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"Donner, Erica"
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Genomic surveillance for antimicrobial resistance — a One Health perspective
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) — the ability of microorganisms to adapt and survive under diverse chemical selection pressures — is influenced by complex interactions between humans, companion and food-producing animals, wildlife, insects and the environment. To understand and manage the threat posed to health (human, animal, plant and environmental) and security (food and water security and biosecurity), a multifaceted ‘One Health’ approach to AMR surveillance is required. Genomic technologies have enabled monitoring of the mobilization, persistence and abundance of AMR genes and mutations within and between microbial populations. Their adoption has also allowed source-tracing of AMR pathogens and modelling of AMR evolution and transmission. Here, we highlight recent advances in genomic AMR surveillance and the relative strengths of different technologies for AMR surveillance and research. We showcase recent insights derived from One Health genomic surveillance and consider the challenges to broader adoption both in developed and in lower- and middle-income countries.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health issue that affects human, animal and environmental sectors worldwide. The authors review the role of genomics in AMR surveillance using a One Health approach, and how genomic approaches can help mitigate the spread of AMR to improve global health.
Journal Article
Who helps keep us safe?
\"[This book] teaches emergent readers about the role of some important community helpers while providing them with a supportive first nonfiction reading experience\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Parameters for one health genomic surveillance of Escherichia coli from Australia
Genomics is a cornerstone of modern pathogen epidemiology yet demonstrating transmission in a One Health context is challenging, as strains circulate and evolve within and between diverse hosts and environments. To identify phylogenetic linkages and better define relevant measures of genomic relatedness in a One Health context, we collated 5471
Escherichia coli
genome sequences from Australia originating from humans (
n
= 2996), wild animals (
n
= 870), livestock (
n
= 649), companion animals (
n
= 375), environmental sources (
n
= 292) and food (
n
= 289) spanning over 36 years. Of the 827 multi-locus sequence types (STs) identified, 10 STs were commonly associated with cross-source genomic clusters, including the highly clonal ST131, pandemic zoonotic lineages such as ST95, and emerging human ExPEC ST1193. Here, we show that assessing genomic relationships at ≤ 100 SNP threshold enabled detection of cross-source linkage otherwise obscured when applying typical outbreak-oriented relatedness thresholds ( ≤ 20 SNPs) and should be considered in interrogation of One Health genomic datasets.
Methods to demonstrate genomic linkages between pathogens across One Health compartments have not been established. Here, the authors compile a collection of E coli genomes from humans, animals, and the environment in Australia and investigate genomic evidence of cross-source clusters.
Journal Article
Who helps animals?
\"Carefully leveled text and vibrant photographs introduce emergent readers to the role vets play in helping animals. Includes tools for teachers, a table of contents, words to know, and an index.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Comparative antibacterial activities of neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water and other chlorine-based sanitizers
There is increasing demand for safe and effective sanitizers for irrigation water disinfection to prevent transmission of foodborne pathogens to fresh produce. Here we compared the efficacy of pH-neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (ClO
2
) against single and mixed populations of
E. coli
,
Listeria
and
Salmonella
under a range of pH and organic matter content. EOW treatment of the mixed bacterial suspension resulted in a dose-dependent (<1 mg/L free chlorine), rapid (<2 min) and effective (4–6 Log
10
) reduction of the microbial load in water devoid of organic matter under the range of pH conditions tested (pH, 6.0, 7.0, 8.4 and 9.2). The efficacy of EOW containing 5 mg/L free chlorine was unaffected by increasing organic matter, and compared favourably with equivalent concentrations of NaClO and ClO
2
. EOW at 20 mg/L free chlorine was more effective than NaClO and ClO
2
in reducing bacterial populations in the presence of high (20–100 mg/L) dissolved organic carbon, and no regrowth or metabolic activity was observed for EOW-treated bacteria at this concentration upon reculturing in rich media. Thus, EOW is as effective or more effective than other common chlorine-based sanitizers for pathogen reduction in contaminated water. EOW’s other characteristics, such as neutral pH and ease of handling, indicate its suitability for fresh produce sanitation.
Journal Article
Who helps us get around?
Introduces many different transport workers, from bus drivers and airplane pilots to train engineers and ferry captains.
Book
Wet and dry
\"Carefully leveled text and vibrant photographs introduce early readers to the concept of opposites by encouraging them to compare things that are wet with things that are dry. Includes tools for teachers, a table of contents, words to know, and an index.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Fast X-Ray Fluorescence Microtomography of Hydrated Biological Samples
Metals and metalloids play a key role in plant and other biological systems as some of them are essential to living organisms and all can be toxic at high concentrations. It is therefore important to understand how they are accumulated, complexed and transported within plants. In situ imaging of metal distribution at physiological relevant concentrations in highly hydrated biological systems is technically challenging. In the case of roots, this is mainly due to the possibility of artifacts arising during sample preparation such as cross sectioning. Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microtomography has been used to obtain virtual cross sections of elemental distributions. However, traditionally this technique requires long data acquisition times. This has prohibited its application to highly hydrated biological samples which suffer both radiation damage and dehydration during extended analysis. However, recent advances in fast detectors coupled with powerful data acquisition approaches and suitable sample preparation methods can circumvent this problem. We demonstrate the heightened potential of this technique by imaging the distribution of nickel and zinc in hydrated plant roots. Although 3D tomography was still impeded by radiation damage, we successfully collected 2D tomograms of hydrated plant roots exposed to environmentally relevant metal concentrations for short periods of time. To our knowledge, this is the first published example of the possibilities offered by a new generation of fast fluorescence detectors to investigate metal and metalloid distribution in radiation-sensitive, biological samples.
Journal Article