values in the Denver metropolitan area were similar on cyclone and non-cyclone days despite the dominant influence of different aerosol species on βext. Our analysis showed that the meteorological patterns associated with the Denver Cyclone increased aerosol mass loadings in the Denver metropolitan area mainly by transporting aerosols and/or aerosol precursors from the northern regions, leading to impaired visibility and air quality deterioration.

The evolution of organic aerosols (OAs) and their precursors in the boundary layer (BL) of the Colorado Front Range during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ, July–August 2014) was analyzed by in situ measurements and chemical transport modeling. Measurements indicated significant production of secondary OA (SOA), with enhancement ratio of OA with respect to carbon monoxide (CO) reaching 0.085±0.003 µg m−3 ppbv−1. At background mixing ratios of CO, up to  ∼  1.8 µg m−3 background OA was observed, suggesting significant non-combustion contribution to OA in the Front Range. The mean concentration of OA in plumes with a high influence of oil and natural gas (O&G) emissions was  ∼  40 % higher than in urban-influenced plumes. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) confirmed a dominant contribution of secondary, oxygenated OA (OOA) in the boundary layer instead of fresh, hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA). Combinations of primary OA (POA) volatility assumptions, aging of semi-volatile species, and different emission estimates from the O&G sector were used in the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulation scenarios. The assumption of semi-volatile POA resulted in greater than a factor of 10 lower POA concentrations compared to PMF-resolved HOA. Including top-down modified O&G emissions resulted in substantially better agreements in modeled ethane, toluene, hydroxyl radical, and ozone compared to measurements in the high-O&G-influenced plumes. By including emissions from the O&G sector using the top-down approach, it was estimated that the O&G sector contributed to  <  5 % of total OA, but up to 38 % of anthropogenic SOA (aSOA) in the region. The best agreement between the measured and simulated median OA was achieved by limiting the extent of biogenic hydrocarbon aging and consequently biogenic SOA (bSOA) production. Despite a lower production of bSOA in this scenario, contribution of bSOA to total SOA remained high at 40–54 %. Future studies aiming at a better emissions characterization of POA and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) from the O&G sector are valuable.