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To investigate factors associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Viet Nam. We did a multicentre prospective observational study of people (> 18 years) presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (not caused by trauma) to three tertiary hospitals in Viet Nam from February 2014 to December 2018. We collected data on characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and compared these data by type of transportation to hospital and survival to hospital admission. We assessed factors associated with survival to admission to and discharge from hospital using logistic regression analysis. Of 590 eligible people with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 440 (74.6%) were male and the mean age was 56.1 years (standard deviation: 17.2). Only 24.2% (143/590) of these people survived to hospital admission and 14.1% (83/590) survived to hospital discharge. Most cardiac arrests (67.8%; 400/590) occurred at home, 79.4% (444/559) were witnessed by bystanders and 22.3% (124/555) were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander. Only 8.6% (51/590) of the people were taken to hospital by the emergency medical services and 32.2% (49/152) received pre-hospital defibrillation. Pre-hospital defibrillation (odds ratio, OR: 3.90; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54-9.90) and return of spontaneous circulation in the emergency department (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.03-8.12) were associated with survival to hospital admission. Hypothermia therapy during post-resuscitation care was associated with survival to discharge (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 2.33-12.74). Improvements are needed in the emergency medical services in Viet Nam such as increasing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and public access defibrillation, and improving ambulance and post-resuscitation care.

Objective To investigate factors associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Viet Nam. Methods We did a multicentre prospective observational study of people (> 18 years) presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (not caused by trauma) to three tertiary hospitals in Viet Nam from February 2014 to December 2018. We collected data on characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and compared these data by type of transportation to hospital and survival to hospital admission. We assessed factors associated with survival to admission to and discharge from hospital using logistic regression analysis. Findings Of 590 eligible people with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 440 (74.6%) were male and the mean age was 56.1 years (standard deviation: 17.2). Only 24.2% (143/590) of these people survived to hospital admission and 14.1% (83/590) survived to hospital discharge. Most cardiac arrests (67.8%; 400/590) occurred at home, 79.4% (444/559) were witnessed by bystanders and 22.3% (124/555) were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander. Only 8.6% (51/590) of the people were taken to hospital by the emergency medical services and 32.2% (49/152) received pre-hospital defibrillation. Pre-hospital defibrillation (odds ratio, OR: 3.90; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54-9.90) and return of spontaneous circulation in the emergency department (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.03-8.12) were associated with survival to hospital admission. Hypothermia therapy during post-resuscitation care was associated with survival to discharge (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 2.33-12.74). Conclusion Improvements are needed in the emergency medical services in Viet Nam such as increasing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and public access defibrillation, and improving ambulance and post-resuscitation care. Objectif Examiner les facteurs associes a la survie apres un arret cardiaque hors hopital au Viet Nam. Methodes Nous avons mene une etude d'observation prospective multicentrique sur des personnes (> 18 ans) ayant subi un arret cardiaque hors hopital (non traumatique) et admis dans trois hopitaux tertiaires au Viet Nam entre fevrier 2014 et decembre 2018. Nous avons recolte des donnees sur les caracteristiques, la gestion et l'issue de ces patients, puis les avons compares en fonction du moyen de transport vers l'hopital et de la survie apres leur admission. Enfin, nous avons mesure des facteurs associes a la survie lors de l'admission et de la sortie de l'etablissement a l'aide d'une analyse de regression logistique. Resultats Sur les 590 patients eligibles ayant subi un arret cardiaque hors hopital, 440 (74,6%) etaient des hommes et l'age moyen s'elevait a 56,1 ans (ecart type: 17.2). Seulement 24,2% (143/590) d'entre eux ont survecu a leur admission a l'hopital, et 14,1% (83/590) a leur sortie. La plupart des arrets cardiaques (67,8%; 400/590) ont eu lieu a domicile, 79,4% (444/559) se sont deroules en presence de passants et 22,3% (124/555) ont fait l'objet d'une reanimation cardiopulmonaire pratiquee par un temoin. A peine 8,6% (51/590) des patients ont ete emmenes a l'hopital par les services medicaux d'urgence, et 32,2% (49/152) ont recu une defibrillation avant d'arriver a l'hopital. La defibrillation prehospitaliere (odds ratio, OR: 3,90; intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 1,54-9,90) et le retablissement d'une circulation spontanee aux urgences (OR: 2,89; IC de 95%: 1,03-8,12) allaient de pair avec la survie apres admission. Lhypothermie therapeutique administree durant les soins post-reanimation etait liee a un meilleur taux de survie au moment de la sortie (OR: 5,44; IC de 95%: 2,33-12,74). Conclusion Des amenagements sont requis en matiere de services medicaux d'urgence au Viet Nam, notamment pour encourager la pratique de la reanimation cardiopulmonaire aupres de la population, garantir l'acces a des defibrillateurs publics, mais aussi ameliorer les soins en ambulance et en post-reanimation. Objetivo Investigar los factores relacionados con la supervivencia despues de un paro cardiaco extrahospitalario en Vietnam. Metodos Se realizo un estudio observacional prospectivo multicentrico de personas (>18 anos) que sufrieron un paro cardiaco extrahospitalario (no causado por traumatismo) en tres hospitales terciarios de Vietnam entre febrero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Se recopilaron los datos sobre las caracteristicas, el tratamiento y los resultados de los pacientes con paro cardiaco extrahospitalario y se compararon segun el tipo de transporte hasta el hospital y la supervivencia hasta el ingreso en el hospital. Se evaluaron los factores de supervivencia hasta el ingreso y el alta hospitalaria mediante un analisis de regresion logistica. Resultados De las 590 personas que cumplian los requisitos y sufrieron un paro cardiaco extrahospitalario, 440 (74,6 %) eran hombres, cuya edad media era de 56,1 anos (desviacion estandar: 17,2). Solo el 24,2 % (143/590) de estas personas sobrevivieron al ingreso en el hospital y el 14,1 % (83/590) sobrevivieron al alta hospitalaria. La mayoria de los paros cardiacos (67,8 %; 400/590) ocurrieron en el hogar, el 79,4 % (444/559) fueron presenciados por transeuntes y el 22,3 % (124/555) recibieron reanimacion cardiopulmonar por un transeunte. Solo el 8,6 % (51/590) de las personas fueron trasladadas al hospital por los servicios medicos de emergencia y el 32,2 % (49/152) recibieron desfibrilacion prehospitalaria. La desfibrilacion prehospitalaria (oportunidad relativa, OR: 3,90; intervalo de confianza del 95 %, IC: 1,54-9,90) y la recuperacion de la circulacion espontanea en el servicio de urgencias (OR: 2,89; IC del 95 %: 1,03-8,12) se asociaron a la supervivencia hasta el ingreso hospitalario. La hipotermia terapeutica durante la atencion posterior a la reanimacion se asocio a la supervivencia hasta el alta (OR: 5,44; IC del 95 %: 2,33-12,74). Conclusion Se necesitan mejoras en los servicios medicos de emergencia de Vietnam, como el aumento de las intervenciones de reanimacion cardiopulmonar para transeuntes y de desfibrilacion de acceso publico, asi como el mejoramiento de la atencion en las ambulancias y de los cuidados posteriores a la reanimacion. [phrase omitted]

The objective of this study was to estimate mean blood pressure (BP), prevalence of hypertension (defined as BP ⩾140/90 mm Hg) and its awareness, treatment and control in the Vietnamese adult population. This cross-sectional survey took place in eight Vietnamese provinces and cities. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 9832 participants from the general population aged 25 years and over. Trained observers obtained two or three BP measurements from each person, using an automatic sphygmomanometer. Information on socio-geographical factors and anti-hypertensive medications was obtained using a standard questionnaire. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.1%, 28.3% in men and 23.1% in women. Among hypertensives, 48.4% were aware of their elevated BP, 29.6% had treatment and 10.7% achieved targeted BP control (<140/90 mm Hg). Among hypertensive aware, 61.1% had treatment, and among hypertensive treated, 36.3% had well control. Hypertension increased with age in both men and women. The hypertension was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas (32.7 vs 17.3%, P <0.001). Hypertension is a major and increasing public health problem in Vietnam. Prevalence among adults is high, whereas the proportions of hypertensives aware, treated and controlled were unacceptably low. These results imply an urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention and control of hypertension in Vietnam.

This paper investigates the performance of hybrid radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) systems combined with non-orthogonal multiple access communications technology. We examine a scenario where the source and destination are separated by a large distance, with no direct link between them. The relay, denoted R, operates using the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. Under the DF relaying scheme, the relay employs successive interference cancellation (SIC). In this setup, the FSO link from the source to the relay follows a Gamma-Gamma distribution, while the RF link from the relay to multiple users follow a Nakagami- m distribution. Based on this system model, we analyze the outage probability (OP). Our findings indicate a direct relationship between SIC and OP performance: the higher the SIC capability, the more effective the system. In addition, the system’s performance is dependent on the parameters of the FSO channel. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to further validate our framework and findings.

Background Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) in the thyroid gland is a rare disease with generally a favorable prognosis. Treatment with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy has been shown to improve local control and long-term survival rates. In this report, we present a case of a recurrent thyroid gland CASTLE and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Case presentation A 60-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with a CASTLE thyroid tumor in 2015, had a total thyroidectomy and was maintained on thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine). After 5 years, the patient had a recurrence, in an advanced stage unsuitable for surgery. As the patient declined to undergo radiotherapy, she was followed up without intervention and is currently stable after 15 months. Conclusions CASTLE is a rare disease, diagnosed based on postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry analysis, especially upon CD5 marker. In case of relapse, treatment options include surgery and radiotherapy; however conservative management without intervention is an acceptable alternative in some cases.

X-ray free-electron lasers have, over the past decade, opened up the possibility of understanding the ultrafast response of matter to intense X-ray pulses. In earlier research on atoms and small molecules, new aspects of this response were uncovered, such as rapid sequences of inner-shell photoionization and Auger ionization. Here, we studied a larger molecule, buckminsterfullerene (C60), exposed to 640 eV X-rays, and examined the role of chemical effects, such as chemical bonds and charge transfer, on the fragmentation following multiple ionization of the molecule. To provide time resolution, we performed femtosecond-resolved X-ray pump/X-ray probe measurements, which were accompanied by advanced simulations. The simulations and experiment reveal that despite substantial ionization induced by the ultrashort (20 fs) X-ray pump pulse, the fragmentation of C60 is considerably delayed. This work uncovers the persistence of the molecular structure of C60, which hinders fragmentation over a timescale of hundreds of femtoseconds. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a substantial fraction of the ejected fragments are neutral carbon atoms. These findings provide insights into X-ray free-electron laser-induced radiation damage in large molecules, including biomolecules.

is a commensal bacteria species that can cause various illnesses, from mild skin infections to severe diseases, such as bacteremia. The distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of varies by population, time, geographic location, and hospital wards. In this study, we elucidated the epidemiology and AMR patterns of isolated from a general hospital in Vietnam. This was a cross-sectional study. Data on all infections from 2014 to 2021 were collected from the Microbiology department of Military Hospital 103, Vietnam. Only the first isolation from each kind of specimen from a particular patient was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage and chi-square tests. A total of 1130 individuals were diagnosed as infection. Among them, 1087 strains were tested for AMR features. Most patients with infection were in the age group of 41-65 years (39.82%). isolates were predominant in the surgery wards, and pus specimens were the most common source of isolates (50.62%). was most resistant to azithromycin (82.28%), erythromycin (82.82%), and clindamycin (82.32%) and least resistant to teicoplanin (0.0%), tigecycline (0.16%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (0.43%), linezolid (0.62%), and vancomycin (2.92%). Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) were prevalent, accounting for 73.02% and 60.90% of the total strains respectively, and the strains isolated from the intensive care unit (ICU) had the highest percentage of multidrug resistance (77.78%) among the wards. These findings highlight the urgent need for continuous AMR surveillance and updated treatment guidelines, particularly considering high resistance in MRSA, MDR strains, and ICU isolates. Future research focusing on specific resistant populations and potential intervention strategies is crucial to combat this rising threat.

Background: The problems of adherence to energy restriction in humans are well known. Objective: To compare the feasibility and effectiveness of intermittent continuous energy (IER) with continuous energy restriction (CER) for weight loss, insulin sensitivity and other metabolic disease risk markers. Design: Randomized comparison of a 25% energy restriction as IER (approximately 2710 kJ/day for 2 days/week) or CER (approximately 6276 kJ/day for 7 days/week) in 107 overweight or obese (mean (+/-s.d.) body mass index 30.6 (+/-5.1) kg m-2) premenopausal women observed over a period of 6 months. Weight, anthropometry, biomarkers for breast cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dementia risk; insulin resistance (HOMA), oxidative stress markers, leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding proteins 1 and 2, androgens, prolactin, inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C-reactive protein and sialic acid), lipids, blood pressure and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were assessed at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Results: Last observation carried forward analysis showed that IER and CER are equally effective for weight loss: mean (95% confidence interval ) weight change for IER was -6.4 (-7.9 to -4.8) kg vs -5.6 (-6.9 to -4.4) kg for CER (P-value for difference between groups=0.4). Both groups experienced comparable reductions in leptin, free androgen index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and increases in sex hormone binding globulin, IGF binding proteins 1 and 2. Reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance were modest in both groups, but greater with IER than with CER; difference between groups for fasting insulin was -1.2 (-1.4 to -1.0) micromoll-1 and for insulin resistance was -1.2 (-1.5 to -1.0) micromol-1 l-1 (both P=0.04). Conclusion: IER is as effective as CER with regard to weight loss, insulin sensitivity and other health biomarkers, and may be offered as an alternative equivalent to CER for weight loss and reducing disease risk.

Among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is highly diverse showing a broad phenotypic spectrum. ASD also couples with a broad range of mutations, both de novo and inherited. In this study, we used a proprietary SNP genotyping chip to analyze the genomic DNA of 250 Vietnamese children diagnosed with ASD. Our Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping chip directly targets more than 800 thousand SNPs in the genome. Our primary focus was to identify pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations that are potentially linked to more severe symptoms of autism. We identified and validated 23 pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in this initial study. The data shows that these mutations were detected in several cases spanning multiple biological pathways. Among the confirmed SNPs, mutations were identified in genes previously known to be strongly associated with ASD such as SLCO1B1, ACADSB, TCF4, HCP5, MOCOS, SRD5A2, MCCC2, DCC , and PRKN while several other mutations are known to associate with autistic traits or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Some mutations were found in multiple patients and some patients carried multiple pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations. These findings contribute to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic solutions in what is considered a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.

This work has used thermal decomposition and high-energy grinding to fabricate ZnO nanoparticles. The grinding time (tm) for up to 120 min reduced the average crystallite size (d) from 97 nm of the initial material to ~ 28 nm. Apart from Zn and O, no impurity related to the grinding was found in the fabricated nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering data showed a single phase of the fabricated samples, crystallizing in the wurtzite hexagonal structure. With decreasing d, the lattice parameters gradually increased while more Zn- and O-related defects and structural distortions were created in the ZnO host lattice, which enhanced the lattice strain. These phenomena rapidly reduced excitonic emissions, enhanced the relative intensity of visible photoluminescence, widened asymmetrically and red-shifted the Raman modes, and stimulated vibration modes at wavenumbers of 500~620 cm−1. Using the spatial correlation model, the spatial correlation length characteristic for structural disorders decreased as d reduced. In particular, the study of the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B under UV-light proved that lattice defects generated by the grinding reduced the degradation efficiency.