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Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has spurred increasing anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States, which might be detrimental to the psychological well-being of Asian people living in the United States. Objective: We studied three discrimination-related variables, including (1) experience of discrimination, (2) worry about discrimination, and (3) racism-related social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic among Asians in the United States. We examined how these three variables were related to depression, and how the association between racism-related social media use and depression was moderated by personal experience of and worry about racial discrimination. Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 209 people (mean age 33.69, SD 11.31 years; 96/209, 45.93% female) who identified themselves as Asian and resided in the United States were included in the study. Results: Experience of discrimination (β=.33, P=.001) and racism-related social media use (β=.14, P=.045) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Worry about discrimination (β=.13, P=.14) was not associated with depression. Worry about discrimination moderated the relationship between racism-related social media use and depression (β=–.25, P=.003) such that a positive relationship was observed among those who had low and medium levels of worry. Conclusions: The present study provided preliminary evidence that experience of discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic was a risk factor of depressive symptoms among Asian people in the United States. Meanwhile, racism-related social media use was found to be negatively associated with the well-being of US Asians, and the relationship between social media use and depression was significantly moderated by worry about discrimination. It is critical to develop accessible programs to help US Asians cope with racial discrimination both in real lives and on social media during this unprecedented health crisis, especially among those who have not been mentally prepared for such challenges.

Aims This study aimed to evaluate the related research on artificial intelligence (AI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through bibliometrics analysis and identified the research basis, current hotspots, and future development. Methods The related literature was acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 31 December 2024. Co-occurrence and cooperation relationship analysis of (cited) authors, institutions, countries, cited journals, references, and keywords in the literature were carried out through CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software and the Online Analysis platform of Literature Metrology. Meanwhile, relevant knowledge maps were drawn, and keywords clustering analysis was performed. Results According to WoSCC, 1919 authors, 790 research institutions, 184 journals, and 49 countries/regions published 176 AI-related papers in IBD during 1999–2024. The number of papers published has increased significantly since 2019, reaching a maximum by 2023. The United States had the highest number of publications and the closest collaboration with other countries. The clustering analysis showed that the earliest studies focused on “psychometric value” and then moved to “deep learning model,” “intestinal ultrasound,” and “new diagnostic strategies.” Conclusion This study is the first bibliometric analysis to summarize the current status and to visually reveal the development trends and future research hotspots of the application of AI in IBD. The application of AI in IBD is still in its infancy, and the focus of this field will shift to improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment through deep learning techniques, big data-based treatment, and prognosis prediction.

This paper is devoted to discussing the blow-up problem of the positive solution of the following degenerate parabolic equations: Here , the spatial region is bounded, and its boundary is smooth. We give the conditions that cause the positive solution of this degenerate parabolic problem to blow up. At the same time, for the positive blow-up solution of this problem, we also obtain an upper bound of the blow-up time and an upper estimate of the blow-up rate. We mainly carry out our research by means of maximum principles and first-order differential inequality technique.

Background: At present, there is a need for more substantial real-world evidence on the factors influencing the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in HIV/TB co-infected patients. Objectives: This retrospective study aims to identify factors affecting TB treatment effectiveness in HIV/TB co-infected patients. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: We included 461 HIV/TB co-infected patients, deriving 742 samples based on each initial positive TB test period. A total of 7788 valid treatment records corresponding to 17 TB drug compositions and 150 clinical indicators (each > 100 records) were used for analysis. Data mining techniques were employed, including consensus clustering, Fisher’s exact test, stratified analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and three modeling approaches (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest). Results: The TB treatment effectiveness of CD4+ T cell count ⩽ 42 is significantly lower than that of the sample group > 42 (aOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.15–2.74, p = 0.010). The TB treatment effectiveness of the “rifabutin and levofloxacin alone or in combination” group is significantly higher than that of the “other first- and second-line anti-TB drugs in combination” group (aOR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.64, p = 0.022). Significant differences exist in factors between TB treatment effective and ineffective groups, including age (aOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.10–4.20, p = 0.027), pre-treatment high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (aOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.89, p = 0.022), pre-treatment CD8+ T cell count (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.90, p = 0.019), pre-treatment neutrophil percentage (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.96, p = 0.030), rifabutin (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.09–2.32, p = 0.016), and cycloserine (aOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.03–0.77, p = 0.041). The best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the test set under three modeling methods is 0.560–0.763. Rate of lymphocyte percentage recovering to normal is significantly higher in the TB treatment-effective group than in the treatment-ineffective group (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.09–3.10, p = 0.022). Conclusion: CD4+ T cell count of 42/μL assists TB treatment effectiveness evaluation. Rifabutin and levofloxacin show more therapeutic benefits. Lymphocyte percentage can serve as an effective TB therapeutic and diagnostic target. Age, pre-treatment factors (HDL cholesterol, CD8+ T cell count, and neutrophil percentage), rifabutin, and cycloserine are significantly associated with TB treatment effectiveness. Factors affecting TB treatment effectiveness for HIV/TB co-infected patients need more evidence. Plain language summary What is the relationship between the TB treatment effectiveness of HIV/TB co-infected patients and the therapeutic regimens or the routine physical examination results? Our study focused on analyzing this relationship based on the data from 2010 to 2020 in Shanghai, China Why was the study done? HIV/TB co-infection leads to worse disease progression, even deaths worldwide. It is essential to understand what factors influence TB treatment effectiveness for HIV/TB co-infected patients. What did the researchers do? We analyzed the TB therapeutic effectiveness, medication regimens, and clinical indicators of 461 HIV/TB co-infected patients to identify potential essential relationships. What did the researchers find? We found several key insights: CD4+ T cell count of 42 cells/μL can assist in evaluating TB treatment effectiveness. Rifabutin and levofloxacin, alone or in combination, are more effective than other first- and second-line anti-TB agents. Lymphocyte percentage can serve as an effective TB therapeutic and diagnostic target. Age, pre-treatment factors (HDL cholesterol, CD8+ T cell count, neutrophil percentage), rifabutin, and cycloserine relate to TB treatment effectiveness. Factors affecting TB treatment effectiveness for HIV/TB co-infected patients need more evidence. What did the findings mean? These findings provided valuable information on the clinical aspect of the relationship between clinical indicators/medication regimens and TB treatment effectiveness for HIV/TB co-infected patients.

Researchers have found a negative relationship between female fertility and employment. China's floating population comprises 244 million as of 2017. This migrant population has relevance in view of China's hukou (household registration) system, with the proportion of females increasing annually. This study is grounded in social role theory and employs the 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) to examine the impact of second child fertility behavior on the employment stability of female migrants in China, with respect to urban and rural differences. Binary logistic regression results indicate that bearing second children negatively affects the employment stability of female migrants. Also, its impact is stronger for female migrants of urban origin than their rural counterparts. In addition, family migration is noted to mitigate the conflict between childbearing and employment stability for them as they continue to face the dilemma of having children or seeking employment stability, especially if family and social support is weak or absent. We discuss the implications of this study on policy changes to alleviate the conflict female migrants experience in choosing between fertility and employment.

Nanostructures and nanomaterials, especially plasmonic nanostructures, often show optical properties that conventional materials lack and can manipulate light, as well as various light–matter interactions, in both their near-field and far-field regions with a high efficiency. Thanks to these unique properties, not only can they be used to enhance the sensitivity of chemical sensing and analysis techniques, but they also provide a solution for designing new sensing devices and simplifying the design of analytical instruments. The earliest applications of optical nanostructures are surface-enhanced spectroscopies. With the help of the resonance field enhancement of plasmonic nanostructures, molecular signals, such as Raman, infrared absorption, and fluorescence can be significantly enhanced, and even single-molecule analysis can be realized. Moreover, the resonant field enhancements of plasmonic nanostructures are often associated with other effects, such as optical forces, resonance shifts, and photothermal effects. Using these properties, label-free plasmonic sensors, nano-optical tweezers, and plasmonic matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization have also been demonstrated in the past two decades. In the last few years, the research on optical nanostructures has gradually expanded to non-periodic 2D array structures, namely metasurfaces. With the help of metasurfaces, light can be arbitrarily manipulated, leading to many new possibilities for developing miniaturized integrated intelligent sensing and analysis systems. In this review, we discuss the applications of optical nanostructures in chemical sensing and analysis from both theoretical and practical aspects, aiming at a concise and unified framework for this field.

This study presents strategies for the three fundamental origami operations of grasping, bending, and folding using a novel robot hand and simple motions. These operations are executed using a simple geometric model and without any visual feedback or physical modeling not to restrict the motions. With a few applications in the field of paper manipulation, the electroadhesion technology is employed to perform single hand grasping. Bending is realized by a single hand utilizing the elasticity of origami and friction. Folding is performed by holding an origami with more than two points to fix it at any moment for preciseness. In addition to the design of hardware and motions, operations are demonstrated with general criteria for the crease precision evaluation.

PURPOSE We aimed to explore the effect of microwave ablation (MWA) protocols upon morphology and instant changes in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters on MWA zones in porcine livers. METHODS According to the empirical protocol for MWA in tumors less than 3 cm in our hospital, the power and application duration were assigned as five groups: A, 60 W × 5 min (n = 6); B, 80 W × 3 min (n = 7); C, 80 W × 5 min (n = 10); D, 100 W × 3 min (n = 10); E, 100 W × 5 min (n = 9). Spearman correlation between MWA protocols, morphological metrics, and instant post-ablation IVIM parameters was performed. RESULTS There was fair positive correlation between energy delivery and short axis (RSpearman = 0.426, P= .005) of the white zone. There was moderate-to-good positive correlation between wattage and short axis (RSpearman = 0.584, P < .001) of the white zone. For post-ablation IVIM parameters in the white zone, only wattage had moderate-to-good positive correlation with D value (RSpearman= 0.574, P < .001) or ADC value (RSpearman = 0.550, P < .001). No correlation between energy delivery, wattage, duration, and f value was observed (RSpearman = 0.185, P = .24; RSpearman= - 0.001, P = .99; RSpearman = 0.203, P = .20, respectively). CONCLUSION The increase in the short axis of the white zone is more likely to be affected by wattage than energy delivery. The instant post-ablation IVIM is feasible in monitoring the MWA zones since the f value in the white zones is not sensitive to changes in MWA protocols, which is promising in evaluating the instant effect of MWA.

The Pacific Walker circulation and the closely connected El Niño/Southern Oscillation influence the climate and weather of the tropical Indo-Pacific region. They specifically exert a strong control on the regional occurrence of weather extremes, such as heatwaves, heavy precipitation and prolonged dry spells, which are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. However, climate models struggle to accurately simulate large-scale circulation changes in the tropics and thus their consequences for regional weather and future climate. Here we use high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis data from 1940 to 2022 to study the occurrence trends of weather patterns in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. We find that new large-scale synoptic situations that were rarely present before the 1990s have emerged in the Indo-Pacific, while some others that were prominent have disappeared. Those new synoptic situations are associated with an unusual proportion of heatwaves and extreme precipitation in the region. These weather patterns are physically consistent with a trend towards a stronger Pacific Walker circulation, wetter and warmer conditions in Southeast Asia and drier conditions in the equatorial Pacific. These changes cannot be fully explained by El Niño/Southern Oscillation and other relevant modes of interannual variability, and other factors such as global warming, aerosol forcing, external forcing mechanisms and nonlinear mode interactions may be contributing. Emerging weather patterns over recent decades are exacerbating extreme precipitation and heatwaves in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, according to a computation of trends in reanalysis data.

Road freight transport, an essential component of the logistics sector, faces challenges: high cost, low efficiency, and environmental impact. The need has become urgent to achieve a synergistic balance between low-carbon and high-efficiency development. This study used a three-stage DEA–Malmquist index model to analyze the road freight efficiency of Wuhan and 16 other cities in China from 2015 to 2020, and we compared Wuhan’s performance with its peers. In addition, grey correlation analysis was used to evaluate the low-carbon development of urban road freight transport in Wuhan. Through the calculation of the degree of synergy between low-carbon development and freight transport efficiency, this study provides insights into the synergistic development of low-carbon and efficient road freight transport in Wuhan. The key findings show that the total factor productivity of road freight transport in Wuhan was generally on a downward trend from 2015 to 2020, and was lower than that of the average of the 17 selected Chinese cities. The carbon emissions of road freight transport in Wuhan inversely related to its scale efficiency. This study also points out that the synergy between low-carbon development and the economic efficiency of road freight transport in Wuhan is not high and needs to be further integrated and optimized.